<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">INTRODUCTION</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">v </span></span><b><span style="color:black">L&rsquo;Indre-et-Loire face &agrave; un &laquo;&nbsp;mur de d&eacute;chets&nbsp;&raquo;</span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">La crise climatique &agrave; laquelle nous faisons face nous am&egrave;ne &agrave; repenser tous nos modes de faire. Cela intervient dans un environnement encore domin&eacute; par des pratiques h&eacute;rit&eacute;es de constructions sociales ant&eacute;rieures qui pr&eacute;sentent des externalit&eacute;s &eacute;cologiques n&eacute;fastes (L&eacute;tourneau, 2010). La gestion des d&eacute;chets en est une illustration int&eacute;ressante. Si nous faisons fr&eacute;quemment face &agrave; des images de pollutions dans des pays lointains, cela est moins souvent le cas lorsqu&rsquo;il est question des probl&eacute;matiques inh&eacute;rentes &agrave; l&rsquo;hexagone.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">En France, les modes de traitement varient grandement d&rsquo;une r&eacute;gion &agrave; l&rsquo;autre. Certains territoires sont aujourd&rsquo;hui dans une situation critique. Ils voient se profiler &agrave; court terme un v&eacute;ritable &laquo;&nbsp;mur de d&eacute;chets&nbsp;&raquo; accompagn&eacute; d&rsquo;un &laquo;&nbsp;tsunami fiscal<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="text-decoration:underline" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a>&nbsp;&raquo;. L&rsquo;Indre-et-Loire, notre terrain de recherche, est en premi&egrave;re ligne. Si le ratio de production de d&eacute;chets par an et par habitant (206 kilos) y est inf&eacute;rieur &agrave; la moyenne nationale (248 kilos), il n&rsquo;en reste pas moins que 126 000 tonnes d&rsquo;ordures m&eacute;nag&egrave;res doivent &ecirc;tre prises en charge annuellement par le service public.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Les sites d&rsquo;&eacute;limination actuellement utilis&eacute;s consistent en deux centres d&rsquo;enfouissement &ndash; au nord et au sud du d&eacute;partement &ndash; et en un incin&eacute;rateur situ&eacute; &agrave; proximit&eacute; de la ville de Chinon. Si aucun investissement n&rsquo;y est r&eacute;alis&eacute;, ce dernier devra prochainement fermer en raison de sa v&eacute;tust&eacute;. Aucun doute n&rsquo;existe quant &agrave; l&rsquo;avenir de d&eacute;charges contr&ocirc;l&eacute;es, dont le recours est progressivement interdit par le Code de l&rsquo;environnement<a href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="text-decoration:underline" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a>. Leur saturation interviendra au cours de cette d&eacute;cennie<a href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="text-decoration:underline" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a>. Cette p&eacute;nurie d&rsquo;exutoires conduit d&eacute;j&agrave; certains &eacute;tablissements publics de coop&eacute;ration intercommunale (EPCI) &agrave; se tourner vers des solutions situ&eacute;es &agrave; l&rsquo;ext&eacute;rieur du d&eacute;partement, et ce au prix d&rsquo;un bilan carbone alourdi.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Malgr&eacute; une baisse tendancielle r&eacute;guli&egrave;re &ndash; timor&eacute;e par la croissance d&eacute;mographique du d&eacute;partement &ndash; le sort de 110 000 tonnes d&rsquo;ordures m&eacute;nag&egrave;res &agrave; traiter annuellement reste incertain. Outre la cr&eacute;ation d&rsquo;un ou de plusieurs nouveaux &eacute;quipements, la r&eacute;duction &agrave; la source des d&eacute;chets s&rsquo;impose comme un imp&eacute;ratif afin d&rsquo;apporter une r&eacute;ponse concr&egrave;te &agrave; cette situation.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">v </span></span><b><span style="color:black">D&eacute;velopper un syst&egrave;me d&rsquo;information territorial efficient</span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">C&rsquo;est dans ce contexte qu&rsquo;intervient le syndicat mixte Touraine Propre. Cr&eacute;&eacute; en 2002, il a notamment pour mission de piloter les &eacute;tudes devant d&eacute;finir une strat&eacute;gie de gestion des d&eacute;chets. Il est pr&eacute;sent dans la quasi-totalit&eacute; du d&eacute;partement d&rsquo;Indre-et-Loire, aupr&egrave;s de 594 612 habitants r&eacute;partis dans 247 communes diff&eacute;rentes. 50 &eacute;lus les repr&eacute;sentent.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">V&eacute;ritable territoire informationnel, sa comp&eacute;tence &laquo;&nbsp;pr&eacute;vention&nbsp;&raquo; lui permet de d&eacute;ployer des campagnes de sensibilisation multicanales &agrave; destination des citoyens via de nombreux supports (plaquettes, site internet, animations scolaires, &eacute;v&eacute;nements&hellip;). En outre, Touraine Propre propose un soutien financier et en ing&eacute;nierie aux responsables politiques, universitaires et associatifs. Nous y r&eacute;alisons une recherche-action dans le cadre d&rsquo;un doctorat b&eacute;n&eacute;ficiant d&rsquo;une convention industrielle de formation par la recherche (CIFRE). Initi&eacute;e en 2020, elle part du postulat que les dispositifs de sensibilisation employ&eacute;s jusqu&rsquo;&agrave; pr&eacute;sent ont atteint leurs limites puisqu&rsquo;ils n&rsquo;ont pas suffisamment eux d&rsquo;effets sur la diminution des gisements.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Nous souhaitons aujourd&rsquo;hui aller plus loin en cherchant &agrave; identifier quels sont les pr&eacute;requis pour qu&rsquo;un territoire s&rsquo;engage dans une strat&eacute;gie de sensibilisation &agrave; la r&eacute;duction &agrave; la source de ses d&eacute;chets. Afin d&rsquo;y r&eacute;pondre, nous formulons l&rsquo;hypoth&egrave;se qu&rsquo;un syst&egrave;me d&rsquo;information territorial efficient permet d&rsquo;accro&icirc;tre le niveau de connaissance de la population &agrave; ces enjeux et, <i>in fine</i>, son degr&eacute; de sensibilisation. Il serait ainsi en mesure d&rsquo;accompagner le d&eacute;veloppement de nouvelles normes et ainsi &laquo;&nbsp;renforcer le processus de transformation de la soci&eacute;t&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo; (Mallowan et Marcon, 2019). Apr&egrave;s une revue de la litt&eacute;rature d&eacute;di&eacute;e &agrave; la probl&eacute;matique de la sensibilisation en mati&egrave;re de pr&eacute;vention des d&eacute;chets et qui donnera lieu &agrave; la formulation de deux propositions de recherche, nous exposerons notre d&eacute;marche m&eacute;thodologique avant de pr&eacute;senter nos r&eacute;sultats et de les discuter.</span></span></span></span></p> <div style="page-break-after: always"><span style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span></div> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">REVUE DE LITTERATURE&nbsp;: LA SENSIBILISATION AU SERVICE DE LA REDUCTION A LA SOURCE DES DECHETS </span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">La communication environnementale est une discipline r&eacute;cente dont les contours n&eacute;cessitent encore d&rsquo;&ecirc;tre pr&eacute;cis&eacute;ment d&eacute;finis. Sa dimension &eacute;cosyst&eacute;mique en fait un &eacute;l&eacute;ment cl&eacute; dans le d&eacute;ploiement de strat&eacute;gies de sensibilisation. C&rsquo;est ce que nous verrons dans un premier temps. La litt&eacute;rature &eacute;tudi&eacute;e dans la deuxi&egrave;me partie nous montrera que cela est particuli&egrave;rement vrai lorsqu&rsquo;il est question de gestion et de r&eacute;duction des d&eacute;chets. Nous conclurons avec la formulation de nos deux propositions de recherche.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">v </span></span><b><span style="color:black">La communication environnementale comme vecteur de sensibilisation</span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">L&rsquo;entr&eacute;e &agrave; la fin des ann&eacute;es 1960 dans ce que nous pourrions qualifier &laquo;&nbsp;d&rsquo;&egrave;re des&nbsp;grandes catastrophes environnementales&nbsp;&raquo; (Boy, 2009) s&rsquo;accompagne des pr&eacute;mices d&rsquo;une r&eacute;flexion portant sur le r&ocirc;le exerc&eacute; par les toutes jeunes sciences de l&rsquo;information et de la communication (SIC) dans les enjeux d&rsquo;ordre &eacute;cologique. Une s&eacute;mantique d&eacute;di&eacute;e commence &agrave; &eacute;merger. Le terme &laquo;&nbsp;d&rsquo;&eacute;cod&eacute;veloppement&nbsp;&raquo; est introduit pour la premi&egrave;re fois (Sachs, 1980) dans le c&eacute;l&egrave;bre rapport &laquo;&nbsp;<i>The Limits to Growth&nbsp;</i>&raquo; (Behrens III <i>et al.</i>, 1972).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Si certains auteurs commencent &agrave; s&rsquo;int&eacute;resser &agrave; la valeur des informations environnementales (Althoff <i>et al.</i>, 1973), d&rsquo;autres pr&eacute;f&egrave;rent &eacute;tudier l&rsquo;&eacute;mergence progressive du &laquo;&nbsp;d&eacute;veloppement durable&nbsp;&raquo; qui est introduit d&egrave;s 1980 (Chetouani, 2014). Cox (1982) sera l&rsquo;un des premiers &agrave; l&rsquo;analyser. En introduisant la notion d&rsquo;irr&eacute;parabilit&eacute;, ce pionnier est aujourd&rsquo;hui consid&eacute;r&eacute; comme l&rsquo;un des fondateurs de la discipline (Catellani <i>et al.</i>, 2019). Il faudra cependant attendre 1987 et la publication du rapport Bundtland pour que cette nouvelle forme de d&eacute;veloppement connaisse une diffusion exponentielle et s&rsquo;institutionnalise. D&egrave;s lors, les chercheurs fran&ccedil;ais s&rsquo;en emparent (Libaert et Cathelat, 1992&nbsp;; Ogrizek, 1993).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Dans un premier temps, la th&eacute;matique environnementale est majoritairement utilis&eacute;e dans des strat&eacute;gies de communication qualifi&eacute;es de &laquo;&nbsp;boucliers&nbsp;&raquo; (Catellani <i>et al.</i>, 2019), notamment pour s&rsquo;opposer au recours aux organismes g&eacute;n&eacute;tiquement modifi&eacute;s et &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;nergie nucl&eacute;aire. Tr&egrave;s vite, le d&eacute;veloppement durable se retrouve &ecirc;tre contest&eacute;. &laquo;&nbsp;Mythe rationnalisateur&nbsp;&raquo; (Porcedda, 2019), &laquo;&nbsp;&eacute;tiquette marketing&nbsp;&raquo; (Saffache et Moutamalle, 2006) &hellip; Les qualificatifs peu flatteurs se multiplient &agrave; son &eacute;gard. Cela intervient &agrave; une p&eacute;riode o&ugrave; les SIC elles-m&ecirc;mes rencontrent des difficult&eacute;s &agrave; s&rsquo;approprier pleinement les questionnements soulev&eacute;s par la durabilit&eacute;. Elles sont accus&eacute;es de cr&eacute;er de faux-besoins (Poivre-Le Loh&eacute; et Libaert, 2014) &ndash; via la publicit&eacute; par exemple - dans un contexte semblant s&rsquo;orienter vers davantage de frugalit&eacute;.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Les nombreux cas d&rsquo;&eacute;coblanchiment &ndash; ou <i>greenwashing</i> &ndash; semblent avoir &eacute;galement fait beaucoup de mal &agrave; la discipline. Si ce d&eacute;calage entre les paroles et les actes (Almeida <i>et al.</i>, 2018) a connu son apog&eacute;e au tournant des ann&eacute;es 2010, il se poursuit encore de nos jours sous des formes renouvel&eacute;es (Franta, 2021). Une nouvelle s&eacute;mantique &eacute;merge alors. On parle d&eacute;sormais de politique de la &laquo;&nbsp;transition&nbsp;&raquo; (Cirelli et Maccaglia, 2021) dans un environnement marqu&eacute; par la multiplication des d&eacute;clarations &laquo;&nbsp;d&rsquo;urgence climatique&nbsp;&raquo; par des acteurs institutionnels, sans que cela induise pour autant des transformations substantielles (Jouayed et Guittard, 2020).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Fortes d&rsquo;un caract&egrave;re &eacute;cosyst&eacute;mique qui va au-del&agrave; des sph&egrave;res de l&rsquo;information et de la communication (Mallowan et Marcon, 2019), les SIC ne sont pourtant pas d&eacute;nu&eacute;es de responsabilit&eacute;s. Elles disposent d&rsquo;une r&eacute;elle capacit&eacute; d&rsquo;influer sur les prises de conscience individuelles (Martin, 2020). L&rsquo;&eacute;ducation au d&eacute;veloppement durable et l&rsquo;emploi de strat&eacute;gies de sensibilisation &ndash;consid&eacute;r&eacute;es par certains auteurs comme des sp&eacute;cificit&eacute;s fran&ccedil;aises (Catellani <i>et al.</i>, 2019) &ndash; constituent une illustration int&eacute;ressante. Elles mobilisent bon nombre de nos &eacute;motions (Hung et Bayrak, 2020) sans pour autant faire l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;un consensus scientifique clair (Reser et Bradley, 2017). Alors que les appels &agrave; la peur sont fr&eacute;quemment employ&eacute;s dans les campagnes de sant&eacute; publique (O&rsquo;Neill et Nicholson-Cole, 2009), ils semblent plus difficiles &agrave; mettre en &oelig;uvre lorsqu&rsquo;il convient d&rsquo;aborder le d&eacute;r&egrave;glement climatique &agrave; une &eacute;poque marqu&eacute;e par une &eacute;coanxi&eacute;t&eacute; croissante (Galway <i>et al.</i>, 2019).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">A contrario, les auteurs ne cessent de d&eacute;battre du r&ocirc;le occup&eacute; par l&rsquo;espoir. Si selon certains il est susceptible de motiver (Sj&ouml;ber, 2007), pour d&rsquo;autres il g&eacute;n&eacute;rerait un d&eacute;sengagement de l&rsquo;individu (Hornsey et Fielding, 2016). Dans le cas du sujet qui nous int&eacute;resse ici, Meneses (2010) nous a prouv&eacute; que les comportements prompts au recyclage des d&eacute;chets seraient davantage effectu&eacute;s lorsqu&rsquo;ils sont pr&eacute;sent&eacute;s dans un cadrage positif o&ugrave; le citoyen a le sentiment d&rsquo;agir correctement (Markowitz <i>et al.</i>, 2012).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">v </span></span><b><span style="color:black">R&eacute;duire ses d&eacute;chets en d&eacute;passant l&rsquo;id&eacute;altype du citoyen &eacute;coresponsable</span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">La progression de la sensibilisation du grand public &agrave; ces enjeux a pour premier effet d&rsquo;entra&icirc;ner une normalisation des comportements. Le renforcement du r&ocirc;le des pouvoirs publics dans la gestion des d&eacute;chets et la promotion du &laquo;&nbsp;bon geste&nbsp;&raquo; ont particip&eacute; &agrave; la construction de la figure d&rsquo;un citoyen &laquo;&nbsp;&eacute;coresponsable&nbsp;&raquo; (Rumpala, 2009). Toutes les campagnes diffus&eacute;es sur le territoire de Touraine Propre au cours de ces deux derni&egrave;res d&eacute;cennies nous le prouvent. Pass&eacute; ce premier constat, nous observons que ces &eacute;volutions n&rsquo;induisent pas pour autant des &eacute;volutions en profondeur de nos soci&eacute;t&eacute;s. La transformation de l&rsquo;&eacute;cocitoyen en un id&eacute;altype ne semble plus suffisante (Bulkeley et Gregson, 2009) puisque la pratique de certains &eacute;cogestes &ndash; tels que le recyclage &ndash; tend &agrave; stagner, voire &agrave; baisser (Martin, 2020).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Dans certains cas, l&rsquo;existence d&rsquo;effets pervers est constat&eacute;e. Hong (1999) nous a notamment prouv&eacute; que l&rsquo;efficacit&eacute; de la r&eacute;compense sur le tri nuisait &agrave; la r&eacute;duction &agrave; la source. La litt&eacute;rature francophone &agrave; ce sujet est beaucoup plus r&eacute;cente. Cirelli et Maccaglia (2021) notent que les d&eacute;chets sont devenus un int&eacute;r&ecirc;t majeur pour les sciences sociales depuis seulement une quinzaine d&rsquo;ann&eacute;es. Avant cette p&eacute;riode, uniquement quelques travaux pionniers autour des dimensions &eacute;conomiques, sociales et spatiales du sujet (Gouhier, 1972) sont &agrave; relever.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">En plus d&rsquo;&ecirc;tre une source de pollutions majeures, le d&eacute;chet est devenu l&rsquo;un des symboles de nos soci&eacute;t&eacute;s contemporaines. Il s&rsquo;agit pleinement d&rsquo;une invention de la modernit&eacute;. &laquo;&nbsp;Pour la premi&egrave;re fois de l&rsquo;histoire humaine, la mise au rebut fut s&eacute;par&eacute;e de la production, de la consommation et de l&rsquo;usage&nbsp;&raquo;, rel&egrave;ve Monsaingeon (2017). Cette dynamique initi&eacute;e d&egrave;s la r&eacute;volution industrielle s&rsquo;est emball&eacute;e &agrave; partir de la seconde moiti&eacute; du XXe si&egrave;cle. Concomitamment, nous avons assist&eacute; &agrave; l&rsquo;essor d&rsquo;une consommation de masse qui s&rsquo;est traduite par une hausse massive de la production de d&eacute;chets (Packard, 2011).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Depuis quelques ann&eacute;es, nous cherchons &agrave; nous affranchir du &laquo;&nbsp;fabriquer, utiliser et jeter&nbsp;&raquo; (Ezvan, 2020) pour nous engager dans la mise en circularit&eacute; de nos &eacute;conomies. Cela consiste &agrave; revoir notre relation avec ce qui constitue une ressource potentielle. Contrairement &agrave; ce qu&rsquo;affirme Reno (2014) qui le consid&egrave;re comme un substrat g&eacute;n&eacute;rique, le d&eacute;chet est loin de constituer une masse indiff&eacute;renci&eacute;e. Il peut faire l&rsquo;objet de multiples valorisations. Granjou <i>et al.</i> (2020) vont plus loin en nous invitant &agrave; r&eacute;fl&eacute;chir &agrave; son statut dans le cadre du compostage. La pourriture devient ainsi une alli&eacute;e alors que nous luttons souvent contre elle &agrave; juste titre (Lorimer, 2016).&nbsp; En d&rsquo;autres termes, il s&rsquo;agirait de d&eacute;velopper une &laquo; collaboration entre des &ecirc;tres vari&eacute;s et humains &raquo; (Tironi, 2020) afin d&rsquo;actionner l&rsquo;un des leviers majeurs de la r&eacute;duction &agrave; la source, celui du traitement des biod&eacute;chets.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">v </span></span><b><span style="color:black">Propositions de recherche</span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Cet article s&rsquo;appuie sur deux propositions de recherche formul&eacute;es &agrave; partir de la litt&eacute;rature &eacute;tudi&eacute;e ci-dessus et des observations r&eacute;alis&eacute;es sur notre terrain. Dans un contexte marqu&eacute; par une forte progression des pr&eacute;occupations environnementales (David et Lambotte, 2012) qui s&rsquo;apparente parfois &agrave; une forme de &laquo;&nbsp;schizophr&eacute;nie &eacute;cologique&nbsp;&raquo; (Branche, 2012), nous partons du postulat que&nbsp;:</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&agrave; </span></span><span style="color:black">Les acteurs locaux de l&rsquo;&eacute;cosyst&egrave;me du d&eacute;chet se sont engag&eacute;s dans une strat&eacute;gie de sensibilisation &agrave; la r&eacute;duction &agrave; la source, mais elle demeure perfectible&nbsp;;</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&agrave; </span></span><span style="color:black">Les citoyens int&eacute;ress&eacute;s par le sujet disposent d&rsquo;un bon niveau de connaissance concernant la probl&eacute;matique de gestion des d&eacute;chets &agrave; laquelle leur territoire&nbsp;est confront&eacute;.</span></span></span></span></p> <div style="page-break-after: always"><span style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span></div> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">METHODE</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Notre terrain s&rsquo;inscrit pleinement dans ce que Bernard (2016) consid&egrave;re comme &eacute;tant un nouveau &laquo;&nbsp;territoire de comp&eacute;tences&nbsp;&raquo;. Ce dispositif facilitateur invite &agrave; tisser davantage de liens entre les diff&eacute;rentes formes de recherche. Touraine Propre centralise ainsi une expertise technique et une connaissance d&rsquo;usage de la gestion et de la pr&eacute;vention des d&eacute;chets en Indre-et-Loire. En &eacute;tant financ&eacute; par la taxe d&rsquo;ordure m&eacute;nag&egrave;re pay&eacute;e par chaque m&eacute;nage de ses EPCI membres, son fonctionnement encourage la mutualisation des savoirs et la coop&eacute;ration entre les acteurs locaux. Si les statuts du syndicat le pr&eacute;voient pour les d&eacute;cideurs politiques et leurs services en organisant r&eacute;guli&egrave;rement des &eacute;changes, les diff&eacute;rents dispositifs de soutien mis en &oelig;uvre (appels &agrave; projets, partenariats&hellip;) pour les porteurs de projets &ndash; le plus souvent issus du milieu associatif et acad&eacute;mique &ndash; viennent renforcer cette approche globale.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Afin de tester notre premi&egrave;re proposition de recherche, nous sommes all&eacute;s &agrave; la rencontre des membres de l&rsquo;&eacute;cosyst&egrave;me du d&eacute;chet en Indre-et-Loire en menant individuellement 35 entretiens semi-directifs aupr&egrave;s d&rsquo;un panel d&rsquo;experts qualifi&eacute;s. Ils se sont tenus entre mars et juillet 2022. La grille d&rsquo;entretien (tableau 1) a &eacute;t&eacute; &eacute;labor&eacute;e &agrave; partir de l&rsquo;&eacute;tat de l&rsquo;art expos&eacute; pr&eacute;c&eacute;demment. Son contenu s&rsquo;int&eacute;resse prioritairement &agrave; l&rsquo;exposition de l&rsquo;interrog&eacute; aux campagnes de pr&eacute;vention, &agrave; la lecture qu&rsquo;il fait des strat&eacute;gies en cours et aux &eacute;ventuels ingr&eacute;dients qu&rsquo;il consid&eacute;rerait comme incontournables afin de sensibiliser plus efficacement les citoyens.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="color:black">Tableau 1&nbsp;: grille d&rsquo;entretien</span></b></span></span></span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:101px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Th&egrave;me</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:260px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Points pr&eacute;cis &agrave; aborder</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Relance</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:101px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Int&eacute;r&ecirc;t de l&rsquo;interrog&eacute;(e) pour le sujet</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:260px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Comment en &ecirc;tes-vous venus &agrave; vous int&eacute;resser &agrave; la gestion et &agrave; la pr&eacute;vention des d&eacute;chets et quelle lecture faites-vous de la situation actuelle ?</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:101px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Fr&eacute;quence d&rsquo;exposition &agrave; des campagnes de sensibilisation</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:260px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">&Ecirc;tes-vous r&eacute;guli&egrave;rement confront&eacute; &agrave; des campagnes de sensibilisation encourageant &agrave; la r&eacute;duction &agrave; la source des d&eacute;chets ?</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Si oui, pouvez-vous m&rsquo;en dire plus sur la fr&eacute;quence ?</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:101px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Accro&icirc;tre la sensibilisation des citoyens</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:260px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">D&rsquo;apr&egrave;s vous, quels seraient les ingr&eacute;dients d&rsquo;une campagne r&eacute;ussie ?</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Pouvez-vous me citer des exemples ?</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Nous avons veill&eacute;́ à adopter un positionnement à la fois compr&eacute;hensif et inductif. Nous privil&eacute;gions la description des processus &eacute;voqu&eacute;s plut&ocirc;t que l&#39;explication des causes tout en en acqu&eacute;rant une compr&eacute;hension progressive (Imbert, 2010). Chacun de ces &eacute;changes a &eacute;t&eacute; enregistr&eacute; avec le consentement du participant. La captation de l&rsquo;audio s&#39;est accompagn&eacute;e d&rsquo;une prise de notes active afin de faciliter la m&eacute;morisation des points cl&eacute;s (Combessie, 2007). Nous nous sommes ensuite attach&eacute; à r&eacute;aliser une restitution exacte, comprenant les interjections, les rires, les silences et les h&eacute;sitations afin d&rsquo;&ecirc;tre le plus fid&egrave;le possible à la discussion originale. Selon leur profil (tableau 2), le domaine de comp&eacute;tence de chacun des interview&eacute;s a &eacute;t&eacute; class&eacute; &agrave; partir des quatre cat&eacute;gories&nbsp;suivantes : associatif, politique, universitaire et technique.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="color:black">Tableau 2 : pr&eacute;sentation des acteurs locaux interrog&eacute;s</span></b></span></span></span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:14px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Pr&eacute;nom - nom</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:14px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Postes occup&eacute;s</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:14px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Domaine de comp&eacute;tence</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Antoine TRYSTRAM</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Touraine Propre&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> 1<sup>er</sup> Vice-pr&eacute;sident</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Communaut&eacute; de communes de G&acirc;tine Racan&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> Pr&eacute;sident</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Ville de Semblan&ccedil;ay&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> maire</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Politique</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Audrey THOMAS</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Les Vers de Tours&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> cofondatrice et tr&eacute;sori&egrave;re</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Associatif</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">B&eacute;n&eacute;dicte FLORIN</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Universit&eacute; de Tours&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> ma&icirc;tre de conf&eacute;rences g&eacute;ographie physique, humaine, &eacute;conomique et r&eacute;gionale (laboratoire CITERES)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Universitaire</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Benoist PIERRE</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Touraine Propre&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> Pr&eacute;sident</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Tours M&eacute;tropole Val de Loire&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> Vice-pr&eacute;sident d&eacute;l&eacute;gu&eacute; aux d&eacute;chets</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Politique</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Catherine GAULTIER</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Touraine Propre&nbsp;: secr&eacute;taire adjointe</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Tours M&eacute;tropole Val de Loire&nbsp;: membre du bureau</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Politique</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Claudia CIRELLI</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Universit&eacute; de Tours&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> ing&eacute;nieur de recherche sous contrat (laboratoire CITERES)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Universitaire</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Corinne BIVER</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Pr&eacute;fecture d&rsquo;Indre-et-Loire&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> experte de haut niveau aupr&egrave;s de la pr&eacute;f&egrave;te charg&eacute;e de la mise en &oelig;uvre d&#39;une strat&eacute;gie locale de gestion et de valorisation des d&eacute;chets</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Technique</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">David VIOLLEAU</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Universit&eacute; de Tours&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> g&eacute;nie biologique (IUT)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Z&eacute;ro D&eacute;chet Touraine&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> Vice-pr&eacute;sident</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Universitaire</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Associatif</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Divya LEDUCQ</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Universit&eacute; de Tours&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> ma&icirc;tre de conf&eacute;rences en d&eacute;veloppement urbain durable (laboratoire CITERES)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Universitaire</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Elodie BOURGEOIS</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Communaut&eacute; de communes Touraine-Est Vall&eacute;es&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> responsable du service d&eacute;chets m&eacute;nagers</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Technique</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Francis GERARD</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Touraine Propre&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> secr&eacute;taire</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Ville de Jou&eacute;-l&egrave;s-Tours&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> conseiller d&rsquo;opposition</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Politique</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Fran&ccedil;ois LALOT</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Touraine Propre&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> 7<sup>e</sup> Vice-pr&eacute;sident</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Communaut&eacute; de communes Touraine-Est Vall&eacute;es&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> Vice-pr&eacute;sident d&eacute;l&eacute;gu&eacute; &agrave; la vie culturelle et sportive</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Ville de Chan&ccedil;ay&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> maire</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Politique</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Ga&euml;l CANEVET</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Tours M&eacute;tropole Val de Loire&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> direction d&eacute;chets et propret&eacute;</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Technique</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:20px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Guillaume PEPIN</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:20px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">PAPREC&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> directeur du territoire centre</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:20px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Technique</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Hugo MESLARD-HAYOT</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Z&eacute;ro D&eacute;chet Touraine&nbsp;: </span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">ma&icirc;tre-composteur</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Les D&eacute;ch&eacute;ticiens&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> fondateur</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Associatif</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Ingrid LAUBIER-GUILLAUME</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Tours M&eacute;tropole Val de Loire&nbsp;: manager territoire-entreprises</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Technique</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Isabelle AROCHE-KEMPF</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Touraine Propre&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> responsable administrative et financi&egrave;re</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Technique</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Jean-Louis BRASERO</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Tours M&eacute;tropole Val de Loire&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> charg&eacute; de communication au service d&eacute;chets et propret&eacute;</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Technique</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Jean-Luc GALLIOT</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Touraine Propre&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> ancien Pr&eacute;sident (2002-2020)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Tours M&eacute;tropole Val de Loire&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> ancien Vice-pr&eacute;sident d&eacute;l&eacute;gu&eacute; aux d&eacute;chets (2000-2020)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Ville de Notre-Dame-d&rsquo;O&eacute;&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> ancien maire (1989-2020)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Politique</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Jonathan TESSIER</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Communaut&eacute; de communes Gatine Racan&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> responsable service environnement</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Technique</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Julien MACOU</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">L&rsquo;Asso (festival Terres du Son)&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> charg&eacute; de relations entreprises, du d&eacute;veloppement durable et de la d&eacute;marche RSO</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Associatif</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Marie BRUGIER</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">L&rsquo;Armoire sans Fin&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> Pr&eacute;sidente</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Associatif</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Marie-Laure MALTERRE</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Tours M&eacute;tropole Val de Loire&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> responsable du service tri, traitement d&eacute;chets et communication</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Technique</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Martin COHEN</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Touraine Propre&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> 5<sup>e</sup> Vice-pr&eacute;sident et ancien Pr&eacute;sident (2020-2021)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Ville de Tours&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> adjoint d&eacute;l&eacute;gu&eacute; &agrave; la transition &eacute;cologique et &eacute;nerg&eacute;tique</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Politique</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Nicolas GOMES</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Precious Plastic Touraine Val de Loire&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> porteur de projet</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">RegenBox&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> directeur</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Associatif</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Pauline RUBY</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">L&rsquo;Asso (festival Terres du Son)&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> coordinatrice</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Associatif</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Pascal GARRET</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Ind&eacute;pendant&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> sociologue et architecte DPLG</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Technique</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Patrice MELE</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Universit&eacute; de Tours&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> responsable de la mention G&eacute;ographie, am&eacute;nagement, environnement, d&eacute;veloppement (laboratoire CITERES)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Universitaire</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Patricia SUARD</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Touraine Propre&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> 2<sup>e</sup> Vice-pr&eacute;sidente</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Tours M&eacute;tropole Val de Loire&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> Vice-pr&eacute;sidente d&eacute;l&eacute;gu&eacute;e aux politiques alimentaires</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Ville de Saint-Genouph&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> maire</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Politique</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Philippe MASSARD</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Touraine Propre&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> 8<sup>e</sup> Vice-pr&eacute;sident</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">SMICTOM du Chinonais&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> Pr&eacute;sident</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Politique</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Pierre BROSCREDON</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Veloop&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> Pr&eacute;sident et cofondateur</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Associatif</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">S&eacute;bastien MOREAU</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Universit&eacute; de Tours&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> ma&icirc;tre de conf&eacute;rences biologie animale et de g&eacute;n&eacute;tique (laboratoire CITERES)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Z&eacute;ro D&eacute;chet Touraine&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> secr&eacute;taire adjoint et ancien Pr&eacute;sident (2017-2022)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Associatif</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Sophie ROBIN</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">La Charpenti&egrave;re&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> Directrice</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Associatif</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">St&eacute;phanie LEFIEF</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Active&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"> Directrice</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Associatif</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:92px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Vita EVENAT</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-21.25pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">&uuml; </span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Convention Citoyenne pour le Climat&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">&nbsp; membre du groupe de travail &ldquo;produire et travailler&rdquo;</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Technique</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Nous avons mobilis&eacute; la m&eacute;thode Alceste afin de proc&eacute;der &agrave; l&rsquo;analyse qualitative de ces discours. Comme le rappelle Marpsat (</span>2010<span style="color:black">), elle cherche &agrave; rendre compte de leur organisation interne. Elle s&rsquo;appuie sur une analyse factorielle des correspondances (AFC) qui caract&eacute;rise les relations d&#39;attraction ou d&#39;&eacute;loignement qu&#39;entretiennent entre elles les formes et les classes (</span>Bart, 2011<span style="color:black">). Ce travail a &eacute;t&eacute; r&eacute;alis&eacute; &agrave; partir du logiciel libre IRaMuTeQ. Il a &eacute;t&eacute; compl&eacute;t&eacute; par une relecture humaine de l&rsquo;ensemble des <i>verbatim</i> produits. Les &eacute;l&eacute;ments les plus signifiants ont &eacute;t&eacute; synth&eacute;tis&eacute;s et mis en forme dans une carte heuristique r&eacute;partissant sous diff&eacute;rentes parties les cat&eacute;gories de notre grille d&rsquo;entretien. Elle permet de structurer et de visualiser l&#39;information disponible en alliant vision globale et &eacute;l&eacute;ments de d&eacute;tail (</span>Huet <i>et al.</i>, 2020<span style="color:black">).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Afin de v&eacute;rifier notre deuxi&egrave;me proposition de recherche, une m&eacute;thodologie diff&eacute;rente a &eacute;t&eacute; employ&eacute;e. Nous souhaitions &eacute;valuer le niveau de connaissance des citoyens rencontr&eacute;s sur les stands de sensibilisation organis&eacute;s par Touraine Propre. S&rsquo;agissant souvent d&rsquo;&eacute;changes de courte dur&eacute;e dans un environnement anim&eacute;, la r&eacute;alisation d&rsquo;entretiens ne s&rsquo;av&eacute;rait pas &ecirc;tre adapt&eacute;e. En lieu et place, nous avons privil&eacute;gi&eacute; la diffusion d&rsquo;une courte enqu&ecirc;te au format papier et num&eacute;rique qui pouvait &ecirc;tre compl&eacute;t&eacute;e en moins de trois minutes. Outre des questions portant sur les caract&eacute;ristiques sociod&eacute;mographiques du volontaire (commune de r&eacute;sidence, type de logement, taille du m&eacute;nage&hellip;), nous leur avons demand&eacute; d&rsquo;estimer en pourcentage la r&eacute;partition des modes de traitement des ordures m&eacute;nag&egrave;res sur leur territoire entre incin&eacute;ration et enfouissement. Le total des r&eacute;ponses devant &ecirc;tre de 100%.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">L&rsquo;enqu&ecirc;te a &eacute;t&eacute; distribu&eacute;e sur sept stands entre avril et octobre 2022 (tableau 3) ainsi que lors de l&rsquo;exposition &laquo;&nbsp;Voyage au c&oelig;ur de nos poubelles&nbsp;&raquo; qui s&rsquo;est tenue &agrave; Tours du 13 mai au 16 juillet 2022<a href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="text-decoration:underline" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a>. Au total, 186 r&eacute;ponses ont &eacute;t&eacute; recueillies. L&rsquo;ensemble de ces donn&eacute;es quantitatives a &eacute;t&eacute; saisi dans le logiciel Sphinx afin de faire l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;une analyse informatis&eacute;e. Elle a ensuite &eacute;t&eacute; affin&eacute;e par une &eacute;tude manuelle des r&eacute;sultats qui a notamment permis de ventiler cette restitution en fonction du profil des r&eacute;pondants. C&rsquo;est ce que nous allons &agrave; pr&eacute;sent &eacute;tudier.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="color:black">Tableau 3&nbsp;: stands de sensibilisation o&ugrave; l&rsquo;enqu&ecirc;te a &eacute;t&eacute; distribu&eacute;e</span></b></span></span></span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:94px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Date</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:141px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Nom de l&rsquo;&eacute;v&eacute;nement</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:90px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Commune</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:127px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Nombre d&rsquo;enqu&ecirc;tes collect&eacute;es</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:94px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">16 avril 2022</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:141px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Salon des vins d&rsquo;Amboise</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:90px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Amboise</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:127px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">11</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:94px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">13 mai-16 juillet 2022</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:141px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Voyage au c&oelig;ur de nos poubelles</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:90px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Tours</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:127px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">48</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:94px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">14-15 mai 2022</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:141px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">F&ecirc;te des fleurs et des abeilles</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:90px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Fondettes</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:127px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">14</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:94px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">3 juillet 2022</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:141px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">F&ecirc;te de l&rsquo;environnement</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:90px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Semblan&ccedil;ay</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:127px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">29</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:94px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">9 juillet 2022</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:141px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">F&ecirc;te du cochon grill&eacute;</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:90px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Verneuil-sur-Indre</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:127px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:94px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">1 octobre 2022</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:141px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Au Tours des Possibles</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:90px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Tours</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:127px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">46</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:94px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">8 octobre 2022</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:141px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">F&ecirc;te de l&rsquo;environnement</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:90px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Artannes-sur-Indre</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:127px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">16</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:94px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">16 octobre 2022</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:141px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Place du Climat</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:90px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Tours</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:127px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">20</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:326px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">TOTAL</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:127px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">186</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <div style="page-break-after: always"><span style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span></div> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="color:black">RESULTATS</span></span></b></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Les r&eacute;sultats de notre recherche s&rsquo;articulent en quatre parties. Nous verrons dans un premier temps que les acteurs locaux dressent un constat des plus nuanc&eacute;s des strat&eacute;gies de sensibilisation actuellement employ&eacute;es sur leur territoire. Nous poursuivrons en cherchant &agrave; estimer leur fr&eacute;quence d&rsquo;exposition &agrave; des campagnes avant d&rsquo;identifier les axes de r&eacute;flexion qu&rsquo;ils consid&egrave;rent comme pertinents afin d&rsquo;accro&icirc;tre l&rsquo;efficacit&eacute; de leur dispositif d&rsquo;information et de communication. Enfin, nous terminerons par exposer les r&eacute;sultats de l&rsquo;enqu&ecirc;te men&eacute;e aupr&egrave;s des citoyens. Nous verrons &agrave; quel point leur connaissance du sujet peut r&eacute;server des surprises.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">v </span></span><b><span style="color:black">Des strat&eacute;gies de pr&eacute;vention &agrave; affirmer selon les acteurs locaux</span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Les acteurs locaux faisant partie du syst&egrave;me d&rsquo;information territorial port&eacute; par le syndicat Touraine Propre nous offrent une lecture particuli&egrave;rement critique de la situation actuelle. S&rsquo;ils s&rsquo;accordent tous pour reconna&icirc;tre que les campagnes encourageant au tri s&eacute;lectif sont fr&eacute;quentes et ont d&eacute;montr&eacute; leur efficacit&eacute;, ils se montrent beaucoup plus timor&eacute;s lorsqu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;&eacute;voquer celles d&eacute;di&eacute;es &agrave; la r&eacute;duction &agrave; la source. &laquo;&nbsp;<i>Ce qui est compliqu&eacute;, c&rsquo;est sortir des gestes de tri&nbsp;</i>&raquo;, rel&egrave;ve un universitaire. L&rsquo;intensit&eacute; concurrentielle des publicit&eacute;s incitant &agrave; la consommation est telle que d&rsquo;autres messages trouvent difficilement leur place. Un ancien &eacute;lu va jusqu&rsquo;&agrave; &eacute;voquer une &laquo;&nbsp;<i>intoxication consum&eacute;riste&nbsp;</i>&raquo; dans un monde o&ugrave; l&rsquo;on &laquo;&nbsp;<i>surconsomme le plastique&nbsp;</i>&raquo;. Selon un responsable associatif, la collectivit&eacute; pourrait malgr&eacute; tout avoir un v&eacute;ritable r&ocirc;le &agrave; jouer en participant &laquo;&nbsp;<i>&agrave; ringardiser certains produits&nbsp;</i>&raquo;, par d&eacute;finition peu soutenables.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Si l&rsquo;importance du recyclage n&rsquo;est pas remise en cause pas les participants, ils sont plusieurs &agrave; redouter un &eacute;ventuel effet boomerang. Le fondateur d&rsquo;une association pense qu&rsquo;il permet de &laquo;&nbsp;<i>se donner bonne conscience&nbsp;</i>&raquo;, sans pour autant chercher &agrave; s&rsquo;engager dans une d&eacute;marche plus ambitieuse. &laquo;&nbsp;<i>On part du principe qu&rsquo;&agrave; partir du moment o&ugrave; tu le mets dans la poubelle jaune, c&rsquo;est recycl&eacute;</i>&nbsp;&raquo;, poursuit un sociologue en faisant r&eacute;f&eacute;rence aux taux encore importants des erreurs de tri. Ce biais peut &ecirc;tre inculqu&eacute; d&egrave;s l&rsquo;enfance. De nombreux interrog&eacute;s affirment &ecirc;tre avant tout sensibilis&eacute;s par leur prog&eacute;niture. &laquo;&nbsp;<i>Ce sont les jeunes qui &eacute;duquent leurs parents sur la gestion des d&eacute;chets</i>&nbsp;&raquo;, constate une pr&eacute;sidente d&rsquo;association. Toutes les animations propos&eacute;es ne font cependant pas l&rsquo;unanimit&eacute;. Les collectes b&eacute;n&eacute;voles sont cit&eacute;es &agrave; plusieurs reprises. Une ing&eacute;nieure se montre acerbe &agrave; leur sujet. &laquo;&nbsp;<i>On est les meilleurs parce qu&rsquo;on a consomm&eacute; le plus de bouteilles plastiques [&hellip;] &ccedil;a a un c&ocirc;t&eacute; un peu g&ecirc;nant&nbsp;</i>&raquo;, pense-t-elle.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Au-del&agrave; du tri, les d&eacute;cideurs rencontr&eacute;s rel&egrave;vent des insuffisances. &laquo;&nbsp;<i>Au local, je ne suis pas s&ucirc;r que l&rsquo;on en fasse assez&nbsp;[&hellip;] et que l&rsquo;on touche &eacute;norm&eacute;ment de monde</i> &raquo;, pense un &eacute;lu. Les actions de pr&eacute;vention d&eacute;j&agrave; initi&eacute;es paraissent elles aussi souffrir d&rsquo;un manque de visibilit&eacute;. La distribution &ndash; la plus souvent gratuite &ndash; de composteurs individuels est fr&eacute;quemment cit&eacute;e en exemple. &laquo;&nbsp;<i>&Ccedil;a m&rsquo;arrive encore de croiser des gens qui n&rsquo;ont jamais entendu parler&nbsp;&laquo;&nbsp;z&eacute;ro d&eacute;chet&nbsp;</i>&raquo;, poursuit une b&eacute;n&eacute;vole engag&eacute;e dans la valorisation des biod&eacute;chets. Des avis qui sont contrebalanc&eacute;s par quelques participants qui se montrent plus optimistes en constatant que le sujet est devenu &eacute;pidermique. Un responsable politique veut y voir &laquo;&nbsp;<i>une prise de conscience plus grande&nbsp;</i>&raquo; de la part de la population qui fait en sorte que les &laquo;&nbsp;<i>campagnes de sensibilisation font mouche</i>&nbsp;&raquo;.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">v </span></span><b><span style="color:black">Une fr&eacute;quence d&rsquo;exposition difficilement &eacute;valuable</span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Lorsqu&rsquo;ils sont invit&eacute;s &agrave; estimer leur exposition &agrave; des campagnes de sensibilisation, les experts rencontr&eacute;s sont nombreux &agrave; r&eacute;pondre qu&rsquo;ils &laquo;&nbsp;<i>n&rsquo;en voient pas beaucoup&nbsp;</i>&raquo;. Si un universitaire rel&egrave;ve &laquo;&nbsp;<i>qu&rsquo;il y a une communication de plus en plus massive</i>&nbsp;&raquo; concernant la pr&eacute;vention des d&eacute;chets, la majorit&eacute; pense que le chemin &agrave; parcourir est encore long. &laquo;&nbsp;<i>En tant que collectivit&eacute;s, [&hellip;] on sait qu&rsquo;il y a beaucoup &agrave; faire&nbsp;</i>&raquo;, reconnait un technicien. A tel point, qu&rsquo;ils sont nombreux &agrave; ne pas &ecirc;tre en mesure d&rsquo;&eacute;valuer une fr&eacute;quence. &laquo;&nbsp;<i>Souvent, ce n&rsquo;est peut-&ecirc;tre pas le bon mot, mais c&rsquo;est quand m&ecirc;me assez fr&eacute;quent</i>&nbsp;&raquo;, explique un &eacute;lu. Malgr&eacute; la diversit&eacute; des r&eacute;ponses, un consensus fragile semble s&rsquo;esquisser autour de trois &agrave; quatre expositions par an.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">v </span></span><b><span style="color:black">Quels axes de r&eacute;flexion pour mieux sensibiliser&nbsp;?</span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Pass&eacute; ce premier constat, carte blanche a &eacute;t&eacute; laiss&eacute;e aux acteurs locaux afin qu&rsquo;ils puissent faire part de leur recommandation pour am&eacute;liorer les strat&eacute;gies de sensibilisation du territoire. Alors que les &eacute;changes pr&eacute;c&eacute;dents s&rsquo;&eacute;taient essentiellement int&eacute;ress&eacute;s &agrave; des campagnes visuelles, ils se concentrent &agrave; pr&eacute;sent sur la n&eacute;cessit&eacute; de favoriser le contact humain qui - selon un technicien - &laquo;&nbsp;<i>reste la meilleure source de communication&nbsp;</i>&raquo;. Cela devrait s&rsquo;effectuer dans le cadre d&rsquo;un ciblage pr&eacute;cis en rappelant des valeurs qui sont propres &agrave; la population identifi&eacute;e. &laquo;&nbsp;<i>Dans l&rsquo;habitat collectif, on va faire du porte-&agrave;-porte&nbsp;</i>&raquo;, pr&eacute;conise un ancien &eacute;lu. En d&rsquo;autres termes, &laquo; <i>aller l&agrave; o&ugrave; l&rsquo;on ne nous attend pas&nbsp;</i>&raquo;, r&eacute;sume une responsable en collectivit&eacute;. Quitte &agrave; &ecirc;tre pr&eacute;sent dans des lieux inusit&eacute;s. Un directeur souhaiterait par exemple que ces initiatives se multiplient dans les &laquo;&nbsp;<i>temples de la consommation&nbsp;</i>&raquo; que sont les grandes surfaces commerciales.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Cela ne dispenserait pas les communicants de continuer &agrave; investir d&rsquo;autres supports. &laquo;&nbsp;<i>Je pense que c&rsquo;est tr&egrave;s important d&rsquo;avoir plusieurs canaux de communication</i>&nbsp;&raquo;, expose un enseignant.&nbsp; Le papier conserve la faveur de bon nombre de professionnels interview&eacute;s, mais le num&eacute;rique &ndash; notamment via les r&eacute;seaux sociaux - semble se tailler la part du lion. &laquo;&nbsp;<i>Il faut aller sur TikTok&nbsp;!</i>&nbsp;&raquo;, s&rsquo;exclame la fondatrice d&rsquo;une association. Quelle que soit la plateforme, des publications courtes seraient &agrave; privil&eacute;gier dans une &laquo;&nbsp;<i>soci&eacute;t&eacute; de l&rsquo;imm&eacute;diatet&eacute;&nbsp;</i>&raquo; o&ugrave; &laquo;&nbsp;<i>les gens ne prennent plus le temps de lire&nbsp;</i>&raquo;.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Si les moyens &agrave; mettre en &oelig;uvre ne semblent pas faire l&rsquo;objet de d&eacute;bats aupr&egrave;s de notre panel, le contenu des messages &agrave; d&eacute;livrer divise. La majorit&eacute; des personnes interrog&eacute;es souhaiterait voir la sensibilisation mettre davantage l&rsquo;accent sur l&rsquo;effort partag&eacute; entre tous les acteurs, des citoyens aux entreprises en passant par l&rsquo;administration. &laquo;&nbsp;<i>Nous avons tous un r&ocirc;le &agrave; jouer&nbsp;</i>&raquo;, rappelle un responsable politique. D&rsquo;autres se montrent plus incisifs. &laquo;&nbsp;<i>Je pense qu&rsquo;il faut vraiment attaquer les producteurs</i>&nbsp;&raquo;, indique un sociologue. &laquo;&nbsp;<i>[En tant que citoyenne], je ne peux pas me sentir aussi responsable qu&rsquo;un fabricant de plastiques</i>&nbsp;&raquo;, poursuit une de ses coll&egrave;gues. Quoi qu&rsquo;il en soit, tous appellent de leurs v&oelig;ux &agrave; davantage de concret. Sont cit&eacute;s p&ecirc;le-m&ecirc;le l&rsquo;explication des avantages pratiques et &eacute;conomiques pour les habitants ou la mise en abime d&rsquo;objets r&eacute;alis&eacute;s &agrave; partir de mati&egrave;res r&eacute;employ&eacute;es. &laquo;&nbsp;<i>Il faut mettre plus en sc&egrave;ne le quotidien </i>&raquo;, affirme un charg&eacute; de projet.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">La sensibilisation est loin de s&rsquo;arr&ecirc;ter &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;cosyst&egrave;me du d&eacute;chet. Tous paraissent avoir en t&ecirc;te d&rsquo;autres campagnes, notamment celles en lien avec la lutte contre le tabagisme. Des images marquantes sont souvent employ&eacute;es &agrave; cette fin. L&agrave; encore, cette strat&eacute;gie ne fait pas l&rsquo;unanimit&eacute;. En sugg&eacute;rant &laquo;&nbsp;<i>d&rsquo;interpeller sans choquer&nbsp;</i>&raquo;, une salari&eacute;e affirme que les visuels sur les paquets de cigarettes &laquo;&nbsp;<i>n&rsquo;ont rien chang&eacute;&nbsp;</i>&raquo;. Une universitaire acquiesce et pense qu&rsquo;il &laquo;&nbsp;<i>ne faut pas choquer pour culpabiliser, car &ccedil;a peut &ecirc;tre contre-productif&nbsp;</i>&raquo;. A rebours de ces opinions, d&rsquo;autres d&eacute;fendant la n&eacute;cessit&eacute; de marquer les esprits. &laquo;&nbsp;<i>Je trouve que celles qui impactent le plus et que tu retiens, c&rsquo;est celles qui sont hardcore&nbsp;[&hellip;] je pr&eacute;f&egrave;rerais qu&rsquo;on nous fasse du trash, histoire que &ccedil;a rentre un peu dans les consciences</i> &raquo;, expose v&eacute;h&eacute;ment le cofondateur d&rsquo;une association. Au risque d&rsquo;une banalisation&nbsp;? &laquo;&nbsp;<i>Au bout d&rsquo;un moment, les images-chocs, peut-&ecirc;tre qu&rsquo;on en a marre&nbsp;</i>&raquo;, nuance un autre participant.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Une technicienne ayant r&eacute;cemment particip&eacute; &agrave; un atelier &laquo;&nbsp;la fresque du climat&nbsp;&raquo; pr&eacute;cise qu&rsquo;il faut &laquo;&nbsp;<i>toujours tout remettre dans son contexte</i> &raquo;. Une ing&eacute;nieure la rejoint sur ce point. &nbsp;&laquo;&nbsp;<i>Il faut faire comprendre, au bout du bout, quel est vraiment le probl&egrave;me du d&eacute;chet, et le probl&egrave;me du d&eacute;chet, c&rsquo;est quand m&ecirc;me celui du r&eacute;chauffement climatique&nbsp;</i>&raquo;. Un constat factuel qui peine &agrave; se traduire concr&egrave;tement. A contrario, un sp&eacute;cialiste des campagnes de sensibilisation conseille de &laquo;&nbsp;<i>ne pas trop parler environnement&nbsp;</i>&raquo;, car &laquo;&nbsp;<i>&ccedil;a ne prend pas&nbsp;</i>&raquo; aupr&egrave;s du grand public. L&rsquo;une des cl&eacute;s pour y parvenir pourrait potentiellement &ecirc;tre l&rsquo;emploi du second degr&eacute;. &laquo;&nbsp;<i>On est sur un sujet assez lourd [&hellip;] quelque chose d&rsquo;un peu d&eacute;cal&eacute;, un peu humoristique, &ccedil;a touche</i> &raquo; &eacute;met comme hypoth&egrave;se un directeur.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">L&rsquo;aspect esth&eacute;tique &ndash; peu abord&eacute; lors de ces &eacute;changes &ndash; pourrait &eacute;galement avoir un r&ocirc;le &agrave; jouer. Une chercheuse invite &agrave; imaginer des campagnes &laquo;&nbsp;<i>attractives avec un soin apport&eacute; aux couleurs</i>&nbsp;&raquo;. Un de ses confr&egrave;res plaide pour une &laquo;&nbsp;<i>sensibilisation qui affiche le fait qu&rsquo;il y a un plan de pr&eacute;vention &agrave; Tours, que les acteurs sont mobilis&eacute;s</i>&nbsp;&raquo;. Une proposition inapplicable en l&rsquo;&eacute;tat puisque ce document n&rsquo;a jamais &eacute;t&eacute; formalis&eacute; par les collectivit&eacute;s tourangelles, bien qu&rsquo;il soit obligatoire depuis le 1<sup>er</sup> janvier 2012<a href="#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="text-decoration:underline" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a>. &laquo;&nbsp;<i>Il ne faut pas qu&rsquo;une image cache le non-courage politique de prendre des mesures vraiment fortes&nbsp;</i>&raquo;, conclut une ing&eacute;nieure.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">v </span></span><b><span style="color:black">Selon les citoyens, l&rsquo;incin&eacute;ration plus pratiqu&eacute;e que l&rsquo;enfouissement </span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">&laquo;&nbsp;<i>Je pense que la fa&ccedil;on dont fonctionne le syst&egrave;me &laquo;&nbsp;d&eacute;chet&nbsp;&raquo; localement n&rsquo;est pas tr&egrave;s connue&nbsp;</i>&raquo;. En faisant ce constat, ce responsable politique entrouvrait la voie aux r&eacute;sultats de l&rsquo;enqu&ecirc;te compl&eacute;t&eacute;e par 186 citoyens &agrave; l&rsquo;occasion de stands de sensibilisation. Ils &eacute;taient invit&eacute;s &agrave; estimer la part de chaque solution employ&eacute;e sur leur territoire pour traiter leurs ordures m&eacute;nag&egrave;res. Si certains EPCI se sont aujourd&rsquo;hui int&eacute;gralement tourn&eacute;s vers l&rsquo;incin&eacute;ration (SMICTOM d&rsquo;Amboise et du Chinonais), le recours &agrave; l&rsquo;enfouissement demeure majoritaire &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;chelle du d&eacute;partement d&rsquo;Indre-et-Loire (tableau 4).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="color:black">Tableau 4 : r&eacute;paration des modes de traitement des ordures m&eacute;nag&egrave;res r&eacute;siduelles (OMR) en Indre-et-Loire (2021)</span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:106px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:19px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="color:black">Sites</span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:99px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:19px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="color:black">Typologie</span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:121px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:19px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="color:black">Tonnages apport&eacute;s</span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:57px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:19px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="color:black">Total</span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:70px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:19px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="color:black">Ventilation</span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:106px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Chanceaux-pr&egrave;s-Loches (37)</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:99px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center">&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Enfouissement</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:121px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">13 400 t</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:57px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">93 400 t</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:70px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">70%</span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:106px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:20px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Sonzay (37)</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:121px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:20px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">80 000 t</span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:106px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Blois (41)</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:99px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Incin&eacute;ration</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:121px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">19 700 t</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:57px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">40 050 t</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:70px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">30%</span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:106px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Lasse (49)</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:121px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">4 350 t</span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:106px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Saint-Beno&icirc;t-la-For&ecirc;t (37)</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:121px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">16 000 t</span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p align="right" style="text-align:right"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><i><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Source&nbsp;: Touraine Propre, 2022</span></span></span></i></span></span></span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">La majorit&eacute; des r&eacute;ponses recueillie se concentre sur deux intercommunalit&eacute;s&nbsp;: Tours M&eacute;tropole Val de Loire (98 r&eacute;pondants) et G&acirc;tine Racan (16 r&eacute;pondants). Nous avons donc choisi de nous int&eacute;resser exclusivement &agrave; ces r&eacute;sultats. De plus, ces territoires ont pour point commun d&rsquo;enfouir l&rsquo;int&eacute;gralit&eacute; du contenu de la poubelle noire de leurs habitants.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Fait notable, l&rsquo;estimation r&eacute;alis&eacute;e par les citoyens volontaires diff&egrave;re grandement de la r&eacute;alit&eacute; observ&eacute;e sur le terrain. Pour Tours M&eacute;tropole Val de Loire (tableau 5), ils pensent en moyenne que 47,6% de leurs d&eacute;chets sont incin&eacute;r&eacute;s alors que ce chiffre est actuellement de 0%. Toujours selon eux, l&rsquo;enfouissement repr&eacute;senterait 49,4% de la part totale. Il s&rsquo;agit pourtant du mode de traitement unique et par cons&eacute;quent majoritaire de cet EPCI. La somme de certaines r&eacute;ponses n&rsquo;ayant pas &eacute;t&eacute; de 100%, un &eacute;cart de 3% est observable dans le total.</span></span></span></span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="color:black">Tableau 5 : estimation des citoyens pour Tours M&eacute;tropole Val de Loire </span></b><b><span style="font-size:6.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">(98 r&eacute;pondants)</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Situation actuelle&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Situation projet&eacute;e par les r&eacute;pondants</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:91px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:18px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Enfouissement</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:91px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:18px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">100%</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:none; width:97px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:18px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p>&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:84px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:18px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Enfouissement</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:91px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:18px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">49,4%</span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:91px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Incin&eacute;ration</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:91px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">0%</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:none; width:97px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p>&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:84px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Incin&eacute;ration</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:91px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">47,6%</span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:91px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="color:black">Total</span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:91px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="color:black">100%</span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:none; width:97px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p>&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:84px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="color:black">Total</span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:91px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="color:black">97%</span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Les donn&eacute;es pour les citoyens de la communaut&eacute; de communes G&acirc;tine Racan sont tr&egrave;s proches (tableau 6). Seule diff&eacute;rence, l&rsquo;enfouissement y est l&eacute;g&egrave;rement plus repr&eacute;sent&eacute; (55%) que pour Tours M&eacute;tropole Val de Loire, tout en restant largement sous-&eacute;valu&eacute; par rapport aux pratiques actuelles (100%). Cela pourrait s&rsquo;expliquer par la pr&eacute;sence m&ecirc;me au sein de ce territoire d&rsquo;un des deux centres de stockage du d&eacute;partement, dans la commune de Sonzay. L&rsquo;incin&eacute;ration est quant &agrave; elle estim&eacute;e &agrave; hauteur de 45,7% alors qu&rsquo;aucun d&eacute;chet de ce territoire n&rsquo;est envoy&eacute; &agrave; la cr&eacute;mation.</span></span></span></span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="color:black">Tableau 6 &ndash; estimation des citoyens pour la communaut&eacute; de communes G&acirc;tine Racan </span></b><b><span style="font-size:6.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">(16 r&eacute;pondants)</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">Situation actuelle&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Situation projet&eacute;e par les r&eacute;pondants</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:91px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:18px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Enfouissement</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:91px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:18px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">100%</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:none; width:97px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:18px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p>&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:84px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:18px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Enfouissement</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:91px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:18px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">55%</span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:91px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Incin&eacute;ration</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:91px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">0%</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:none; width:97px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p>&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:84px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Incin&eacute;ration</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:91px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">45,7%</span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:91px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="color:black">Total</span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:91px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="color:black">100%</span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:none; width:97px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p>&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:84px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="color:black">Total</span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:91px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="color:black">100,7%</span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <div style="page-break-after: always"><span style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span></div> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">DISCUSSION ET CONCLUSION</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">v </span></span><b><span style="color:black">Discussion des r&eacute;sultats</span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">La r&eacute;alisation de 35 entretiens semi-directifs aupr&egrave;s d&rsquo;un panel d&rsquo;experts vari&eacute;s nous a permis d&rsquo;appr&eacute;hender pleinement les relations qui s&rsquo;exercent au sein de l&rsquo;&eacute;cosyst&egrave;me du d&eacute;chet sur ce territoire. Nous constatons l&rsquo;existence d&rsquo;un syst&egrave;me d&rsquo;information territorial efficient qui met d&eacute;j&agrave; en relation des acteurs aux profils vari&eacute;s&nbsp;: techniciens, politiques, universitaires&hellip; Comme l&rsquo;ont d&eacute;j&agrave; observ&eacute; Cirelli et Maccaglia (2021), les associations jouent &eacute;galement pleinement leur r&ocirc;le d&rsquo;animation de la soci&eacute;t&eacute; locale sous la forme d&rsquo;une micropolitique de l&rsquo;engagement. La dynamique initi&eacute;e il y a une vingtaine d&rsquo;ann&eacute;es autour du recyclage en est sans doute la meilleure illustration. Elle n&rsquo;est cependant pas suffisante et ses effets pervers &ndash; d&eacute;j&agrave; identifi&eacute;s par Hong (1999) &agrave; ses d&eacute;buts &ndash; n&rsquo;ont jamais &eacute;t&eacute; autant d&rsquo;actualit&eacute;.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Le dispositif &eacute;tudi&eacute; poss&egrave;de donc certaines limites qui ont &eacute;t&eacute; mises en exergue par les acteurs locaux rencontr&eacute;s. Qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agisse d&rsquo;un manque de moyens financiers ou de portage politique, la pr&eacute;vention ne semble pas encore dispos&eacute;e de l&rsquo;ensemble des pr&eacute;requis pour engager la Touraine dans une strat&eacute;gie de sensibilisation ambitieuse. Ces freins sont aujourd&rsquo;hui </span><span style="color:#4472c4">abondamment </span><span style="color:black">document&eacute;s par la litt&eacute;rature, bien que cela soit peu appliqu&eacute; au contexte sp&eacute;cifique de la r&eacute;duction &agrave; la source. La crainte d&rsquo;un <i>burn-out</i> communicationnel (Marcon, 2013) est clairement &eacute;voqu&eacute;e lorsque des responsables associatifs reconnaissent que &laquo;&nbsp;<i>trop d&rsquo;affichage tue l&rsquo;affichage</i>&nbsp;&raquo; en regrettant &laquo;&nbsp;<i>&ecirc;tre noy&eacute; dans la communication&nbsp;</i>&raquo;. Comme cela a d&eacute;j&agrave; &eacute;t&eacute; le cas auparavant pour d&rsquo;autres sujets environnementaux (Saffache et Moutamalle, 2006), le risque de banalisation est r&eacute;el.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Bien qu&rsquo;ils partagent des objectifs proches, nous remarquons que de vifs d&eacute;bats animent les membres de cet &eacute;cosyst&egrave;me. Ils font directement &eacute;cho &agrave; ceux observ&eacute;s au sein de la communaut&eacute; scientifique. Le r&ocirc;le des &eacute;motions dans les campagnes de sensibilisation a &eacute;t&eacute; fr&eacute;quemment abord&eacute;. Faut-il coupler les messages d&eacute;livr&eacute;s &agrave; une logique d&rsquo;efficacit&eacute; comme le sugg&egrave;rent Tannenbaum <i>et al.</i> (2015)&nbsp;? Est-il pr&eacute;f&eacute;rable de recourir &agrave; la peur&nbsp;? Une strat&eacute;gie d&eacute;j&agrave; massivement employ&eacute;e en politique et en sant&eacute; publique (O&rsquo;Neill et Nicholson-Cole, 2009). Aucun consensus net ne semble se d&eacute;gager et il se pourrait bien qu&rsquo;aucune solution universelle n&rsquo;existe. L&rsquo;adaptation au contexte local para&icirc;t &ecirc;tre ici pr&eacute;f&eacute;rable.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">&laquo;&nbsp;<i>Je pense qu&rsquo;il n&rsquo;y a pas assez de campagnes [&hellip;] sur le devenir des d&eacute;chets&nbsp;</i>&raquo;. Les affirmations de certains experts rencontr&eacute;s viennent corroborer les r&eacute;sultats de l&rsquo;enqu&ecirc;te organis&eacute;e aupr&egrave;s des citoyens. Avec une sous-estimation du recours &agrave; l&rsquo;enfouissement d&rsquo;environ 50% par rapport &agrave; la r&eacute;alit&eacute; et une sur&eacute;valuation de l&rsquo;incin&eacute;ration du m&ecirc;me ordre, nous ne pouvons que constater une m&eacute;connaissance flagrante du devenir de leur poubelle noire par les habitants des deux territoires &eacute;tudi&eacute;s. Il s&rsquo;agit l&agrave; de l&rsquo;un des grands enseignements de cette recherche. L&rsquo;illusion d&rsquo;une soci&eacute;t&eacute; lib&eacute;r&eacute;e de ses restes (Monsaingeon, 2017) continue d&rsquo;&ecirc;tre entretenue et est susceptible de nuire &agrave; toute vell&eacute;it&eacute; de r&eacute;duction. Le stockage des d&eacute;chets &ndash; comme dans les d&eacute;charges municipales en leur temps &ndash; semble &ecirc;tre une pratique d&eacute;pass&eacute;e pour les r&eacute;pondants.&nbsp; Il est pourtant encore massivement pratiqu&eacute; et lib&egrave;re d&rsquo;importantes quantit&eacute;s de m&eacute;thane dont le pouvoir de r&eacute;chauffement est 21 fois sup&eacute;rieur &agrave; celui du dioxyde de carbone (Blain et Fries, 2009). Ces estimations viennent accr&eacute;diter les observations formul&eacute;es par les professionnels. &laquo;&nbsp;<i>Ce qu&rsquo;il nous manque, en collectivit&eacute;, c&rsquo;est vraiment faire conna&icirc;tre et vulgariser ce qui se passe apr&egrave;s la collecte</i>&nbsp;&raquo;, expose une technicienne qui rappelle aussi que le secret professionnel des industriels rend la t&acirc;che souvent ardue. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">v </span></span><b><span style="color:black">Limites</span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Cette recherche constitue une premi&egrave;re approche d&rsquo;un sujet qui m&eacute;rite d&rsquo;&ecirc;tre plus amplement document&eacute;. Elle induit certaines limites. Si un point de saturation empirique a &eacute;t&eacute; atteint lors de la r&eacute;alisation du 35<sup>e</sup> entretien, il est important de rappeler qu&rsquo;en situation d&rsquo;auto&eacute;valuation, les individus pr&eacute;sentent des niveaux d&rsquo;attitude pro-environnementaux plus &eacute;lev&eacute;s qu&rsquo;en situation standard (F&eacute;lonneau et Becker, 2008). Le m&ecirc;me constat s&rsquo;applique &agrave; l&rsquo;enqu&ecirc;te r&eacute;alis&eacute;e aupr&egrave;s de 186 citoyens. S&rsquo;agissant d&rsquo;un &eacute;chantillon relativement faible, il a pour unique pr&eacute;tention d&rsquo;&ecirc;tre repr&eacute;sentatif des habitants venus &agrave; la rencontre du syndicat Touraine Propre sur des stands de pr&eacute;vention et ayant accept&eacute; d&rsquo;y r&eacute;pondre. S&rsquo;agissant d&rsquo;un public a priori d&eacute;j&agrave; sensibilis&eacute; ou tout du moins int&eacute;ress&eacute; par le sujet, nous &eacute;mettons l&rsquo;hypoth&egrave;se qu&rsquo;une &eacute;tude plus large &eacute;taye et documente encore davantage la m&eacute;connaissance des citoyens envers les solutions de traitement de leur territoire. Elle devra cependant encore &ecirc;tre men&eacute;e.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="font-family:Wingdings"><span style="color:black">v </span></span><b><span style="color:black">Conclusion </span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">A la lumi&egrave;re de cette analyse, nous sommes en mesure de v&eacute;rifier nos deux propositions de recherche formul&eacute;es pr&eacute;c&eacute;demment. Les acteurs locaux de l&rsquo;&eacute;cosyst&egrave;me du d&eacute;chet sont en effet engag&eacute;s dans une strat&eacute;gie de sensibilisation &agrave; la r&eacute;duction &agrave; la source, mais elle demeure perfectible de leur propre aveu. Plusieurs axes de r&eacute;flexion ont &eacute;t&eacute; identifi&eacute;s pour y parvenir. Il n&rsquo;est pas possible d&rsquo;en dire autant &agrave; propos des citoyens int&eacute;ress&eacute;s par le sujet. En effet, ils semblent disposer d&rsquo;un niveau d&rsquo;acculturation insuffisant. Ils m&eacute;connaissent la r&eacute;partition des modes de traitement pour leurs ordures m&eacute;nag&egrave;res et par cons&eacute;quent toute la probl&eacute;matique de gestion des d&eacute;chets &agrave; laquelle leur territoire&nbsp;est confront&eacute; avec la fin progressive de l&rsquo;enfouissement et la hausse induite des co&ucirc;ts.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Dans ce contexte, il para&icirc;t de plus en plus difficile de continuer &agrave; entretenir l&rsquo;id&eacute;e que l&rsquo;&eacute;cologie passe uniquement par des petits gestes du quotidien (Cirelli et Maccaglia, 2021) &agrave; l&rsquo;instar du recyclage. Montrer les coulisses de l&rsquo;&eacute;cosyst&egrave;me du d&eacute;chet pourrait constituer une piste int&eacute;ressante afin de renouveler les strat&eacute;gies de sensibilisation actuelles. Cela permettrait ainsi d&rsquo;apporter une r&eacute;ponse concr&egrave;te au manque d&rsquo;informations dont font l&rsquo;objet les habitants du territoire tout en d&eacute;clenchant une prise de conscience susceptible dans les engager davantage dans la r&eacute;duction de leurs d&eacute;chets. Une proposition &eacute;galement &eacute;voqu&eacute;e par un responsable politique. &laquo;&nbsp;<i>On peut aller &agrave; l&rsquo;exc&egrave;s inverse en montrant ce qui se passerait si ce n&rsquo;&eacute;tait pas tri&eacute;, avec des montagnes d&rsquo;ordures</i>&nbsp;&raquo;. Et une experte de conclure. &laquo;&nbsp;<i>Quelle que soit la solution de traitement, de toute fa&ccedil;on, &ccedil;a va contribuer d&rsquo;une fa&ccedil;on ou d&rsquo;une autre au r&eacute;chauffement climatique</i>&nbsp;&raquo;.</span></span></span></span></p> <div style="page-break-after: always"><span style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span></div> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">BIBLIOGRAPHIE</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="color:black">Almeida, N. d&rsquo;, Libaert, T. &amp; Tremblay, S. 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Bloomsbury.</span></span></span></p> <div>&nbsp; <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="text-decoration:underline" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt"> Denis, P. (2021). Ordures m&eacute;nag&egrave;res en Touraine : chronique d&rsquo;un &quot;tsunami fiscal&quot; annonc&eacute;. <i>La Nouvelle R&eacute;publique</i>. 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Consult&eacute; le 21 octobre 2022, &agrave; l&#39;adresse </span><a href="https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000043974936/" style="text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-size:9.0pt">https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000043974936/</span></a> </span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn3"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><a href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="text-decoration:underline" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt"> Collet, O. (2022). La Touraine pourrait &ndash; enfin &ndash; r&eacute;soudre son gros probl&egrave;me de d&eacute;chets. <i>37&deg;</i>. Consult&eacute; le 21 octobre 2022, &agrave; l&#39;adresse </span><a href="https://www.37degres-mag.fr/politique/la-touraine-pourrait-enfin-resoudre-son-gros-probleme-de-dechets/" style="text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-size:9.0pt">https://www.37degres-mag.fr/politique/la-touraine-pourrait-enfin-resoudre-son-gros-probleme-de-dechets/</span></a> </span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn4"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><a href="#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="text-decoration:underline" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt"> Voyage au c&oelig;ur de nos poubelles (2022). <i>Voyage au c&oelig;ur de nos poubelles &ndash; Tours &ndash; Jardin Botanique &ndash; du 13 mai au 16 juillet 2022</i>. Consult&eacute; le 2 novembre 2022, &agrave; l&rsquo;adresse </span><a href="http://voyage-au-coeur-de-nos-poubelles.org/" style="text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-size:9.0pt">http://voyage-au-coeur-de-nos-poubelles.org/</span></a> </span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn5"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><a href="#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="text-decoration:underline" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt"> L&eacute;gifrance (2022). <i>Article L541-15-1 - Code de l&#39;environnement</i>. Consult&eacute; le 28 octobre 2022, &agrave; l&#39;adresse </span><a href="https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000022496455" style="text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-size:9.0pt">https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000022496455</span></a> </span></span></p> </div> </div>