<p>Article</p>
<h2 style="margin-bottom: 13px;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", serif"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Introduction </span></span></span></b></span></span></span></h2>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">L’engagement est devenu l’un des concepts populaires, notamment dans les sciences sociales, pour décrire la manière dont l’organisation tente de collaborer avec leurs parties prenantes. Les recherches montrent aujourd’hui qu’il y a plus d’employés désengagés que d’employés engagés (A,Tkalac Verčič & N,Pološki Vokić,2017). Selon Gallup, dans le Rapport sur l’état des travaux dans 142 pays, seulement 13% des employés interrogés ont déclaré se sentir impliqués dans leur lieu de travail (Gallup, 2016). Compte tenu des avantages potentiels de l’engagement des employés, tels que l’amélioration des performances individuelles, la réduction du taux d’absentéisme et une fidélité accrue de la clientèle (M,Salanova., S,Agut et J.M,Peiro, 2005), l’engagement est devenu un avantage concurrentiel important qui permet à l'organisation d'innover et d'être compétitive sur le marché (Welch, 2011). Les principaux facteurs d’engagement des employés sont notamment la nature de l’emploi et le milieu de travail, la reconnaissance de son travail, le climat social et le plus important pour cette étude: la communication interne. En effet, l’environnement de travail positif se caractérise généralement par une communication ouverte. Principalement, la communication interne implique un échange d'informations dans les deux sens. L’engagement des employés promu par la communication interne, est « le degré auquel une personne est attentive et absorbée dans l'exécution de ses rôles » (Saks, 2006,p. 602).</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Cette étude examine la relation entre la communication interne et l'engagement des employés. Ce faisant, le document aborde une lacune en matière de recherche identifiée par A,Tkalac Verčič & N,Pološki Vokić (2017), qui observent que malgré l’importance de la relation entre la communication interne et l’engagement des employés, l’association n’a pas été largement testée de manière empirique et plus spécifiquement dans le secteur public. Ce document aborde cette lacune dans les travaux empiriques et examine les associations entre la communication interne et l’engagement des employés à travers une enquête menée auprès de dix administrations publiques marocaines.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", serif">Notre article présente d’abord, une revue de littérature sur les concepts clés de l’étude et expose par la suite les objectifs de l’étude et la question de recherche. Ensuite, les méthodes utilisées pour étudier et répondre à la question de recherche sont décrites, suivies d'une analyse et d'une discussion des résultats. Les implications et les recherches futures sont fournies dans la conclusion.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 13px;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Revue de littérature </span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 13px;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Le concept de l'engagement des employés </span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 13px;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">L'engagement des employés est devenu une préoccupation majeure des dirigeants d'organisations et a suscité un intérêt croissant de la part des chercheurs. Le concept est compris de différentes manières par les praticiens. Ce faisant, L'engagement a été défini comme l'engagement émotionnel et intellectuel envers l'organisation (Baumruk, 2004; Shaw, 2005) ou comme une «Implication individuelle, satisfaction et enthousiasme pour le travail» (Harter.,Schmidt et Hayes, 2002,p.417).La plupart des conceptualisations couramment utilisées de l’engagement reposent sur les travaux influents de Kahn (1990), qui a définit l'engagement des employés comme «la mobilisation des membres de l'organisation dans leurs rôles professionnels; en engagement, les gens emploient et s'expriment physiquement, cognitivement et émotionnellement lors de l'exécution de rôles» (Kahn,1990,p.694).L'aspect cognitif est lié aux convictions des employés, des dirigeants et des conditions de travail. L’aspect émotionnel est lié à la façon dont les employés se sentent et leur attitude positive ou négative à l’égard de l’organisation et de ses dirigeants. L'aspect physique est connecté à l'énergie physique investi afin de remplir un rôle (Verčič & Vokić,2017).Par conséquent, l’engagement implique à la fois une présence physiologique et physique(Kahn,1990). </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Ainsi , le concept de l’engagement au travail a été définit comme un état d'esprit positif, épanouissant, lié au travail, caractérisé par la vigueur, le dévouement et l'absorption (<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0363811116304805#bib0280" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="text-underline:none">Schaufeli & Bakker,2004</span></span>)</a> .Cette définition influente dans les nouveaux travaux sur l’engagement et celle de <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0363811116304805#bib0150" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="text-underline:none">Kahn (1990)</span></span></a>, partagent un intérêt commun pour les aspects de l’engagement: cognitif/absorption, affectif/dévouement et physique/vigueur( <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0363811116304805#bib0365" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="text-underline:none">Welch,2011</span></span></a> ; <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0363811116304805#bib0290" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="text-underline:none">Schaufeli, 2014</span></span></a> ).</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Saks (2006), a démontré que l’engagement comprend deux aspects importants, l’engagement au travail et l’engagement organisationnel. Pourtant, Un manque de clarté provient de la question de la différence entre ces deux aspects. Hallberg & Schaufeli (2006) affirment que l'engagement au travail, la participation au travail et l'engagement organisationnel sont des constructions empiriquement distinctes et reflètent donc différents aspects de l'attachement au travail. En effet, la participation au travail est définie comme un état cognitif d'identification psychologique (Kanungo, 1982) et, bien que l'accent soit mis sur la cognition, l'engagement, selon la plupart des définitions, inclut les émotions et les convictions (Kular et al, 2008).Par conséquent, May et al. (2004) ont conclut que l'engagement est le plus proche de la participation au travail. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Cependant, l’engagement organisationnel implique que les employés restent au sein d'une organisation en raison du désir de rester (engagement affectif), la reconnaissance que les coûts liés au départ seraient élevés (engagement continu) et / ou des sentiments d’obligation de rester (engagement normatif) (Allen & Meyer, 1990). En tant que tel, l’engagement organisationnel montre une perspective à long terme, comparée à l’engagement des employés qui est une attitude à court terme de l’employé envers son travail (Pološki Vokić & Hernaus, 2015).</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 13px;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">La communication interne </span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">En théorie comme en pratique, la communication interne est essentielle pour créer des relations avec les employés. Elle est définit comme la communication entre les dirigeants de l’organisation et l’un de ses principaux publics qui sont les employés (Dolphin,2005). Il s’agit de « l’interaction sociale par le biais de messages» (Kalla, 2005,p.303). Son rôle est de « mettre en lumière les liens entre les différentes informations » (Quirke,2008,p. xv),et reflète la capacité de la direction à établir des relations entre les parties prenantes internes à tous les niveaux de l’organisation (Welch & Jackson, 2007). D’Aprix (2009) a affirmé que «la communication est le lubrifiant incontestable qui empêche les systèmes de l’entreprise de s’autodétruire du fait des frictions du changement»(D’Aprix,2009,p. xxiii</span></span></span>).</span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Historiquement, les employés en tant que public ont été sous-estimés par les spécialistes et les professionnels des relations publiques en faveur des publics externes (Chong, 2007; Wright, 1995).Cheney (1999) a noté que «dans la précipitation vers une efficacité et une compétitivité accrues, on a le sentiment que la plupart des organisations ne se soucient guère de leurs employés» (Cheney,1999,p. x</span></span></span>)<span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">,ce qui reflète le manque d’attention porté par la direction face à leurs propres employés. Ce manque d’intérêt s’explique par l’accent que les organisations ont toujours mis sur leurs produits et leurs services auprès de publics externes par le biais de communications marketing, au détriment de la communication interne à destination des employés (K,Mishra.,L,Boynton & A,Mishra,2014).</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Se concentrer sur la communication interne peut donc conférer à l’entreprise plusieurs avantages, elle renforce la confiance entre les gestionnaires et les employés et conduit à l’engagement des employés avec l’entreprise. En effet, la communication interne de l'entreprise est définie comme la communication entre les responsables stratégiques d'une organisation et ses parties prenantes internes, conçue pour promouvoir l'engagement envers l'organisation, un sentiment d'appartenance à celle-ci, la prise de conscience de son environnement en mutation et la compréhension de ses objectifs en constante évolution <span style="color:#2e2e2e">( </span></span></span></span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0363811116304805#bib0360" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="text-underline:none">Welch & Jackson , 2007</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:#2e2e2e">).</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Thomas, Zolin et Hartman (2009), ont toutefois indiqué que «lorsque les employés perçoivent qu'ils obtiennent des informations opportunes, exactes et pertinentes de leurs supérieurs hiérarchiques et de leurs collègues, ils sont plus susceptibles de se sentir moins vulnérables et plus capables, se fier à leurs collègues et à leurs superviseurs » (p. 302). De même Kitchen et Daly (2002), ont démontré que la communication interne est cruciale pour la réussite de l'organisation et pour ses activités quotidiennes.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<h3 style="margin-bottom: 13px;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">La relation entre la communication interne et l’engagement des employés</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></h3>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">La communication interne fait partie du contexte organisationnel dans lequel les employés sont engagés ou désengagés (Bakker, Albrecht et Leiter, 2011). Des recherches antérieures ont montré que les pratiques de communication interne influencent positivement l’engagement des employés (Chong, 2007., Saks, 2006., Welch & Jackson, 2007).</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Saks (2006) a démontré qu’une communication claire et cohérente avec les employés permet de créer des relations positives avec les employeurs, ainsi il estime que les employés qui se sentent du soutien de la part de leurs supérieurs hiérarchiques, réagissent et s’engagent d’avantage dans leur travail. Ce qui explique le résultat de recherches réalisées par Therkelsen & Fiebich (2003) qui ont constaté que le superviseur de première ligne était un élément clé de l’engagement des employés.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">De même, Welch et Jackson (2007) ont caractérisé la communication interne comme capitale pour obtenir l'engagement des employés, ils ont estimé qu’une communication fiable, claire et continue permet aux gestionnaires d’aider les employés à comprendre les objectifs stratégiques de l’entreprise dans le but de promouvoir un sentiment d’appartenance et d’engagement chez eux.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">En outre, les recherches menées par les consultants de Watson Wyatt (2008) indiquent que les entreprises qui ont communiqué efficacement avec leurs employés étaient quatre fois plus susceptibles d’avoir un niveau élevé d’engagement. Ce faisant, une communication interne satisfaisante favorise le dialogue afin de créer un climat de confiance avec des publics clés et de promouvoir en conséquence, l’engagement des employés.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> Une étude de MacLeod & Clarke (2009) prouve également qu'une communication interne de qualité améliore l'engagement dans les organisations des secteurs public, privé et bénévole.</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black"> De plus, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Lorsqu'un employé se sent impliqué dans l'organisation, il est prétendu qu'il sera plus susceptible de développer des relations positives avec d'autres parties prenantes à la fois à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur de l'entreprise, démontrant ainsi son engagement.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Welch (2011) a mis l’accent sur le lien existent entre l'engagement et la communication interne et précise que l'engagement est sous l'influence de la communication. Elle indique que la communication interne peut transférer les valeurs de l’organisation à tous les niveaux des employés de manière efficace et les impliquer dans les objectifs organisationnels, ce qui conduit à la promotion et au développement de l’engagement des employés. Principalement, Welch a développé un modèle conceptuel qui décrit l'influence de la communication sur l'engagement des employés. Dans ce modèle, elle a expliqué l’engagement à travers ses trois aspects développés par Kahn :émotionnel, cognitif et physique. Ces trois aspects sont ensuite associés à trois dimensions : dédicace, absorption et vigueur proposées par Schaufeli, Salanova, González Roma & Bakker (2002).</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">D’autre part, si le processus de communication interne est caractérisé par l’ouverture et le retour d'information ascendant, ceci encourage la voix des employés qui est reconnue comme un moteur de l’engagement des employés <span style="color:#2e2e2e">(</span><a name="bbib0330"></a><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0363811116304805#bib0330" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="text-underline:none">Truss et al.,2006</span></span></a> ; <a name="bbib0270">Ruck & Welch, 2012</a><span style="color:#2e2e2e">)</span>.Cependant, de nombreux gestionnaires n’acceptent pas le partage des informations avec leurs employés. Pour eux, l'information constitue un pouvoir qu'ils ne sont pas disposés à partager, <i>« </i>les cadres supérieurs ont tendance à trop critiquer les commentaires négatifs, tout en étant d'accord avec les commentaires positifs » (Tourish & Hargie, 2004,p.</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">197).</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">L’objectif de cet article est de comprendre l’état actuel de la communication interne et d’analyser ses effets sur l’engagement des employés dans le contexte des administrations publiques. Et afin de mieux explorer la relation d’influence entre la communication interne et l’engagement des employés, une question de recherche est à la base de cette étude: </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">En quoi la communication interne influence-t-elle l’engagement des employés dans les administrations publiques marocaines ?</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<h2 style="margin-bottom: 13px;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:16.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Méthodes</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></h2>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Afin de mieux comprendre les concepts fondamentaux de notre étude et répondre aux objectifs de notre recherche. Nous avons utilisé d’abord la technique documentaire par l’exploitation de la littérature existante en exploitant des ouvrages, des articles scientifiques et des thèses soutenus ainsi que différents textes susceptibles de nous renseigner sur le sujet traité.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Ensuite, Pour mener à bien cette recherche qui vise à montrer l’influence de la communication interne sur l’engagement des employés dans les administrations publiques marocaines, nous avons opté pour une démarche qualitative étant donné son efficacité dans le cadre de recherches exploratoires (Charreire & Durieux ,1999), ainsi que sa souplesse d’ajustement pendant son déroulement. A travers une série d’entretiens semi directifs effectués sur la base d’un guide d’entretien, nous avons obtenu les avis des responsables enquêtés sur notre question de recherche.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Nous avons utilisé la technique d'échantillonnage de convenance dans la constitution de notre échantillon, 10 responsables de 10 administrations publiques ont répondu à nos questions lors des entretiens. Ces entretiens exploratoires sont menés auprès des responsables communication interne et/ou ressources humaines selon la structure de l’administration enquêtée. Cette étude a été menée durant le mois Mars 2020. Les dirigeants interrogés dans le cadre de cette étude représentaient le service public.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Nous avons commencé ces entretiens par une prise de contact avec les personnes interviewées, ensuite nous avons abordé les thèmes objet de l’enquête, finalement nous avons achevé les entretiens par une synthèse et une discussion générale sur la communication interne et l’engagement des employés dans la fonction publique.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Nous avons mené les entretiens à l’aide d’un guide d’entretien, ce dernier est structuré sous forme de trois thèmes, à savoir :</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">L’identification de l’enquêté</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> : ce thème contient des informations générales concernant l’enquêté.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">L’engagement des employés</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> : pour collecter des informations concernant les moteurs de l’engagement des employés dans l’administration publique, la justification de choix de ces moteurs, les avantages de l’engagement des employés dans ce secteur et ses contraintes.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">La communication interne</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> : ce thème a pour objectif de s’interroger sur les formes, les objectifs et les pratiques de la communication interne ainsi que sa relation avec l’engagement des employés. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Les données collectées via cette étude ont été analysées, à travers une analyse de contenu des discours, objet des entretiens menés auprès des responsables des administrations publiques. Chaque conversation a été enregistrée, transcrite et analysée. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">La retranscription des données des entretiens a consisté à mettre par écrit les discours des interviewés qui ont été enregistrés lors des entretiens. Au cours de la codification, nous avons effectué une analyse thématique qui nous a aidé à ressortir les thèmes, tout en repérant des fragments de textes importants dans l’explication de chaque thème. Ensuite, nous avons construit une grille d’analyse qui a été composée des thèmes émergents de l’analyse thématique. Cela nous a permis d’obtenir une liste des occurrences en comptabilisant le nombre de fois où un même concept est cité. Enfin, l'interprétation des données nous a permis de situer les résultats obtenus en rapport avec les objectifs poursuivis par l'étude, à savoir :</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">-Identifier les moteurs de l’engagement des employés dans les administrations publiques marocaines ;</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">-Ressortir les pratiques de la communication interne qui ont une incidence/effet sur l’engagement des employés ;</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">-Montrer de quelle manière la communication interne peut affecter l’engagement des employés.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Pour chaque question posée, nous avons répertorié tous les thèmes et nous avons identifié les plus cités et les moins cités. Nous avons également commenté les résultats, en y ajoutant les points de vue des enquêtés, c’est-à-dire les phrases intéressantes notées lors du codage des données.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<h2 style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 13px;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Analyse des résultats </span></span></span></b></span></span></span></h2>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Les résultats de nos enquêtes sont présentés sous formes de tableaux. Sur chaque tableau, la première colonne reprend les réponses données par nos enquêtés. La deuxième colonne présente la fréquence de chaque réponse. Et la troisième colonne présente le pourcentage de chaque réponse par rapport au total des individus de notre échantillon. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 13px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Tableau 1.la fréquence d’apparition dans les entretiens des moteurs de l’engagement des employés utilisés dans l’administration publique</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<table class="Ombrageclair1" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none">
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Thèmes émergents</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Nombre de fois cité</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Fréquence en %</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">La communication interne</span></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">8</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">80 %</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Les récompenses et la reconnaissance</span></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">5</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">50 %</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">La formation</span></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">20 %</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">La rétroaction régulière</span></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">3</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:none; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">30 %</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Les collègues et la relation au travail</span></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">3</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">30 %</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:none; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Les opportunités de croissance</span></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">4</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">40 %</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">La satisfaction au travail</span></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">6</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:none; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:silver; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">60 %</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:none; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">L’organisation de l’apprentissage</span></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:none; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">20 %</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">La culture d’entreprise </span></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">1</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">10 %</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom: 13px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> Source : élaboration personnelle</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 13px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> L’analyse des différents entretiens nous a permis de relever les moteurs de l’engagement des employés utilisés dans les administrations publiques marocaines. On remarque en premier lieu que la communication interne figure en première place parmi ces moteurs, du fait qu’elle est citée 8 fois par les personnes enquêtées soit (une fréquence de 80%, d’apparition dans les entretiens) ; en deuxième lieu on trouve la satisfaction au travail, citée 6 fois (soit 60% des entretiens) et en troisième lieu, on trouve les récompenses et la reconnaissance, citées 5 fois (soit 50% de l’ensemble des responsables interrogés) font recours à ce moteur pour engager leurs employés.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Un directeur ressources humaines avec 20 ans d’expérience a déclaré que : « </span></span></span><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">la communication organisationnelle interne a un rôle important à jouer dans le développement et le maintien d'un engagement optimal des employés</span></span></span></i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> ».</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">On peut en conclure que les responsables ont recours à des moteurs d’engagement des employés surtout symboliques que matériels. Les moteurs matériels à savoir les récompenses se limitent aux administrations publiques bénéficiant d’une certaine autonomie financière. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Pour mieux comprendre cette préférence pour ces moteurs d’engagement au détriment des autres éléments, nous avons analysé dans ce qui suit les réponses relatives à la justification du choix des moteurs d’engagement des employés utilisés par les responsables enquêtés. Les résultats de cette analyse se présentent comme suit :</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Tableau 2.la fréquence d’apparition dans les entretiens des raisons du choix des moteurs d’engagement utilisés</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Thèmes émergents</span></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Nombre de fois cité</span></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Fréquence en %</span></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Sens, efficacité, utilité</span></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">4</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">40%</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Importance stratégique</span></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">6</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">60%</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Couts des pratiques d’engagement</span></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">7</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">70%</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Effet et rentabilité</span></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">5</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">50%</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Expérience et contexte du travail </span></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">3</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">30%</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom: 13px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> Source : élaboration personnelle</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 13px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> Ce tableau montre que les raisons avancées pour justifier le choix des moteurs de l’engagement utilisés concernent, en premier lieu, les couts liés aux pratiques de l’engagement des employés (cité dans 7 entretiens), soit 70% des interviewés : </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">« Pour engager nos employés nous utilisons des moyens non couteux disponibles et accessibles à travers des gestes quotidiens, pour assurer leur satisfaction et par conséquent augmenter leur niveau d’engagement, ceci nous aident à compenser notre manque de contrôle sur la rémunération et l’absence d’un régime de primes, aussi notre choix est dicté par le contexte du travail au sein des administrations publiques marocaines »</span></span></span></i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> Avance un interviewé.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">En deuxième lieu 60% des responsables justifient leurs choix par l’importance stratégique des moteurs choisis comme il a déclaré un responsable de communication interne et consultant en matière de développement des ressources humaines :</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> <i>« ….le choix de la communication interne comme un moteur d’engagement des employés revient à sa place stratégique, son importance a été démontré sur plusieurs niveaux vu que tout baigne dans la communication ».</i></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Au troisième rang figure l’effet et la rentabilité des employés (cité 5 fois) soit 50% des responsables avancent cette justification. Les autres raisons ne sont pas citées avec la même intensité par les responsables interviewés.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Les responsables des administrations publiques avancent qu’ils n’utilisent pas forcement des critères d’efficacité ou de résultats attendus, comme des critères de choix pour les moteurs d’engagement des employés déjà émergés de notre enquête. Ils se contentent d’éléments existants, accessibles et disponibles, et tentent de faire face aux contraintes qui bloquent ces moteurs dans le secteur public. Ainsi, la faiblesse des incitations financières, du degré d’autonomie et l’augmentation des couts des pratiques nécessaires pour l’engagement des employés, pèsent lourdement sur l’action de ces responsables en matière d’engagement des employés. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Tableau 3.La fréquence d’apparition dans les entretiens des avantages de l’engagement des employés</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Thèmes émergents</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Nombre de fois cité</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">La fréquence en %</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Efficacité et efficience </span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">4</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">40%</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Potentiel de l’employé </span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">6</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">60%</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Responsabilisation </span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">5</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">50%</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Productivité </span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">8</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">80%</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Innovation et réactivité </span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">7</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">70%</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Source : Elaboration personnelle</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> Il ressort du tableau ci-avant les résultats suivants : Sur les 10 responsables interrogés par rapport aux avantages de l’engagement des employés dans le secteur public, 80% ont cité la productivité au travail, selon un responsable interrogé : <i>« l’engagement des employés au travail occupe une place primordiale, il est devenu un enjeu important…cela peut se traduire par des revenus plus élevés et une augmentation de la productivité ».</i>Suivie par l’innovation et la réactivité citées par 70% ( soit dans 7 entretiens), comme il explique l’un des responsables : <i>« les employés engagés sont aussi innovants et réactifs voir plus qu’un cadre ou directeur… »</i></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Un haut potentiel des employés figure aussi parmi ces avantages cités dans 6 entretiens, (soit 60% des répondants).En voici un exemple fournit par un DRH qui a 35 ans d’expériences dans le secteur public : <i>« Compétence + engagement = potentiel ».</i></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Lorsque les employés sont engagés, les responsables constatent un niveau de responsabilisation élevée, une augmentation de la productivité, des employés plus réactifs et innovants en raison de leur satisfaction au travail, cela permet, in fine, l’amélioration du potentiel des employés.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Tableau 4.La fréquence d’apparition dans les entretiens des formes de communication interne dans l’administration publique</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Thèmes émergents</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Nombre de fois cité</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">La fréquence en %</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Communication descendante</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">7</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">70%</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Communication ascendante </span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">1</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">10%</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Communication descendante et ascendante </span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">20%</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">La communication latérale </span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">5</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">50%</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> Source: élaboration personnelle </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> Nous observons que la forme de communication la plus dominante dans les administrations publiques est la communication descendante, citée dans 7 entretiens soit 70% des responsables utilisent cette forme de communication. Suivie par la communication latérale utilisée par 50% des responsables, tandis que 20% parmi eux font recours à la communication ascendante et descendante à la fois. Alors que la communication ascendante reste timide (citée dans un seul entretien), soit 10% des responsables interviewés. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Ces résultats s’expliquent par le style de management appliqué dans les administrations publiques marocaines dont les pouvoirs sont centralisés au niveau du top management qui se charge des décisions importantes et réduit la communication à la transmission des instructions et des consignes de travail.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Tableau 5.La fréquence d’apparition dans les entretiens des objectifs de la communication interne </span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Thèmes émergents</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Nombre de fois cité</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">La fréquence en %</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Informer</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">9</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">90%</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Motiver </span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">4</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">40%</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Partager l’information</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">6</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">60%</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Favoriser la collaboration et la cohésion </span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">5</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">50%</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Adhérer les fonctionnaires </span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">8</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">80%</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Engager et mobiliser les équipes </span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">7</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">70%</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> Source: élaboration personnelle </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> D’après le tableau ci-avant, La communication interne a comme premier objectif d’informer les collaborateurs, cet objectif est cité dans 9 entretiens (soit 90% des répondants).</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">« <i>L’objectif de la communication interne dans notre organisation est de transmettre l’information, de tenir les employés informés des objectifs économiques, financiers, sociaux, politiques, et éthiques. Et finalement, communiquer la finalité et la stratégie de l'organisation ». </i>Avance un responsable ressources humaines. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">En deuxième lieu, 80% des responsables assignent à la communication interne l’objectif d’adhérer les fonctionnaires, (cité 8 fois dans les entretiens).Par exemple : </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">« Adhérer les fonctionnaires aux stratégies de l'administration publique est parmi les objectifs de la communication qu’il faut chercher à atteindre pour assurer une meilleure productivité, qui se traduira par un meilleur service au profit des citoyens ».</span></span></span></i></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Et en troisième lieu, l’objectif d’engager et mobiliser les équipes est cité dans 7 entretiens (soit 70% des responsables interrogés).</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Ce qui montre que la communication interne dans les administrations publiques, en plus de son rôle de transmission des consignes et de partage d’information, elle peut aussi jouer un rôle social et stratégique qui consiste à mobiliser les employés, ainsi d’améliorer leur niveau d’engagement à travers ses pratiques d’information, de consultation et d’adhésion des employés.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Tableau 6.La fréquence d’apparition dans les entretiens des déterminants de l’efficacité de la communication interne </span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Thèmes émergents</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Nombre de fois cité</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">La fréquence en %</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">La participation des collaborateurs</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">6</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:none; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:silver; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">60%</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:none; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Transparence, clarté et sincérité</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:none; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">4</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">40%</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">L’écoute active et permanente des fonctionnaires</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">5</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:none; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:silver; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">50%</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:none; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:23px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Climat social</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:none; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:23px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">4</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:none; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:23px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">40%</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:none; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:silver; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Qualité des canaux de communication </span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:none; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:silver; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">3</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:none; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:silver; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">30%</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Style de management </span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">7</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">70%</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p> Source:élaboration personnelle </p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> Selon 70% des responsables des administrations publiques interrogés, l’efficacité de la communication interne dans leur administration dépend en premier lieu du style de management adopté (cité dans 7 entretiens).En deuxième lieu apparait la participation des collaborateurs comme un déterminant important cité dans 6 entretiens (soit 60 % des réponses).En troisième lieu figure l’écoute active et permanente des fonctionnaire citée par 5 responsables interviewés, soit une fréquence d’apparition de 50%. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Un exemple d’un témoignage : <i>« être à l'écoute active et permanente des fonctionnaires, considérer leurs obstacles dans l'exécution de leur tâches, fournir les outils nécessaires au travail, et les conditions sociales au moins celles basique : là se sont les vrais déterminants de l’efficacité de cette pièce maitresse (à savoir la communication interne) ».</i></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Les résultats obtenus ci-haut, montrent que le mode de management adopté, la promotion de la participation, la transparence et la contribution des employés ainsi que l’écoute active et permanente qui augmente le degré de réceptivité des managers, sont des facteurs déterminants pour la qualité et la valeur ajoutée des pratiques de la communication interne sur l’engagement des employés dans l’administration publique. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Tableau 7.La fréquence d’apparition dans les entretiens : l’existence d’une relation d’influence entre la communication interne et l’engagement des employés </span></span></span></b></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Thèmes émergents</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Nombre de fois cité</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">La fréquence en %</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Absence de relation </span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:none; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:silver; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">1</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:none; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:silver; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">10%</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Une relation positive</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:none; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">9</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:none; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">90%</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Une relation négative</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">0</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom: 13px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> Source : élaboration personnelle</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 13px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Le résultat ci-dessus montre que la majorité des responsables soit 90%, affirme l’existence d’une relation positive entre la communication interne et l’engagement des employés. Néanmoins, les résultats obtenus nous appelle à noter une certaine différence dans les propos des responsables interviewés :</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">-Certains responsables avancent qu’il s’agit d’une relation directe et que les pratiques de la communication interne sont suffisantes à elles seule pour engager les employés :</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">« Si le salarié s’est informé par tous ce qui se passe au sein de l'administration, il va automatiquement se sentir engagé. Quand il y a de la sincérité et du partage, le salarié fait naître un sentiment d'appartenance qui se traduit directement par un engagement total ».</span></span></span></i></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">« Oui bien sur, mieux communiquer mieux engager ».</span></span></span></i></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">-D’autres responsables estiment qu’il s’agit d’une relation positive mais indirecte. Les exemples suivants démontrent ce résultat obtenu :</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">« Oui effectivement, la communication interne permet la motivation des employés et la cohésion de l'ensemble, et par conséquent, l’augmentation de leur niveau d’engagement».</span></span></span></i></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">« La communication interne permet à chacun des employés de se sentir concerné et acteur dans le développement de l'entreprise ce qui renforce leur engagement. Mais seule elle demeure insuffisante, c’est un outil parmi d’autres ».</span></span></span></i></span></span></span></p>
<h2 style="margin-bottom: 13px;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Discussion </span></span></span></b></span></span></span></h2>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">D’abord, il est important de préciser que la majorité de notre échantillon déclarent que le niveau d’engagement des employés dans leur administration est qualifié comme élevé et satisfaisant. Ce résultat permet de changer la vision qu’ont les gens des services publics qui sont considérés comme des services où les employés sont préoccupés surtout par leurs privilèges. Pour les éléments utilisés pour engager ces fonctionnaires, les responsables interrogés ont expliqué que des facteurs immatériels comme la communication interne, le climat social et la rétroaction régulière constituent des moteurs d’engagement efficaces. Le choix de ces éléments est souvent exigé par la marge de manœuvre limitée des administrations publiques en matière de moyens matériels (rémunérations, primes.etc). </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">La communication interne permet de dépasser cette contrainte, elle représente un moteur d’engagement peu couteux qui permet de toucher une large partie du personnel. Ainsi, cette étude nous a permis de souligner le rôle important que joue la communication interne dans l’engagement des employés. Selon les responsables interviewés, La promotion de l'engagement des employés est considérée comme un aspect important de leur travail, ils s’appuient sur une communication transparente et sincère avec les employés (Dolphin,2005).En choisissant les canaux adaptés, les employés seront orientés vers les mêmes objectifs de la stratégie de l’organisation et d’instaurer ses principes. Pour eux la communication interne aide à expliquer, anticiper et encourager les employés dans les actions prises, ce qui permet de créer un lien d’adhérence et d’implication ainsi de procurer une sensation d’appartenance à l’administration. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Concernant les formes de la communication interne, nous constatons que la communication descendante est la plus dominante dans les administrations publiques qui ont fait l’objet de notre étude, cela s’explique généralement par le style de management adopté. Dans ce type de structure, les pouvoirs sont centralisés dans le top management qui se charge des décisions prises et attache à la communication, la mission de la transmission des instructions et des consignes de travail aux employés. Pour les moyens de communication utilisés dans ces administrations se sont des moyens écrits, oraux ou médiatiques qui sont classiques ou modernes et qui se varient en fonction de la taille et des services offerts par ces administrations. On trouve par exemple les réunions de partage, la revue interne, l’affichage, newsletter, circulaires, facebook at work.etc.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Quant aux objectifs assignés à une politique de communication interne, il s’agit en premier lieu d’informer les employés afin de leur donner le sentiment qu’ils sont pris en considération et leur permettre de se situer dans l’organisation. Cette communication instrumentale reste nécessaire mais insuffisante pour stimuler l’engagement des employés comme il a été souligné par Sézanne et al.(2019).En deuxième lieu, les responsables ont cité l’adhésion et la participation des employés aux objectifs de l’organisation, qui peuvent être considérés comme des objectifs de la communication interne participative centrée sur les personnes, ces derniers peuvent subir des conséquences sous la forme d’un engagement des employés. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Enfin, nos résultats ont été éclairés par la majorité de nos responsables interrogés (90%), qui ont confirmé l’existence d’une relation d’influence positive entre la communication interne et l’engagement des employés dans les administrations publiques ayant fait l’objet de notre enquête exploratoire. Ce constat s’inscrit dans la lignée des conclusions de Verçiç & Vokic (2017) qui ont montré que les pratiques de la communication interne sont décisives pour l’engagement des employés. En ce qui concerne les moteurs essentiels à l’engagement des employés, nous avons constaté que la participation, la transparence, l’adhésion et l’écoute active et permanente des employés sont les dimensions de la communication interne les plus pertinentes et efficaces pour l’engagement des employés dans l’administration publique marocaine.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<h2 style="margin-bottom: 13px;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Conclusion et perspectives </span></span></span></b></span></span></span></h2>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Notre étude qualitative exploratoire a apporté plus d’éclairage sur la nature de la relation entre la communication interne et l’engagement des employés dans un contexte spécifique celui des administrations publiques marocaines. Bien que les spécialistes soulignent l’importance de la relation entre la communication interne et l’engagement des employés, les recherches empiriques sur leur association sont limitées (Karanges et al., 2015 ; Verçiç & Vokic,2017 ;Cézanne et al., 2019). Notre étude a confirmé que la communication interne à travers ses pratiques joue un rôle important dans la mobilisation et l’engagement des employés, Nous avons fourni des preuves empiriques qui s’ajoutent et confirment des résultats antérieurs (Abraham,2012 ; Welch et Ruck,2012 ;Karanges et al.,2015), et l’étude de Watson Wyat (2008), qui a confirmé que les organisations qui communiquent efficacement avec leurs employés sont quatre fois plus susceptibles de faire preuve d'un niveau élevé d'engagement des employés.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Nos résultats s’ajoutent à la littérature limitée en rapport avec ce sujet qui est sous étudié dans le service public. Ces résultats ont montré que la communication interne dans la fonction publique contribue à l’engagement des employés soit directement ou indirectement en favorisant un climat opportun à travers des pratiques de participation, d’adhésion et d’écoute active et permanente des employés.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Cependant ce travail n’est pas exempt de limites, lesquelles constituent autant de prolongement potentiels. D’abord, Bien qu’elles représentent diverses entreprises, cette étude exploratoire n’a interrogé que dix responsables qui sont toujours représentatifs du domaine de la gestion des ressources humaines. Ensuite, Une autre limite est que cette étude n’est pas une longitudinale, car elle a interrogé ces responsables à un moment donné. Les recherches à venir pourraient suivre les responsables de communication interne et/ou ressources humaines des administrations publiques au fil du temps pour comprendre l’influence de la communication interne sur l’engagement des employés, à différents moments et d’explorer les effets causaux. Puis, des recherches futures pourraient envisager d’étudier un groupe plus important d’employés et de cadres d’une même organisation publique ou privée pour déterminer si la relation d’influence positive est toujours maintenue. De plus notre échantillon est très petit, cette limite d'échantillonnage réduit la capacité de généraliser les résultats à l'ensemble de la population. Cette étude doit donc être considérée comme une étude pilote et une première étape dans une ligne de recherche plus large sur la relation entre la communication interne et l'engagement des employés. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">De plus, des recherches qualitatives supplémentaires pourraient permettre de mieux comprendre les perceptions des employés et des cadres à l'égard de la communication interne et comment cette fonction pourrait être plus efficace pour améliorer l'engagement des employés.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
<h3 style="margin-bottom: 13px;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Bibliographie </span></span></span></b></span></span></span></h3>
<p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Symbol">· </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Allen, N. J.,Meyer, J. P. (1990). </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. <i>Journal of Occupational </i></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Psychology</span></span></span></i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">, 63(1), 1–18.doi : <a href="https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"><span style="background:white"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="text-underline:none">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="color:black">· </span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Bailey, C., Madden, A., Alfes, K. et Fletcher, L. (2017). The meaning, antecedents and outcomes of employee engagement: A narrative synthesis. <i>International Journal of Management Reviews</i>, 19, 31-53.<span style="background:white"><span style="color:black">doi:</span></span> <span style="background:white"><span style="color:black">10.1111/ijmr.12077</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Symbol">· </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Bakker, A. B., Albrecht, S. L., et Leiter, M. P. (2011). </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Key questions regarding work engagement. </span></span></span><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology</span></span></span></i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">, 20(1), 4–28.doi : 10.1080/1359432X.2010.485352</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Symbol">· </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Balakrishnan,C., Masthan,D.(2013). Impact of Internal Communication on Employee Engagement – A Study at Delhi International Airport. <i>International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications</i>, 3,1-13.doi:<b> </b>10.29322.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Symbol">· </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Baumruk, R. (2004). The missing link: The role of employee engagement in business success. <i>Workspan</i>, 47(1), 48–52.Repéré a </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284674471_The_missing_link_The_role_of_employee_engagement_in_business_success" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline"><span lang="EN-US" style="text-decoration:none"><span style="text-underline:none">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284674471_The_missing_link_The_role_of_employee_engagement_in_business_success</span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Symbol">· </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Cézanne</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">, C., Loufrani-Fedida, S., Luu, P. et </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Saglietto,L<span style="background:white">. (2019). L’influence de la communication interne d’entreprise sur l’engagement des salariés au travail : les apports de l’enquête réponse 2011. <i>Revue de gestion des ressources humaines</i>, 114(4), 31-51. doi:10.3917/grhu.114.0031.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Symbol">· </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Charreire S., Durieux F. (1999), Explorer et tester, in : Thiétart, R-A et coll., <i>Méthodes de recherche en Management, </i>Paris, Editions Dunod.Repéré a <a href="https://www.dunod.com/sites/default/files/atoms/files/9782100711093/Feuilletage.pdf" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="text-underline:none">https://www.dunod.com/sites/default/files/atoms/files/9782100711093/Feuilletage.pdf</span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Symbol">· </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Cheney, G. (1999). Values at work. Ithaca, NY: ILR Press.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Symbol">· </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Chong, M. (2007). </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">The role of internal communication and training in infusing corporate values and delivering brand promise: Singapore Airlines’ experience. <i>Corporate Reputation Review</i>, 10, 201-212.doi : </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><a href="https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.crr.1550051" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline"><span lang="EN-US" style="background:#fcfcfc"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="text-underline:none">https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.crr.1550051</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Symbol">· </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">D’Almeida, N., Libaert, T. (2018). <i>La communication interne des entreprises</i>. </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">8e éd, Paris :Dunod.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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