<p>R&eacute;sum&eacute;</p> <p class="Textbody" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:36pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:22px"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black">S&eacute;n&eacute;gal est confront&eacute; aujourd&rsquo;hui &agrave; la saturation des effectifs dans l&rsquo;enseignement sup&eacute;rieur. &Agrave; tire d&rsquo;exemple, l&rsquo;Universit&eacute; Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (UCAD) compte plus de quatre-vingt mille (80&nbsp;000) &eacute;tudiants alors que sa capacit&eacute; d&rsquo;accueil est de seulement dix mille (10&nbsp;000) &eacute;tudiants. Chaque ann&eacute;e, plus 20&nbsp;000 nouveaux bacheliers souhaitent &ecirc;tre orient&eacute;s &agrave; l&rsquo;Universit&eacute; de Dakar. Entre autres solutions, l&rsquo;&Eacute;tat s&eacute;n&eacute;galais avait choisi d&rsquo;orienter des nouveaux bacheliers dans des &eacute;coles et universit&eacute;s priv&eacute;es apr&egrave;s avoir mis en place une Universit&eacute; virtuelle d&eacute;nomm&eacute;e (UVS) qui compte en 2020 plus de 22&nbsp;000 &eacute;tudiants, se pla&ccedil;ant ainsi au rang de deuxi&egrave;me universit&eacute; du S&eacute;n&eacute;gal derri&egrave;re l&rsquo;UCAD, en termes d&rsquo;effectifs. La formation &agrave; distance exp&eacute;riment&eacute;e &agrave; l&rsquo;Universit&eacute; virtuelle du S&eacute;n&eacute;gal (UVS), et pratiqu&eacute;e &agrave; l&rsquo;&Eacute;cole de Biblioth&eacute;caires Archivistes et Documentaliste (EBAD) depuis l&rsquo;ann&eacute;e&nbsp;2000, est aujourd&rsquo;hui vue, comme &eacute;tant un palliatif voire une panac&eacute;e aux probl&egrave;mes des effectifs des universit&eacute;s s&eacute;n&eacute;galaises. &Agrave; ce titre l&rsquo;EBAD est toujours cit&eacute;e en exemple par le rectorat de l&rsquo;UCAD et son mod&egrave;le se pr&eacute;sente aujourd&rsquo;hui comme &eacute;tant un exemple &agrave; suivre.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="Textbody" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:28.8pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:22px"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black">D&eacute;marr&eacute;e en 2000 sous l&rsquo;appellation de Formation continue en Information informatis&eacute;e en R&eacute;seau (FORCIIR), la FOAD &agrave; l&rsquo;EBAD a pendant longtemps &eacute;t&eacute; consid&eacute;r&eacute;e comme un mod&egrave;le innovant en Afrique.&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="Textbody" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:22px"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black">En vingt ans (2000-2020), mille deux cent cinquante-six (1256) apprenants de 28 nationalit&eacute;s ont &eacute;t&eacute; inscrits en formation &agrave; distance &agrave; l&rsquo;EBAD.&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="Textbody" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p class="Textbody" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:22px"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black">Notre &eacute;tude porte cependant sur 889 &eacute;tudiants inscrits en ann&eacute;e de sortie (L3 et M2) durant la d&eacute;cennie 2006 &ndash; 2016. Le choix de cette d&eacute;cennie est motiv&eacute; par le fait qu&rsquo;en 2016, tous les partenaires ext&eacute;rieurs qui ont soutenu le projet se sont retir&eacute;s et que l&rsquo;EBAD a pu p&eacute;renniser la FADIS avec ses propres ressources.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="Textbody" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p class="Textbody" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:22px"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black">Cette &eacute;tude n&rsquo;a pas la pr&eacute;tention de motiver une prise de d&eacute;cision quant &agrave; l&rsquo;int&eacute;r&ecirc;t de maintenir ou non la FOAD de l&rsquo;EBAD. Son objectif est bien diff&eacute;rent&nbsp;; il vise &agrave; analyser un dispositif de formation &agrave; distance en sciences de l&rsquo;information tr&egrave;s innovant &agrave; ses d&eacute;buts (2000), mais qui, dix-neuf ans apr&egrave;s (2020), malgr&eacute; les &eacute;volutions technologiques et celles des m&eacute;thodes p&eacute;dagogiques d&rsquo;enseignement apprentissage n&rsquo;a pas connu de changements majeurs.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="Textbody" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:22px"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black">Le &laquo;&nbsp;mod&egrave;le &eacute;badien&nbsp;&raquo; r&eacute;pond-il encore aux objectifs fix&eacute;s par les apprenants et aux nouvelles attentes et exigences li&eacute;es aux m&eacute;tiers des sciences de l&rsquo;information documentaire ? Aussi &agrave; l&rsquo;heure o&ugrave; l&rsquo;EBAD semble &ecirc;tre un mod&egrave;le de r&eacute;ussite en Afrique, il serait utile de se demander si la FADIS est reproductible. Autant de questions que soul&egrave;ve la probl&eacute;matique de la formation &agrave; distance en science de l&rsquo;information Afrique.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="Textbody" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p class="Textbody" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:22px"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black">Nous formulons l&rsquo;hypoth&egrave;se que la FADIS de l&rsquo;EBAD n&rsquo;est pas reproductible en l&rsquo;&eacute;tat au point d&rsquo;&ecirc;tre cit&eacute; &agrave; l&rsquo;UCAD pour r&eacute;gler la question des effectifs pl&eacute;thoriques et qu&rsquo;il convient d&rsquo;en analyser le dispositif p&eacute;dagogique pour pouvoir appr&eacute;cier le niveau de satisfaction des apprenants, les effets induits et la reproductibilit&eacute;.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="Textbody" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black">La premi&egrave;re partie de notre &eacute;tude est une introduction qui pr&eacute;sente le contexte de la FOAD au S&eacute;n&eacute;gal et &agrave; l&rsquo;EBAD, la deuxi&egrave;me partie est consacr&eacute;e au cadre th&eacute;orique et conceptuel (l&rsquo;&eacute;valuation), la troisi&egrave;me partie &agrave; l&rsquo;approche m&eacute;thodologique et la quatri&egrave;me partie pr&eacute;sente et analyse les r&eacute;sultats de l&rsquo;&eacute;tude. Elle est suivie d&rsquo;une interrogation sur la reproductibilit&eacute; du mod&egrave;le &eacute;badien</span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:start; text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">&nbsp;</p> <p class="Textbodyindent" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:22px"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-style:normal">Cet article apporte des &eacute;l&eacute;ments de r&eacute;ponse &agrave; l&rsquo;interrogation sur les enjeux de la formation &agrave; distance en Afrique. Il &eacute;tudie particuli&egrave;rement la FOAD de l&rsquo;&Eacute;cole de Biblioth&eacute;caire archiviste et documentaliste (EBAD) au S&eacute;n&eacute;gal pendant la d&eacute;cennie&nbsp;2006-2016. L&rsquo;analyse s&rsquo;inscrit dans le cadre th&eacute;orique de l&rsquo;&eacute;valuation et elle s&rsquo;inspire de la m&eacute;thode Kirkpatrick (1959). L&rsquo;approche consiste &agrave; analyser les motivations, connaissances et capitalisation des connaissances des apprenants &agrave; partir d&rsquo;un &eacute;chantillon de 100 apprenants choisis &agrave; travers la m&eacute;thode CAR. Les r&eacute;sultats de l&rsquo;&eacute;tude montrent que la FADIS de l&rsquo;EBAD a atteint ses limites et que le mod&egrave;le n&rsquo;est pas reproductible en l&rsquo;&eacute;tat et qu&rsquo;il devrait explorer de nouveaux types de dispositifs capables de r&eacute;pondre aux attentes et exigences d&rsquo;une formation &agrave; distance</span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp;moderne en SIC.&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="Textbody" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p><b style="caret-color:#000000; color:#000000; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; letter-spacing:normal; orphans:auto; text-align:start; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; widows:auto; word-spacing:0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust:auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black">Mots cl&eacute;s</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12pt; text-align:start; text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black">&nbsp;: &Eacute;valuation, Formation &agrave; distance, information, communication, EBAD, S&eacute;n&eacute;gal,</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>