<p>R&eacute;sum&eacute;</p> <p class="Textbody" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:36pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:22px"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">S&eacute;n&eacute;gal est confront&eacute; aujourd&rsquo;hui &agrave; la saturation des effectifs dans l&rsquo;enseignement sup&eacute;rieur. &Agrave; tire d&rsquo;exemple, l&rsquo;Universit&eacute; Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (UCAD) compte plus de quatre-vingt mille (80&nbsp;000) &eacute;tudiants alors que sa capacit&eacute; d&rsquo;accueil est de seulement dix mille (10&nbsp;000) &eacute;tudiants. Chaque ann&eacute;e, plus 20&nbsp;000 nouveaux bacheliers souhaitent &ecirc;tre orient&eacute;s &agrave; l&rsquo;Universit&eacute; de Dakar. Entre autres solutions, l&rsquo;&Eacute;tat s&eacute;n&eacute;galais avait choisi d&rsquo;orienter des nouveaux bacheliers dans des &eacute;coles et universit&eacute;s priv&eacute;es apr&egrave;s avoir mis en place une Universit&eacute; virtuelle d&eacute;nomm&eacute;e (UVS) qui compte en 2020 plus de 22&nbsp;000 &eacute;tudiants, se pla&ccedil;ant ainsi au rang de deuxi&egrave;me universit&eacute; du S&eacute;n&eacute;gal derri&egrave;re l&rsquo;UCAD, en termes d&rsquo;effectifs. La formation &agrave; distance exp&eacute;riment&eacute;e &agrave; l&rsquo;Universit&eacute; virtuelle du S&eacute;n&eacute;gal (UVS), et pratiqu&eacute;e &agrave; l&rsquo;&Eacute;cole de Biblioth&eacute;caires Archivistes et Documentaliste (EBAD) depuis l&rsquo;ann&eacute;e&nbsp;2000, est aujourd&rsquo;hui vue, comme &eacute;tant un palliatif voire une panac&eacute;e aux probl&egrave;mes des effectifs des universit&eacute;s s&eacute;n&eacute;galaises. &Agrave; ce titre l&rsquo;EBAD est toujours cit&eacute;e en exemple par le rectorat de l&rsquo;UCAD et son mod&egrave;le se pr&eacute;sente aujourd&rsquo;hui comme &eacute;tant un exemple &agrave; suivre.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="Textbody" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:28.8pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:22px"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">D&eacute;marr&eacute;e en 2000 sous l&rsquo;appellation de Formation continue en Information informatis&eacute;e en R&eacute;seau (FORCIIR), la FOAD &agrave; l&rsquo;EBAD a pendant longtemps &eacute;t&eacute; consid&eacute;r&eacute;e comme un mod&egrave;le innovant en Afrique.&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="Textbody" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:22px"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">En vingt ans (2000-2020), mille deux cent cinquante-six (1256) apprenants de 28 nationalit&eacute;s ont &eacute;t&eacute; inscrits en formation &agrave; distance &agrave; l&rsquo;EBAD.&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="Textbody" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p class="Textbody" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:22px"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Notre &eacute;tude porte cependant sur 889 &eacute;tudiants inscrits en ann&eacute;e de sortie (L3 et M2) durant la d&eacute;cennie 2006 &ndash; 2016. Le choix de cette d&eacute;cennie est motiv&eacute; par le fait qu&rsquo;en 2016, tous les partenaires ext&eacute;rieurs qui ont soutenu le projet se sont retir&eacute;s et que l&rsquo;EBAD a pu p&eacute;renniser la FADIS avec ses propres ressources.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="Textbody" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p class="Textbody" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:22px"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Cette &eacute;tude n&rsquo;a pas la pr&eacute;tention de motiver une prise de d&eacute;cision quant &agrave; l&rsquo;int&eacute;r&ecirc;t de maintenir ou non la FOAD de l&rsquo;EBAD. Son objectif est bien diff&eacute;rent&nbsp;; il vise &agrave; analyser un dispositif de formation &agrave; distance en sciences de l&rsquo;information tr&egrave;s innovant &agrave; ses d&eacute;buts (2000), mais qui, dix-neuf ans apr&egrave;s (2020), malgr&eacute; les &eacute;volutions technologiques et celles des m&eacute;thodes p&eacute;dagogiques d&rsquo;enseignement apprentissage n&rsquo;a pas connu de changements majeurs.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="Textbody" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:22px"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Le &laquo;&nbsp;mod&egrave;le &eacute;badien&nbsp;&raquo; r&eacute;pond-il encore aux objectifs fix&eacute;s par les apprenants et aux nouvelles attentes et exigences li&eacute;es aux m&eacute;tiers des sciences de l&rsquo;information documentaire ? Aussi &agrave; l&rsquo;heure o&ugrave; l&rsquo;EBAD semble &ecirc;tre un mod&egrave;le de r&eacute;ussite en Afrique, il serait utile de se demander si la FADIS est reproductible. Autant de questions que soul&egrave;ve la probl&eacute;matique de la formation &agrave; distance en science de l&rsquo;information Afrique.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="Textbody" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p class="Textbody" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:22px"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Nous formulons l&rsquo;hypoth&egrave;se que la FADIS de l&rsquo;EBAD n&rsquo;est pas reproductible en l&rsquo;&eacute;tat au point d&rsquo;&ecirc;tre cit&eacute; &agrave; l&rsquo;UCAD pour r&eacute;gler la question des effectifs pl&eacute;thoriques et qu&rsquo;il convient d&rsquo;en analyser le dispositif p&eacute;dagogique pour pouvoir appr&eacute;cier le niveau de satisfaction des apprenants, les effets induits et la reproductibilit&eacute;.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="Textbody" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">La premi&egrave;re partie de notre &eacute;tude est une introduction qui pr&eacute;sente le contexte de la FOAD au S&eacute;n&eacute;gal et &agrave; l&rsquo;EBAD, la deuxi&egrave;me partie est consacr&eacute;e au cadre th&eacute;orique et conceptuel (l&rsquo;&eacute;valuation), la troisi&egrave;me partie &agrave; l&rsquo;approche m&eacute;thodologique et la quatri&egrave;me partie pr&eacute;sente et analyse les r&eacute;sultats de l&rsquo;&eacute;tude. Elle est suivie d&rsquo;une interrogation sur la reproductibilit&eacute; du mod&egrave;le &eacute;badien</span></span><span lang="FR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:start; text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">&nbsp;</p> <p class="Textbodyindent" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:22px"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="FR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-style:normal">Cet article apporte des &eacute;l&eacute;ments de r&eacute;ponse &agrave; l&rsquo;interrogation sur les enjeux de la formation &agrave; distance en Afrique. Il &eacute;tudie particuli&egrave;rement la FOAD de l&rsquo;&Eacute;cole de Biblioth&eacute;caire archiviste et documentaliste (EBAD) au S&eacute;n&eacute;gal pendant la d&eacute;cennie&nbsp;2006-2016. L&rsquo;analyse s&rsquo;inscrit dans le cadre th&eacute;orique de l&rsquo;&eacute;valuation et elle s&rsquo;inspire de la m&eacute;thode Kirkpatrick (1959). L&rsquo;approche consiste &agrave; analyser les motivations, connaissances et capitalisation des connaissances des apprenants &agrave; partir d&rsquo;un &eacute;chantillon de 100 apprenants choisis &agrave; travers la m&eacute;thode CAR. Les r&eacute;sultats de l&rsquo;&eacute;tude montrent que la FADIS de l&rsquo;EBAD a atteint ses limites et que le mod&egrave;le n&rsquo;est pas reproductible en l&rsquo;&eacute;tat et qu&rsquo;il devrait explorer de nouveaux types de dispositifs capables de r&eacute;pondre aux attentes et exigences d&rsquo;une formation &agrave; distance</span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp;moderne en SIC.&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="Textbody" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <h1 style="text-indent:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Optima"><span style="font-weight:normal"><b><span lang="FR" style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">R&eacute;f&eacute;rences bibliographiques&nbsp;:</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></h1> <ol> <li style="margin-left:8px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Bates R. (2004). &laquo;&nbsp;A critical analysis of evaluation practice : the Kirkpatrick model and the principale of beneficence &raquo;, Evaluation and Program Planning, Vol. 27, pp. 341-347</span></span></span></span></i></span></span></span></span></li> <li style="margin-left:8px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Baron G-L., Burkhardt J-M., (2012).&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></i><i><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">&Eacute;ducation, formation et apprentissages &agrave; l&rsquo;horizon&nbsp;2030&nbsp;: &eacute;l&eacute;ments issus d&rsquo;un atelier de prospective pour la recherche,&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></i><i><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Sciences et Technologies de l&acute;Information et de la Communication pour l&acute;&Eacute;ducation et la Formation, Rubrique de la Revue STICEF, Volume&nbsp;18, consult&eacute; le 16/08/2014,&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></i><a href="http://sticef.org/"><i><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"><span style="text-decoration:none">http://sticef.org</span></span></span></span></span></i></a></span></span></span></span></li> <li style="margin-left:8px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><i><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Diarra M. (2005). L&rsquo;enseignement &agrave; distance&nbsp;: une solution pour l&rsquo;enseignement sup&eacute;rieure en Afrique&nbsp;? /Colloque international, l&rsquo;information num&eacute;rique et les enjeux de la soci&eacute;t&eacute; de l&rsquo;information, Tunis, avril 2004</span></span></span></span></i></span></span></span></span></li> <li style="margin-left:8px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Depover, C. &amp; Wallet, J., (coord).&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></i><i><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Formation &agrave; distance, multiples Sud, Hermes, CNED, Lavoisier, Paris, p.&nbsp;187-209.</span></span></span></span></i></span></span></span></span></li> <li style="margin-left:8px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><i><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">GAYE D. S. (2008). Le projet FORCIIR de l&rsquo;EBAD&nbsp;: une situation de synergie entre E-learning et sciences de l&rsquo;information documentaire, Master II Recherche, universit&eacute; de Paris&nbsp;8 Vincennes, 106p.</span></span></span></span></i></span></span></span></span></li> <li style="margin-left:8px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><i><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">G&eacute;lis, Jean-Michel (2013). L&rsquo;engagement des enseignants dans un dispositif d&rsquo;enseignement &agrave; distance in Distances et m&eacute;diations des savoirs, vol&nbsp;2, 2013</span></span></span></span></i></span></span></span></span></li> <li style="margin-left:8px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><i><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Gilibert, D. &amp; Gillet, I. (2010). Revue des mod&egrave;les en &eacute;valuation de formation, approches conceptuelles, individuelles et sociales. Pratiques psychologiques, 16, 217-238.</span></span></span></span></i></span></span></span></span></li> <li style="margin-left:8px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Holton E.F.&nbsp;&nbsp;III (1996). &laquo; The&nbsp;&nbsp;flawed&nbsp;&nbsp;four-level&nbsp;&nbsp;evaluation&nbsp;&nbsp;model &raquo;,&nbsp;&nbsp;Human&nbsp;&nbsp;Resource D&eacute;veloppent Quarterly, Vol. 7, pp. 5-21</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li> <li class="Textbody" style="margin-left:8px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><i><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Karsenti,T. Depover C., Collin S., Jaillet A., Peraya D. (2013).&nbsp;&nbsp;L&rsquo;exp&eacute;rience de 2 416 &eacute;tudiants &agrave; distance&nbsp;: r&eacute;sultats d&rsquo;une enqu&ecirc;te longitudinale sur les formations &agrave; distance soutenues par l&rsquo;AUF&nbsp;&nbsp;in Un d&eacute;tour par le futur&nbsp;: Les formations ouvertes et &agrave; distance &agrave; l&rsquo;Agence universitaire de la Francophonie&nbsp;1992 &ndash; 2012 /Ouvrage collectif, coordonn&eacute; par Pierre-Jean Loiret (AUF), &eacute;ditions des archives contemporaines, AUF</span></span></span></span></i></span></span></span></li> <li class="Textbody" style="margin-left:8px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Kirkpatrick D.L. (1959). Evaluating Training Programs, 2nd ed., Berrett Koehler, San</span></span></span></span>&nbsp;<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Francisco</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li> <li class="Textbody" style="margin-left:8px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Kraiger, K., Jung, K.M., 1997. Linking training objectives to evaluation criteria. In&nbsp;: Quinones, M.A., Ehrenstein, A.&nbsp;&nbsp;(Eds.),&nbsp;&nbsp;Training&nbsp;&nbsp;for&nbsp;&nbsp;a&nbsp;&nbsp;rapidly&nbsp;&nbsp;changing&nbsp;&nbsp;workplace:&nbsp;&nbsp;Applications&nbsp;&nbsp;of&nbsp;&nbsp;psychological&nbsp;&nbsp;research.&nbsp;&nbsp;American&nbsp;&nbsp;Psychological&nbsp;&nbsp;Association, Washington, DC, pp.&nbsp;151&ndash;175</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li> <li class="Textbody" style="margin-left:8px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Le Louarn&nbsp;J.-Y et Pottiez J. (2010). Validation partielle du mod&egrave;le d&rsquo;&eacute;valuation des formations de Kirkpatrick, &laquo;&nbsp;Nouveau comportement, nouvelle GRH&nbsp;?&nbsp;&raquo; XXI congr&egrave;s AGRH du 17 au 19 novembre 2010 Rennes/Saint Malo</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li> <li class="Textbody" style="margin-left:8px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">L&ocirc;&nbsp;I.et Castex E. (2012).&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></i><i><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Mod&egrave;le de solidarit&eacute; en FOAD, retour d&rsquo;exp&eacute;rience du partenariat EBAD-Universit&eacute; Toulouse le Murail</span></span></span></span></i></span></span></span></li> <li class="Textbody" style="margin-left:8px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><i><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Loiret, P-J. (2007).&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></i><i><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">L&rsquo;enseignement &agrave; distance et le sup&eacute;rieur en Afrique de l&rsquo;ouest&nbsp;: une universit&eacute; fa&ccedil;onn&eacute;e de l&rsquo;ext&eacute;rieur ou renouvel&eacute;e de l&rsquo;int&eacute;rieur&nbsp;? th&egrave;se de doctorat en sciences de l&rsquo;&eacute;ducation, Universit&eacute; de rouan,&nbsp;&nbsp;500p.</span></span></span></span></i></span></span></span></li> <li class="Textbody" style="margin-left:8px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><i><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Loiret, P.-J. (2008). &laquo;&nbsp;L&rsquo;Universit&eacute; virtuelle africaine, l&rsquo;enseignement &agrave; distance en trompe-l&rsquo;&oelig;il ?&nbsp;&raquo; Distances et Savoirs, vol. VI &ndash; n&deg; 2/2008</span></span></span></span></i></span></span></span></li> <li class="Textbody" style="margin-left:8px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><i><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Loiret, P.-J. (2013).&nbsp;&laquo;&nbsp;La formation ouverte et &agrave; distance &agrave; l&rsquo;&Eacute;cole de Biblioth&eacute;caires, archivistes et documentalistes (EBAD) de Dakar&nbsp;: une &laquo;&nbsp;bonne pratique&nbsp;&raquo; reproductible, Paris, AUF, &Eacute;ditions des archives contemporaines, p.126-137</span></span></span></span></i></span></span></span></li> <li class="Textbody" style="margin-left:8px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">McCain, D.V., 2005. Evaluation Basics.&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></i><i><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">ASTD Press, Alexandria</span></span></span></span></i></span></span></span></li> <li class="Textbody" style="margin-left:8px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><i><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Rapport g&eacute;n&eacute;ral issu de la Concertation nationale pour l&rsquo;avenir de l&rsquo;enseignement sup&eacute;rieur au S&eacute;n&eacute;gal, 6-9 avril 2013 &agrave; Dakar</span></span></span></span></i></span></span></span></li> <li class="Textbody" style="margin-left:8px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Shelton, S., Alliger, G. (1993). Who&rsquo;s Afraid of Level 4 Evaluation ? &Agrave; Practical&nbsp;<br /> Approach.&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></i><i><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Training &amp; Development &ndash; June</span></span></span></span></i></span></span></span></li> <li class="Textbody" style="margin-left:8px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Spillane, J. &amp; Diamond, J. B. (2007). Distributed Leadership in Practice, Teachers</span></span></span></span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">,&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">College Press, New York.</span></span></span></span></i></span></span></span></li> <li class="Textbody" style="margin-left:8px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Garamonf"><i><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Wallet, J. (dir.) (2007). Formation &agrave; distance en Afrique subsaharienne francophone. UNESCO-BREDA, Paris.</span></span></span></span></i></span></span></span></li> </ol>