<p>R&eacute;sum&eacute;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">La pand&eacute;mie de Coronavirus a cr&eacute;&eacute; une nouvelle donne de la pr&eacute;servation de la m&eacute;moire du Web en temps de crise. Elle a modifi&eacute; les formes documentaires ainsi que les syst&egrave;mes de stockage et d&rsquo;archivage &eacute;voluant dans des environnements num&eacute;riques r&eacute;seaut&eacute;s. Cette nouvelle donne s&rsquo;organise dans des &eacute;cosyst&egrave;mes de reconstruction documentaire vers la data gr&acirc;ce &agrave; des syst&egrave;mes de redocumentation et de biblioth&egrave;ques num&eacute;riques. Cette mutation s&rsquo;inscrit dans une tendance pr&eacute;existante &agrave; la crise sanitaire par la mont&eacute;e en puissance des mutations des documents num&eacute;riques et des nouvelles interrelations entre droits de la propri&eacute;t&eacute; intellectuelle, droits patrimoniaux et diffusion des documentations num&eacute;riques. (Le Cosnier, 2013) Cette &eacute;tude s&rsquo;ins&egrave;re dans un processus d&rsquo;am&eacute;lioration continue o&ugrave; cette disruption acc&eacute;l&eacute;r&eacute;e par les confinements se focalise vers davantage de mise en coh&eacute;rence de l&rsquo;information. Celle-ci s&rsquo;ancre entre une imm&eacute;diatet&eacute; et une permanence d&rsquo;un nouvel ordre. Ainsi, une nouvelle relation avec les usagers se met en place induisant de nouveaux comportements strat&eacute;giques. Les usagers s&rsquo;imposent comme des prosumers, tant ils sont proactifs. Il s&rsquo;agit ici d&rsquo;envisager le passage de l&rsquo;&eacute;dition &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;ditorialisation et de citer &agrave; titre illustratif, les communaut&eacute;s Wiki et le web social 2.0. Dans le m&ecirc;me temps, cette p&eacute;riode a favoris&eacute; les introspections pour les transcender et explorer de nouveaux horizons dans des &eacute;cosyst&egrave;mes r&eacute;seaut&eacute;s. Une nouvelle forme de base de donn&eacute;es se met en place, celles des &laquo;&nbsp;banques de la m&eacute;moire&nbsp;&raquo;. (Hennion et al., 2020)</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Il s&rsquo;agit ici de pr&eacute;senter l&rsquo;&eacute;tat de la question en &eacute;tudiant particuli&egrave;rement les nouvelles formes documentaires qui induisent un nouveau continuum temporel dans des environnements num&eacute;riques r&eacute;seaut&eacute;s et favorisant de nouvelles valeurs et caract&eacute;ristiques marqu&eacute;es par le passage de la m&eacute;diation &agrave; la d&eacute;sinterm&eacute;diation des dispositifs info-documentaires num&eacute;riques. Un nouveau paradigme appara&icirc;t alors, c&rsquo;est celui de l&rsquo;exp&eacute;rimentation du savoir. (Cachard et al., 2017)</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Cela incite &agrave; s&rsquo;interroger sur une triple dimension&nbsp;: les nouveaux paradigmes induits par le passage d&rsquo;une logique de stocks &agrave; une logique de flux (basculement de l&rsquo;URL vers l&rsquo;URI)&nbsp;; les nouveaux processus vers une redocumentarisation, ainsi que sur les nouveaux d&eacute;fis num&eacute;riques orient&eacute;s vers une nouvelle strat&eacute;gie de m&eacute;moire collective ax&eacute;e sur la transmission et l&rsquo;interaction (legenda, story, trackback, Communaut&eacute;s). Ce nouveau processus concerne autant les documentations que les individus (r&eacute;seau rtp-doc, Web 2.0)</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">L&rsquo;objectif de cette &eacute;tude vise &agrave; d&eacute;montrer la pertinence des nouvelles formes documentaires dans les environnements num&eacute;riques r&eacute;seaut&eacute;s (web s&eacute;mantique, web de donn&eacute;es, Workflow). (Sala&uuml;n, 2004)</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Afin d&rsquo;ancrer la r&eacute;flexion, cette &eacute;tude a examin&eacute; les &eacute;l&eacute;ments d&rsquo;analyse contribuant &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;clairage de cet appel &agrave; articles. L&rsquo;&eacute;tude s&rsquo;appuie sur des outils litt&eacute;raires confront&eacute;s au terrain, ici qualifi&eacute; de disruptif en raison de la n&eacute;cessaire adaptabilit&eacute; et flexibilit&eacute; induites des documents num&eacute;riques dans un &eacute;cosyst&egrave;me en mutation. (Sala&uuml;n, 2000)</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Cette &eacute;tude est partie du constat que les usagers des nouvelles formes documentaires (y compris les g&eacute;n&eacute;rations X, Y et Z), en devenant acteurs de leur info-documentation sont confront&eacute;s &agrave; de nouvelles difficult&eacute;s n&eacute;cessitant un accompagnement pour une indispensable mont&eacute;e en puissance de leurs comp&eacute;tences. (Spinnzy, 2002&nbsp;; Storck, 2009) Cet apprentissage s&rsquo;inscrit dans une p&eacute;riode de transition num&eacute;rique qui accro&icirc;t les attentes et les besoins de num&eacute;risation des documentations afin de s&rsquo;inscrire dans les nouvelles complexit&eacute;s des &eacute;cosyst&egrave;mes r&eacute;seaut&eacute;s o&ugrave; la pand&eacute;mie appara&icirc;t comme une v&eacute;ritable opportunit&eacute;. (Moffatt, 2020&nbsp;; Rieger, 2020) </span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Les principaux r&eacute;sultats de cette &eacute;tude reposent sur les nouvelles strat&eacute;gies collaboratives complexes de d&eacute;construction-reconstruction de l&rsquo;information, appliqu&eacute;s &agrave; une nouvelle m&eacute;moire collective induisant de nouvelles comp&eacute;tences et m&eacute;tiers. En effet, l&rsquo;Institut du Futur consid&egrave;re que 85% des m&eacute;tiers de demain n&rsquo;existent pas aujourd&rsquo;hui. (Sala&uuml;n, 20204)</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Les apports de cette &eacute;tude s&rsquo;orientent sur l&rsquo;adaptabilit&eacute; et la flexibilit&eacute; des nouveaux d&eacute;fis des environnements num&eacute;riques r&eacute;seaut&eacute;s ancr&eacute;s sur une approche collaborative et accessible &agrave; tous les usagers des info-documentations par des outils b&eacute;n&eacute;ficiant d&rsquo;une nouvelle l&eacute;gitimit&eacute; documentaire comme YouTube, Netflix, les r&eacute;seaux sociaux, etc. A titre illustratif, il convient de citer les &oelig;uvres d&rsquo;art uniquement num&eacute;riques. La voie est donc ouverte vers une nouvelle &eacute;conomie de la connaissance ainsi qu&rsquo;&agrave; la transformation de l&rsquo;exp&eacute;rience-usager.(Monnin, 2020) </span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Abstract</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">The Coronavirus pandemic has opened new opportunities for the preservation of the memory of the Web in times of crisis. It has profoundly changed the ecosystems of documentary forms as well as storage and archiving systems evolving in networked digital environments. These are evolving from documentary reconstruction to data thanks to redocumentation systems and digital libraries. This development is part of a major trend pre-existing the health crisis by the rise of changes in digital documents and new interrelationships between intellectual property rights, economic rights and the distribution of digital documentation. (Le Crosnier, 2013) This study is part of a continuous improvement process where this disruption accelerated by confinements is focused on making the information more consistent, which is anchored between immediacy and permanence. Thus, a new relationship with users is set up, inducing new strategic behaviors. Users become prosumers, they are proactive. This is to consider the transition from editing to editorialization and to cite by way of illustration, Wiki communities, social web 2.0. At the same time, this period favored introspections to transcend them and explore new horizons in networked ecosystems. A new form of database is being set up in place, those of the &ldquo;memory banks&rdquo;. (Hennion et al., 2020)</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">It is a question here of presenting a state of the matter by studying in particular the new documentary forms which induce a new temporal continuum in networked digital environments and favoring new values ​​and characteristics marked by the passage from mediation to the disintermediation of information systems and digital documentaries. A new paradigm then appears, that of the experimentation of knowledge. </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">(Cachard et al., 2017)</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">This prompts us to question a triple dimension: the new paradigms induced by the shift from a logic of stocks to a logic of flow (switching from the URL to the URI); new processes towards re-documentarization, as well as new digital challenges oriented towards a new collective memory strategy focused on transmission and interaction (legenda, story, trackback, Communities). This new process concerns both documentation and individuals (rtp-doc network, Web 2.0)</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">The objective of this study is to demonstrate the relevance of new documentary forms in networked digital environments (semantic web, data web, workflow). (Sala&uuml;n, 2004)</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">In order to anchor the reflection, this study examined the elements of analysis contributing to the light of this call for papers. The study is based on literary tools confronted with the field here described as disruptive due to the necessary adaptability and flexibility induced by digital documents in a changing ecosystem. (Sala&uuml;n, 2000)</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">This study started from the observation that users of new documentary forms (including the generations X, Y and Z), by becoming actors of their info-documentation, are confronted with new difficulties requiring support for an essential increase in the power of their skills. (Spinney, 2020, Storck, 2009) This learning is part of a period of digital transition which is increasing the expectations and needs for digitizing documentation in order to fit into the new complexities of networked ecosystems where the pandemic appears to be a real opportunity. (Mofatt, 2020; Rieger, 2020) </span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">The main results of this study are based on new, complex collaborative strategies for the deconstruction-reconstruction of information, applied to a new collective memory inducing new skills and professions. Indeed, the Institute of the Future considers that 85% of the professions of tomorrow do not exist today.(Sala&uuml;n, 2004)</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">The contributions of this study focus on the adaptability and flexibility of the new challenges of networked digital environments anchored on a collaborative approach and accessible to all users of info-documentation through tools benefiting from a new documentary legitimacy such as YouTube, Netflix, social networks, etc. By way of illustration, digital works of art should be mentioned. The way is therefore open to a new knowledge economy as well as to the training of user experience. (Monnin, 2020)</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px">&nbsp;</p>