<p>Résumé</p>
<p class="p1a" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">L’intelligence artificielle est une expression fourre-tout, qui suscite autant d’espoirs que de craintes. Cette expression est présente dans les médias, les conférences, les conversations, mais aussi les appels à projets des institutions de recherche et de diverses associations. Les enjeux de la présence de l’IA dans nos différentes activités (enseignement, production médiatique, prise de décision, dans le domaine juridique ou bien médical) restent cependant à découvrir. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:0cm; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">La polémique autour de ChatGPT, l'outil public développé par OpenAI, a fait éclater le débat autour de l'utilisation, de manière générale, de l'intelligence artificielle dans toutes les activités intellectuelles. ChatGPT a été salué pour sa capacité à comprendre le langage naturel et à générer des réponses de type humain, mais il a également soulevé des inquiétudes. Ces préoccupations pointent généralement les implications éthiques, la reproduction de contenus préjudiciables, des violations de la vie privée, des données de formation biaisées. <br />
Dans l'espace public roumain, le débat autour de ChatGPT a été principalement centré sur ses capacités de divertissement ainsi que à propos des préoccupations concernant son utilisation non éthique dans un contexte universitaire.<br />
En France, les débats récents concernant les derniers instruments en date de l’Intelligence Artificielle, les algorithmes conversationnels de type ChatGPT, concernent également les questions éthiques et les enjeux de leurs applications dans le domaine de l’enseignement et des médias. Sont également interrogés les modèles “artificiels” de construction du langage utilisés par ces logiciels et, ainsi, leur rapport à l’action et à la politique. <br />
Le terme « intelligence artificielle » (IA) date de 1956, mais il a connu un vrai essor de nos jours. Certaines définitions de l'IA la décrivent comme "la capacité des machines à effectuer des tâches qui nécessitent généralement une compréhension de type humain" (Knowledge & Wharton, 2018) ou "une application sophistiquée de la technologie par laquelle une machine démontre des fonctions cognitives humaines telles que l'apprentissage, l'analyse et la résolution de problèmes" (Valin, 2018). </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:0cm; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Les titres dédiés par certaines revues scientifiques françaises au phénomène en disent déjà beaucoup sur la perception de l’émergence de l’IA y compris dans le milieu scientifique : « Contrôler l’intelligence artificielle? » (revue Réseaux, 2022), « Faut-il craindre l’intelligence artificielle (Alternatives économiques, 2021), « L’Intelligence artificielle : raison et magie » (Quaderni, 2021/2022).<br />
En analysant comment le statut social de l’IA est construit dans le débat public, Bran et al. (2023) identifient une variété de positions discursives, de l’IA comme collègue de travail compétent et créatif jusqu’à l’IA comme un outil qui re-combine des informations d’une manière qui n’est pas intelligente ou même comme un magicien créatif. Souvent, dans le discours des médias sur l’IA il y a un vocabulaire contradictoire, on perçoit l’IA soit comme créatif, soit comme purement imitatif, parfois compétent, mais aussi souvent incompétent (Bran et al., 2023).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<ol>
<li class="heading1" style="margin-left:8px; text-align:justify; margin-top:35px; margin-bottom:19px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="font-weight:bold">Objectifs et méthodologie</span></span></span></li>
</ol>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:0cm; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-bottom:8px"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="line-height:12.666666px"><span lang="FR" style="color:black">Nous nous proposons d’identifier la représentation de l’intelligence artificielle dans les médias roumains et français, en utilisant une grille d’analyse de discours qui identifie les cadrages dominants dans le discours public à propos de l’IA qui sera appliquée sur un corpus d’articles de presse des deux pays afin de réaliser une approche comparative. Nous suivrons </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="heading1" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-top:35px; margin-bottom:19px"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="break-after:avoid"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">4. Résultats et discussion</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="heading2" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-top:29px; margin-bottom:15px"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="break-after:avoid"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="FR" style="font-weight:normal">Nous pourrons également déterminer les caractéristiques du discours public développé dans les deux pays autour de l’IA dans le domaine académique. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:11.35pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"> </p>
<p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:0cm; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><b>Remerciements.</b> Le projet de recherche L’impact de l’intelligence artificielle (IA) sur les pratiques professionnelles dans l’enseignement universitaire de communication et médias (IACOM)<br />
bénéficie du soutien financier de l’Agence universitare de la Francophonie dans le cadre de l’“Appel à projets 2023 - Soutien aux Equipes de recherche en Europe Centrale et Orientale – SER-ECO”</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:0cm; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"> </p>
<p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:0cm; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Références</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="reference" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:0cm; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"> </p>
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