<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Garamond, serif"><strong><span style="border:none windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0cm">REPRESENTATIONS SOCIALES ET RAPPORTS AU PARLER NOUCHI CHEZ LES POPULATIONS A ABIDJAN</span></strong></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="border:none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size:9.0pt; padding:0cm"><span style="line-height:115%">AZOH Fran&ccedil;ois-Joseph est Enseignant-Chercheur &agrave; l&rsquo;Ecole Normale Sup&eacute;rieure d&rsquo;Abidjan et Directeur du Groupe d&rsquo;Etudes et de Recherches sur les Repr&eacute;sentations Sociales. Il est Professeur Titulaire en charge des cours de psychosociologie de l&rsquo;&eacute;ducation &agrave; l&rsquo;ENS et charg&eacute; de cours au D&eacute;partement de Psychologie de l&rsquo;Universit&eacute; de Felix Houphou&euml;t Boigny et au Centre Ivoirien d&rsquo;&Eacute;tudes et de Recherche en Psychologie Appliqu&eacute;e. Il est membre fondateur de l&rsquo;Association Ivoirienne de Recherche en &Eacute;ducation (A.I.R.E). Il exerce des activit&eacute;s dans le champ de la Psychoth&eacute;rapie. Ses centres d&rsquo;int&eacute;r&ecirc;ts sont les repr&eacute;sentations sociales, le contr&ocirc;le interne des performances sociales et scolaires, l&rsquo;&eacute;ducation inclusive et les comportements de violence dans l&rsquo;espace &eacute;ducatif.</span></span><em> </em></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Garamond, serif"><span style="border:none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size:9.0pt; padding:0cm">YAO Kouakou Daniel est Enseignant-Chercheur &agrave; l&rsquo;Universit&eacute; Jean L. Gu&eacute;d&eacute;_ Daloa au sein de l&rsquo;UFR Sciences Sociales et Humaines. Ancien de l&rsquo;ENS (Conseiller d&rsquo;orientation), Il est criminologue, Maitre-assistant et membre du Groupe d&rsquo;Etudes et de Recherches sur les Repr&eacute;sentations Sociales (GERS-Abidjan), du Laboratoire d&rsquo;Etudes et de Pr&eacute;vention en Psycho&eacute;ducation (LEPPE) ou encore </span><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="background:whitesmoke"><span arial="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">de A.I.R.E.</span></span></span></span></em><span style="border:none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size:9.0pt; padding:0cm"> Ses travaux de recherche portent sur les repr&eacute;sentations sociales, les violences urbaines, les addictions toxicomaniaques, les marginalit&eacute;s et d&eacute;viances juv&eacute;niles ou encoure le syst&egrave;me &eacute;ducatif. </span></span></span></p> <h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b>INTRODUCTION</b></span></span></h2> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">La C&ocirc;te d&rsquo;Ivoire, &agrave; l&rsquo;image des anciens territoires fran&ccedil;ais, a &eacute;rig&eacute; la langue du colonisateur au rang de langue officielle &agrave; son accession &agrave; l&rsquo;ind&eacute;pendance. Il s&rsquo;agissait de susciter selon les dirigeants, dans un contexte plurilinguiste, un &Eacute;tat fort pour arraisonner les pol&eacute;miques, conflits interethniques et vell&eacute;it&eacute;s de s&eacute;cession &agrave; l&rsquo;instar de celle de la r&eacute;gion du <i>Sanwi</i> mitoyenne du Ghana anglophone dans le Sud-est du pays (Boni, 1982&nbsp;; N&rsquo;Guessan, 2008&nbsp;; Leclerc, 2002). La langue fran&ccedil;aise, ainsi investie du statut d&rsquo;&eacute;l&eacute;ment coh&eacute;sif, ayant pr&eacute;&eacute;minence sur les langues locales, devait favoriser le fonctionnement de l&rsquo;Administration et l&rsquo;acquisition des outils de d&eacute;veloppement par l&rsquo;instruction &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;cole fran&ccedil;aise (N&rsquo;Guessan, 2005&nbsp;; Wald, 1994).</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Pourtant, l&rsquo;enracinement dans le tissu linguistique ivoirien du fran&ccedil;ais n&rsquo;a pu &eacute;touffer l&rsquo;&eacute;mergence d&rsquo;autres langues dites urbaines comme le <i>Fpi<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">[1]</span></span></span></b></span></span></a></i> <em><span style="font-style:normal">et</span> </em><em><span style="font-style:normal">le</span> nouchi</em><em><span style="font-style:normal">. Si le </span>Fpi</em><em><span style="font-style:normal"> constitue une rupture d&rsquo;avec les r&egrave;gles grammaticales et syntaxiques du fran&ccedil;ais, propres aux personnes illettr&eacute;es</span> </em><em><span style="font-style:normal">(Mel et N&rsquo;Guessan, 1990), le </span>nouchi</em><em><span style="font-style:normal"> quant &agrave; lui semble b&eacute;n&eacute;ficier d&rsquo;un statut ambigu qui fait pol&eacute;mique. Il est </span></em>consid&eacute;r&eacute; tant&ocirc;t comme un sociolecte ou un moyen pour une classe sociale de s&rsquo;affirmer et de revendiquer son identit&eacute; (<span style="color:black">Calvet, 1997&nbsp;; </span>Grah, 2015&nbsp;; Kouam&eacute;, 2013&nbsp;<em><span style="font-style:normal">; N&rsquo;Cho-Ats&eacute;, 2014</span></em>)&nbsp;; son expansion &agrave; toutes les couches de la soci&eacute;t&eacute; et son ancrage dans les milieux, jusqu&rsquo;ici sanctuaris&eacute;s par le fran&ccedil;ais standard, notamment l&rsquo;Administration, l&rsquo;Ecole et le champ politique le consacre dans son statut privil&eacute;gi&eacute;<span style="color:black"> (</span>Boutin et N&rsquo;guessan, 2015). Il est per&ccedil;u tant&ocirc;t aussi comme un argot marqueur de l&rsquo;identit&eacute; de jeunes marginaux, <em><span style="font-style:normal">souvent &laquo;&nbsp;f&acirc;ch&eacute;es avec l&rsquo;&eacute;cole&nbsp;&raquo;,</span> </em>voire des d&eacute;linquants ou <i>Nushi</i> (Aboa, 2011&nbsp;; Boutin et Dodo, 2016).</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">La pr&eacute;gnance du <i>nouchi</i> est adoss&eacute;e au fait qu&rsquo;il pr&eacute;sente un code graphique sp&eacute;cifique qui le rend accessible aux populations par la d&eacute;rogation aux r&egrave;gles contraignantes de la grammaire fran&ccedil;aise (<span style="color:black">Ahua, 2007), une cr&eacute;ativit&eacute; lexicale dynamique (Ats&eacute; N&rsquo;Cho, ibid; Dodo, 2015), une r&eacute;appropriation par les politiques au fin de cr&eacute;er une forme de connivence avec les populations, surtout en p&eacute;riode </span>&eacute;lectorale (Aboa, 2009&nbsp;; Ahua et Coulibaly, 1986&nbsp;; Grah, 2014), et en tant que parler trans-ethnique qui s&rsquo;enrichit des apports de diverses langues vernaculaires locales (N&rsquo;Guessan, <span style="color:black">ibid</span>&nbsp;; Lafage, 1998).</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">L&rsquo;agencement de tous ces &eacute;l&eacute;ments nous fonde &agrave; constater l&rsquo;existence n&eacute;anmoins d&rsquo;un paradoxe car le <i>nouchi</i> peine &agrave; acqu&eacute;rir un statut officiel alors que ce parler v&eacute;hiculaire tient une place centrale en C&ocirc;te d&rsquo;Ivoire&nbsp;: </span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">&laquo;&nbsp;<i>(&hellip;) Certains idiomes comme le &ldquo;nouchi&rdquo;, ne sont m&ecirc;me pas reconnus comme langue nationale. Or sur le plan fonctionnel, selon un certain nombre de statistiques et de faits concrets observables sur le terrain, le nouchi est la langue la plus parl&eacute;e et la plus utilis&eacute;e en C&ocirc;te d&rsquo;Ivoire. Il occupe la position de langue hypercentrale par rapport &agrave; la langue fran&ccedil;aise et aux autres langues locales.&nbsp;</i>&raquo; (Grah, <span style="color:black">ibid.</span>&nbsp;:17).</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Les prises de positions diff&eacute;rentes, voire antagonistes face au <i>nouchi</i> questionnent d&egrave;s lors un r&eacute;seau d&rsquo;opinions, de croyances, d&rsquo;attitudes et de pratiques inh&eacute;rentes aux repr&eacute;sentions sociales. Les repr&eacute;sentations sociales sont d&eacute;finies entre autres comme &laquo; une forme de connaissance, socialement &eacute;labor&eacute;e et partag&eacute;e ayant une vis&eacute;e pratique, concourant &agrave; la construction d&rsquo;une r&eacute;alit&eacute; commune &agrave; un ensemble social &raquo; (Jodelet, 1989, p.36). Elles assurent une fonction d&rsquo;orientation des comportements et des pratiques car elles correspondent &agrave;&nbsp;:</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">&laquo; <i>une vision fonctionnelle du monde, qui permet &agrave; l&rsquo;individu ou au groupe de donner un sens &agrave; ses conduites, et de comprendre la r&eacute;alit&eacute;, &agrave; travers son propre syst&egrave;me de r&eacute;f&eacute;rences, donc de s&rsquo;y adapter, de s&rsquo;y d&eacute;finir une place</i> &raquo; (Abric, 1994&nbsp;:13).</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Le lien entre repr&eacute;sentations sociales et langage par ailleurs est &eacute;tabli par plusieurs travaux (<span style="color:black">Lafage, 1980&nbsp;; Py, 2004&nbsp;; Varoqueaux, 1995&nbsp;;</span> Yao et Dj&egrave; bi Kahou, 2019<span style="color:black">). La </span>relation entre le sujet et l&#39;objet social, en l&rsquo;occurrence, le <i>nouchi</i>, est socialement m&eacute;diatis&eacute;e et des processus de communication interindividuels et intergroupes s&rsquo;&eacute;laborent chez les populations abidjanaises de fa&ccedil;on permanente. Une repr&eacute;sentation sociale &eacute;tant collectivement produite gr&acirc;ce &agrave; un processus de communication collective, nous pouvons &agrave; la suite de Moliner et al., (2002), postuler que ces communications collectives se font gr&acirc;ce au langage (<i>nouchi</i>) et sont m&eacute;diatis&eacute;es par le langage (<i>nouchi</i>) qui les inscrits dans une culture sp&eacute;cifique au groupe, avec ses codes verbaux et non-verbaux, ses normes, ses r&eacute;f&eacute;rences et ses valeurs. </span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Dans l&rsquo;approche structurale, les repr&eacute;sentations sociales poss&egrave;dent une structure ayant un noyau central et un syst&egrave;me p&eacute;riph&eacute;rique. Le noyau central donne &agrave; la repr&eacute;sentation, sa signification et organise les relations entre ses &eacute;l&eacute;ments (Moliner, Rateau et Cohen-Scali, 2002).</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Sur cette base, mobiliser la th&eacute;orie des r<strong><span style="border:none windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0cm; font-weight:normal">epr&eacute;sentations sociales constitue une d&eacute;marche pertinente pour analyser les rapports au parler </span></strong><i>nouchi</i><strong><span style="border:none windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0cm; font-weight:normal"> chez les populations &agrave; Abidjan.</span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">L&rsquo;objectif de notre travail est d&rsquo;analyser ainsi, les repr&eacute;sentations sociales que les populations associent au <i>nouchi</i> et qui organisent leurs diff&eacute;rents rapports face &agrave; ce parler sp&eacute;cifique.</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Cet objectif se d&eacute;cline en des objectifs sp&eacute;cifiques notamment&nbsp;:</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-family:Wingdings">&uuml; </span>Identifier le contenu et l&rsquo;organisation des repr&eacute;sentations sociales associ&eacute;es au <i>nouchi</i> par les sous-groupes enqu&ecirc;t&eacute;s&nbsp;;</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-family:Wingdings">&uuml; </span>Distinguer les &eacute;motions, r&eacute;actions physiologiques et les dispositions &agrave; l&rsquo;action suscit&eacute;es par la pratique du <i>nouchi</i> chez les sous-groupes enqu&ecirc;t&eacute;s&nbsp;;</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-bottom:13px; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Garamond, serif"><span style="font-family:Wingdings">&uuml; </span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Examiner les finalit&eacute;s associ&eacute;es au <i>nouchi</i> par les sous-groupes enqu&ecirc;t&eacute;s.</span></span></span></span></p> <h2 style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 13px;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">1. METHODOLOGIE DE L&rsquo;ETUDE</span></b></span></span></span></h2> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Notre &eacute;tude est inscrite dans une approche mixte qui exploite aussi bien la technique de l&rsquo;entretien que celle du sondage (questionnaires et &eacute;chelles).</span></span></span></span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 13px;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">1.1. Proc&eacute;dure</span></b></span></span></span></h3> <h4 style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 13px;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">1.1.1. Mat&eacute;riel</span></b></span></span></span></h4> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Nous avons utilis&eacute; comme mat&eacute;riel un DVD, un vid&eacute;oprojecteur et des haut-parleurs pour la projection dans les salles de travaux dirig&eacute;s (TD) d&rsquo;un extrait filmique qui pr&eacute;sentait une mise en sc&egrave;ne o&ugrave; les acteurs s&rsquo;expriment en <em>nouchi.</em> Nous avons retenu &eacute;galement un guide d&rsquo;entretien semi-structur&eacute; explorant les logiques sociocognitives qui organisent les repr&eacute;sentations sociales du <em>nouchi</em> chez les enqu&ecirc;t&eacute;s. Cet outil reprend en partie les grands axes d&rsquo;&eacute;change identifi&eacute;s au niveau des questionnaires et des diverses &eacute;chelles.</span></span></span></span></p> <h4 style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 13px;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">1.1.2. Echantillon</span></b></span></span></span></h4> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Le recrutement des participants a &eacute;t&eacute; fait par les 2 enqu&ecirc;teurs principaux aid&eacute;s en cela d&rsquo;enqu&ecirc;teurs juniors. Cette phase de l&rsquo;&eacute;tude s&rsquo;est d&eacute;roul&eacute;e au sein de l&rsquo;Ecole Normale Sup&eacute;rieure d&rsquo;Abidjan (ENS). Les caract&eacute;ristiques qui ont guid&eacute; la s&eacute;lection des participants sont celles de la fili&egrave;re de formation, du niveau d&rsquo;&eacute;tude et l&rsquo;&acirc;ge en lien avec la technique du choix raisonn&eacute; (Gu&eacute;guen, 2005). Il s&rsquo;agissait d&rsquo;int&eacute;grer ces variables dans le panel afin de tendre vers une repr&eacute;sentativit&eacute; cat&eacute;gorielle de la population d&rsquo;&eacute;tude. Les fili&egrave;res concern&eacute;es sont Allemand, Espagnol, G&eacute;ographie, Lettres Modernes, Math&eacute;matiques, Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre (SVT) et Sciences de l&rsquo;Education. Nous avons pu obtenir ainsi, 224 enqu&ecirc;t&eacute;s dont l&rsquo;&acirc;ge varie entre 23 et 56 ans pour une moyenne de 39,11 ans et un &eacute;cart type de 7,19 pour les questionnaires. Pour le guide d&rsquo;entretien, nous comptons 21 interview&eacute;s parmi les &eacute;l&egrave;ves de l&rsquo;ENS&nbsp;; ce qui donne un total de 245 participants.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Passation</span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">L&rsquo;extrait filmique s&eacute;lectionn&eacute; selon certains crit&egrave;res (peu de bruits ind&eacute;sirables, images nettes, discours audibles, absence de sous-titrage en fran&ccedil;ais, etc.), et projet&eacute; dans une salle appropri&eacute;e, a une dur&eacute;e de 02 minutes 28 secondes et s&rsquo;intitule : &laquo;&nbsp;explication entre <i>nouchi</i>&nbsp;&raquo;. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Il est disponible sur la plateforme YouTube &agrave; l&rsquo;adresse suivante&nbsp;: </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CzNSwVAICXk" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#0070c0">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CzNSwVAICXk</span></span></a> </span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Apr&egrave;s la projection du film, un outil con&ccedil;u comme une batterie de tests est administr&eacute; aux participants &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;tude et il int&egrave;gre :</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Garamond, serif"><span style="font-family:Wingdings">&uuml; </span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2 questionnaires d&rsquo;&eacute;vocations hi&eacute;rarchis&eacute;es li&eacute;es au <em>nouchi</em> et &agrave; ses finalit&eacute;s ;</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Garamond, serif"><span style="font-family:Wingdings">&uuml; </span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">1 &eacute;chelle d&rsquo;&eacute;motion li&eacute;e &agrave; l&rsquo;usage du <em>nouchi </em>;</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Garamond, serif"><span style="font-family:Wingdings">&uuml; </span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">1 &eacute;chelle de r&eacute;action physiologique et de disposition &agrave; l&rsquo;action li&eacute;e au <em>nouchi</em> ;</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-bottom:13px; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Garamond, serif"><span style="font-family:Wingdings">&uuml; </span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">1 &eacute;chelle d&rsquo;esth&eacute;tique li&eacute;e au <em>nouchi</em>.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">La dur&eacute;e moyenne de chaque s&eacute;ance est de 45 minutes pendant les 4 focus-group h&eacute;t&eacute;rog&egrave;nes.</span></span></span></span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 13px;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">1.2. Traitement</span></b></span></span></span></h3> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Les donn&eacute;es obtenues sont trait&eacute;es selon deux grandes approches&nbsp;: une analyse de contenu de type lexico-s&eacute;mantique (Dany, 2016), sur les productions langagi&egrave;res issues du guide d&rsquo;entretien semi-structur&eacute; et une analyse statistique sur les r&eacute;ponses aux &eacute;chelles ou questions ferm&eacute;es. Les discours sont retranscrits en format Word puis soumis au processus de d&eacute;limitation, de codage, de formatage selon l&rsquo;extension texte brut (*txt.), de structuration et de balisage selon les inputs du logiciel Iramuteq (P&eacute;lissier, 2016). Des algorithmes sp&eacute;cifiques aux analyses lexicom&eacute;trique et repr&eacute;sentationnelle sont alors mobilis&eacute;s (Leblanc, 2017). La classification descendante hi&eacute;rarchique (CDH) a permis ainsi d&rsquo;identifier des classes statistiquement ind&eacute;pendantes de mots (de formes) par rapport au corpus <em>nouchi.</em><em> </em>Ces classes interpr&eacute;t&eacute;es gr&acirc;ce &agrave; leurs profils (dendrogrammes) contribuent &agrave; discriminer les formes sp&eacute;cifiques corr&eacute;l&eacute;es entre elles et qui donnent sens aux discours des enqu&ecirc;t&eacute;s (Ratinaud et D&eacute;jean, 2009 ; Salone, 2014). L&#39;analyse factorielle des correspondances (AFC) a contribu&eacute; &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;tude l&#39;association entre des variables qualitatives (sexe, niveau d&rsquo;&eacute;tude, &eacute;motion, r&eacute;action physiologique, etc.) et type de cognitions activ&eacute;es au sein des discours produits. L&rsquo;analyse prototypique sur les donn&eacute;es du questionnaire d&rsquo;&eacute;vocations hi&eacute;rarchis&eacute;es a permis d&rsquo;extraire le contenu et l&rsquo;organisation des items repr&eacute;sentationnels associ&eacute;s par les populations &agrave; la pratique du <em>nouchi</em>. Ces diff&eacute;rentes op&eacute;rations ont &eacute;t&eacute; effectu&eacute;es gr&acirc;ce aux logiciels Evoc, Sphinx Plus<sup>2</sup> et Iramuteq (Ratinaud et D&eacute;jean, <span style="color:black">ibid.</span>).</span></span></span></span></p> <h2 style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 13px;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2. RESULTATS DE L&rsquo;ETUDE</span></b></span></span></span></h2> <h3 style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 13px;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2.1. Identification des repr&eacute;sentations sociales du <i>nouchi</i> par les enqu&ecirc;t&eacute;s </span></b></span></span></span></h3> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Il s&rsquo;agit ici de savoir les raisons pour lesquelles, certains sous-groupes de populations utilisent le <em>nouchi</em>. La lecture s&rsquo;op&egrave;re &agrave; travers le<span style="color:black"> quadrant en haut et &agrave; gauche (case gris&eacute;e) qui comprend les mots &agrave; la fois tr&egrave;s fr&eacute;quents et cit&eacute;s dans les premiers rangs (pr&eacute;sum&eacute;s centraux dans la repr&eacute;sentation). Le quadrant en haut et &agrave; droite et celui en bas et &agrave; gauche comprennent les mots pour lequel, il y a une contradiction entre le crit&egrave;re du rang et de la fr&eacute;quence. Le dernier quadrant en bas et &agrave; droite comprend enfin, les mots les plus &laquo;&nbsp;p&eacute;riph&eacute;riques&nbsp;&raquo;.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Tableau 1&nbsp;: <span style="color:black">r&eacute;partition des &eacute;vocations en fonction du rang et de la fr&eacute;quence pour l&rsquo;ensemble de la population sur les raisons d&rsquo;usage du </span><em>nouchi</em></span></span></span></span></p> <table align="center" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:307px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:24px; background-color:#e7e6e6; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Fr&eacute;quence &gt;= 26 et Rang Moyen &lt;2,5</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:297px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:24px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Fr&eacute;quence &gt;= 26 et Rang Moyen &gt;2,5</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:128px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:#e7e6e6; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Mots</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:81px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:#e7e6e6; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Fr&eacute;quence</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:98px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:#e7e6e6; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Rang Moyen</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:124px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Mots</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:76px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Fr&eacute;quence</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:98px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Rang Moyen</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:128px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:#e7e6e6; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Analphab&eacute;tisme</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Communiquer</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Non-ma&icirc;trise- langue-</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">fran&ccedil;aise</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:81px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:#e7e6e6; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">39</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">69</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">29</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:98px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:#e7e6e6; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">1,897</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">2,087</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">2,448</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:124px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Difficult&eacute;s- exprimer-</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">correctement</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Effet-mode</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Accessible</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Moyen-expression</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:76px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">26</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">52</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">62</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">35</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:98px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2,962</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2,635</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2,790</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2,743</span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:307px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:14px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Fr&eacute;quence &lt;= 26 et Rang Moyen &lt;2,5</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:297px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:14px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Fr&eacute;quence &lt;= 26 et Rang Moyen &gt;2,5</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:128px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Mots</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:81px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Fr&eacute;quence</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:98px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Rang Moyen</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:124px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Mots</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:76px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Fr&eacute;quence</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:98px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Rang Moyen</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:128px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:79px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Accessible-tous</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Coder-communication</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Coder- conversation</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:81px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:79px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">11</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">20</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">10</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:98px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:79px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2,455</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2,200</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2,300</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:124px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:79px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Affirmer- appartenance-</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">groupe</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Langage propre-</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">ivoiriens</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:76px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:79px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">12</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">11</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:98px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:79px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2,833</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2,909</span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Nombre total de mots diff&eacute;rents: 383. Nombre total de mots cit&eacute;s: 1176. La Fr&eacute;quence minimale des mots est 5.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Pour l&rsquo;ensemble des r&eacute;pondants, les logiques sociocognitives qui expliquent l&rsquo;usage du <em>nouchi</em> renvoient d&rsquo;une part, &agrave; la fonction performative de la langue &laquo;&nbsp;Communiquer&nbsp;&raquo; et d&rsquo;autre part, &agrave; des limitations sp&eacute;cifiques aux locuteurs &laquo;&nbsp;Analphab&eacute;tisme &amp; Non-ma&icirc;trise langue fran&ccedil;aise&nbsp;&raquo;. Ces 2 grands n&oelig;uds logiques identifi&eacute;s sont pr&eacute;gnants &eacute;galement &agrave; la 1<sup>&egrave;re</sup> p&eacute;riph&eacute;rie avec &laquo;&nbsp;difficult&eacute;-exprimer-correctement&nbsp;&raquo; et un &laquo;&nbsp;effet-mode&nbsp;&raquo; inh&eacute;rent surtout au fait que ce sont les jeunes de la rue dans l&rsquo;imaginaire collectif qui manipulent le <em>nouchi.</em></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Dans la zone des &eacute;l&eacute;ments contrast&eacute;s enfin, nous notons que le <em>nouchi</em> poss&eacute;derait la capacit&eacute; de pr&eacute;server le secret de la communication avec le verbe &laquo;&nbsp;coder&nbsp;&raquo;. Apr&egrave;s cette analyse globale du corpus sur l&rsquo;ensemble des participants, il convient d&rsquo;op&eacute;rer des analyses compar&eacute;es afin de statuer sur l&rsquo;influence ou non de certaines variables sur les prises de position par rapport au <em>nouchi</em>.</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Tableau 2&nbsp;: <span style="color:black">r&eacute;partition des &eacute;vocations en fonction du rang et de la fr&eacute;quence selon les groupes d&rsquo;&acirc;ge sur les raisons d&rsquo;usage du </span><em>nouchi</em></span></span></span></span></p> <table align="center" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:307px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:24px; background-color:#e7e6e6; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Groupe de r&eacute;pondants &acirc;g&eacute;s de 23-39 ans</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:289px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:24px; background-color:#e7e6e6; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Groupe de r&eacute;pondants &acirc;g&eacute;s de 40-56 ans</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:307px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:24px; background-color:white; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Fr&eacute;quence &gt;= 17 et Rang Moyen &lt;2,4</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:289px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:24px; background-color:white; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Fr&eacute;quence &gt;= 26 et Rang Moyen &lt;2,5</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:128px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:white; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Mots</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:81px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:white; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Fr&eacute;quence</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:98px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:white; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Rang Moyen</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:119px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:white; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Mots</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:81px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:white; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Fr&eacute;quence</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:89px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:white; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Rang Moyen</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:128px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Analphab&eacute;tisme</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Coder-conversation</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Communiquer</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:81px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">12</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">13</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">23</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:98px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2,083</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2,077</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2,304</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:119px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Communiquer</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Se-faire-comprendre</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:81px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">20</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">25</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:89px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2,000</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">1,840</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">La variable &laquo;&nbsp;&acirc;ge&nbsp;&raquo; permet de discriminer une repr&eacute;sentation plus complexe chez les moins &acirc;g&eacute;s [23 ans-39 ans] comparativement aux plus &acirc;g&eacute;s des r&eacute;pondants [40 ans-56 ans]. Les raisons d&rsquo;utiliser le <em>nouchi</em><em> </em>selon les premiers sont adoss&eacute;es &agrave; la fonction performative de la langue &laquo;&nbsp;Communiquer&nbsp;&raquo;, au besoin de maintenir l&rsquo;intimit&eacute; du message transmis &laquo;&nbsp;Coder-conversation&nbsp;&raquo; et &agrave; des limitations sp&eacute;cifiques aux locuteurs &laquo;&nbsp;Analphab&eacute;tisme&nbsp;&raquo;. Cette repr&eacute;sentation est de type fonctionnel (inscription de l&rsquo;objet <em>nouchi</em><em> </em>dans des pratiques sociale et/ou op&eacute;ratoires) et normatif (<em>nouchi</em> est li&eacute; &agrave; l&rsquo;histoire collective de la vie urbaine &agrave; Abidjan avec un syst&egrave;me de valeurs et de normes inh&eacute;rent au groupe social). Chez les seconds conjointement, le recours au <em>nouchi</em> s&rsquo;explique essentiellement par son aspect performatif &laquo;&nbsp;Communiquer &amp; Se-faire-comprendre&nbsp;&raquo;. Il s&rsquo;agit ici de la dimension fonctionnelle de l&rsquo;objet social sous &eacute;tude.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Au demeurant, la variable &acirc;ge dichotomis&eacute;e ici apparait comme un &eacute;l&eacute;ment diff&eacute;renciateur des prises de positions des participants par rapport aux raisons d&rsquo;utiliser le <em>nouchi</em><em> </em>&agrave; Abidjan.</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Tableau 3&nbsp;: <span style="color:black">r&eacute;partition des &eacute;vocations en fonction du rang et de la fr&eacute;quence selon les niveaux d&rsquo;&eacute;tude sur les raisons d&rsquo;usage du </span><em>nouchi</em></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <table align="center" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:293px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:24px; background-color:#e7e6e6; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Groupe de r&eacute;pondants Licences (1-2-3)</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:302px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:24px; background-color:#e7e6e6; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Groupe de r&eacute;pondants Masters (M1-M2)</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:293px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:24px; background-color:white; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Fr&eacute;quence &gt;= 10 et Rang Moyen &lt;2,5</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:302px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:24px; background-color:white; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Fr&eacute;quence &gt;= 10 et Rang Moyen &lt;2,5</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:127px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:white; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Mots</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:81px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:white; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Fr&eacute;quence</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:white; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Rang Moyen</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:132px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:white; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Mots</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:76px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:white; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Fr&eacute;quence</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:95px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:white; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Rang Moyen</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:127px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Communiquer</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Se-faire-comprendre</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:81px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">12</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">11</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:85px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">1,571</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">1,909</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:132px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Communication</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Complexit&eacute;- fran&ccedil;ais</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Etre-tendance</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:76px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">11</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">10</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">12</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:95px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2,273</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2,100</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2,333</span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Le &laquo;&nbsp;niveau d&rsquo;&eacute;tudes&nbsp;&raquo; op&egrave;re &agrave; l&rsquo;image de la variable &laquo;&nbsp;&acirc;ge&nbsp;&raquo; sur les modulations observ&eacute;es sur les repr&eacute;sentations sociales du <em>nouchi</em> chez les r&eacute;pondants. Ainsi, selon les apprenants du 1<sup>er</sup> cycle (L1, 2 &amp; 3), les raisons d&rsquo;utiliser le <em>nouchi</em> sont d&rsquo;ordre performatif &laquo;&nbsp;Communiquer &amp; Se-faire-comprendre&nbsp;&raquo;. Ils s&rsquo;inscrivent dans une vis&eacute;e fonctionnelle de l&rsquo;objet <em>nouchi</em>.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Pour les seconds (M1 &amp; 2), la repr&eacute;sentation est plus fine car elle convoque aussi pour expliquer le maniement du <em>nouchi</em> chez certains groupes, un &eacute;l&eacute;ment performatif &laquo;&nbsp;Communication &raquo;, des caract&eacute;ristiques per&ccedil;ues de la langue de la colonisation &laquo;&nbsp;Complexit&eacute;-fran&ccedil;ais&nbsp;&raquo; et &agrave; des besoins sp&eacute;cifiques aux locuteurs &laquo;&nbsp;&Ecirc;tre-tendance&nbsp;&raquo;. Cette repr&eacute;sentation questionne les dimensions fonctionnelle et normative du <em>nouchi</em>.</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Tableau 4&nbsp;: <span style="color:black">r&eacute;partition des &eacute;vocations en fonction du rang et de la fr&eacute;quence selon les types de fili&egrave;res de formation sur les raisons d&rsquo;usage du </span><em>nouchi</em></span></span></span></span></p> <table align="center" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:306px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:35px; background-color:#e7e6e6; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Groupe de r&eacute;pondants des fili&egrave;res SHS </span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">et LLC</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:289px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:35px; background-color:#e7e6e6; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Groupe de r&eacute;pondants des Sciences dites &laquo;&nbsp;dures&nbsp;&raquo;</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:306px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:24px; background-color:white; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Fr&eacute;quence &gt;= 10 et Rang Moyen &lt;2,5</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:289px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:24px; background-color:white; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Fr&eacute;quence &gt;= 10 et Rang Moyen &lt;2,5</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:white; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Mots</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:76px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:white; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Fr&eacute;quence</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:91px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:white; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Rang Moyen</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:131px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:white; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Mots</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:76px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:white; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Fr&eacute;quence</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:82px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:white; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Rang Moyen</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Analphab&eacute;tisme</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Complexit&eacute;-fran&ccedil;ais</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Se-faire-comprendre</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:76px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">10</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">15</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">28</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:91px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">1,700</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2,400</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2,036</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:131px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Analphab&eacute;tisme</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Se-faire-comprendre</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:76px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">13</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">37</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:82px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2,154</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">1,973</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Pour les apprenants des fili&egrave;res SHS-LLC, les logiques sociocognitives qui l&eacute;gitiment l&rsquo;usage du <em>nouchi</em> sont d&rsquo;ordre performatif &laquo;&nbsp;Se-faire-comprendre&nbsp;&raquo;, intrins&egrave;que &agrave; la langue fran&ccedil;aise &laquo;&nbsp;Complexit&eacute;-fran&ccedil;ais&nbsp;&raquo; et &agrave; des besoins sp&eacute;cifiques aux locuteurs &laquo;&nbsp;Analphab&eacute;tisme&nbsp;&raquo;. Cette repr&eacute;sentation est en lien avec les dimensions fonctionnelle et normative du <em>nouchi. </em>Les r&eacute;pondants inscrits dans les fili&egrave;res des sciences dites &laquo;&nbsp;dures&nbsp;&raquo;, estiment pour leur part que le fait de recourir au <em>nouchi </em>consacre un besoin de &laquo; Se-faire-comprendre&nbsp;&raquo; chez des individus non-instruits &laquo;&nbsp;Analphab&eacute;tisme&nbsp;&raquo;. Ils adoptent ainsi une vis&eacute;e fonctionnelle de l&rsquo;objet <i>nouchi</i>.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Qu&rsquo;en est-il des usagers du <em>nouchi</em> selon les participants de la pr&eacute;sente &eacute;tude ? </span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Tableau 5&nbsp;: r&eacute;partition des &eacute;vocations en fonction du rang et de la fr&eacute;quence pour l&rsquo;ensemble des enqu&ecirc;t&eacute;s sur les cat&eacute;gories de personnes qui utilisent le <em>nouchi</em></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <table align="center" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:293px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:24px; background-color:#e7e6e6; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Fr&eacute;quence &gt;= 16 et Rang Moyen &lt;2,5</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:311px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:24px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Fr&eacute;quence &gt;= 16 et Rang Moyen &gt;2,5</span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:124px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:#e7e6e6; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Mots</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:80px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:#e7e6e6; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Fr&eacute;quence</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:88px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:#e7e6e6; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Rang Moyen</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Mots</span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:76px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Fr&eacute;quence</span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:93px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Rang Moyen</span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:124px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:#e7e6e6; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Apprentis-<i>Gbaka</i><a href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">D&eacute;linquants</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Enfants-rue</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:80px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:#e7e6e6; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">106</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">121</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">167</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:88px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; background-color:#e7e6e6; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">1,925</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">2,381</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">2,024</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Artistes-</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">coup&eacute;-d&eacute;cal&eacute; <a href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Chauffeur-<i>Gbaka</i></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Commer&ccedil;ants-</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">ambulants-black</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Personnes-fumoirs</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:76px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">26</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">52</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">107</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">25</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:93px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">3,538</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2,808</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2,869</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2,960</span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:293px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:14px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Fr&eacute;quence &lt;= 16 et Rang Moyen &lt;2,5</span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:311px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:14px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Fr&eacute;quence &lt;= 16 et Rang Moyen &gt;2,5</span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:124px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Mots</span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:80px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Fr&eacute;quence</span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:88px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Rang Moyen</span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Mots</span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:76px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Fr&eacute;quence</span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:93px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Rang Moyen</span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:124px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Analphab&egrave;tes</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Loubards</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Malfaiteurs</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:80px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">12</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">12</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">13</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:88px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2,417</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2,167</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2,462</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Adolescents</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Braqueurs</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><i><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Gnambros </span></i><a href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:76px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">12</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">13</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">13</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:93px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2,583</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">3,000</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2,692</span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Nombre total de mots diff&eacute;rents : 167. Nombre total de mots cit&eacute;s : 1055. La Fr&eacute;quence minimale des mots est 5<i>.</i></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Pour l&rsquo;ensemble des participants, les usagers du <em>nouchi </em>sont les acteurs des activit&eacute;s marginales et du secteur &eacute;conomique informel &agrave; Abidjan&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;Apprentis-gbaka, D&eacute;linquants &amp; Enfants-rue&nbsp;&raquo;. Cette construction &agrave; valence n&eacute;gative se proroge &agrave; la 1<sup>&egrave;re</sup> p&eacute;riph&eacute;rie avec d&rsquo;autres acteurs non moins d&eacute;pr&eacute;ci&eacute;s &agrave; l&rsquo;instar &laquo;&nbsp;Artistes-coup&eacute;-d&eacute;cal&eacute;, Chauffeur-gbaka &raquo;.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Ainsi le nouchi tend &agrave; &ecirc;tre associ&eacute; de mani&egrave;re pr&eacute;gnante &agrave; l&rsquo;identit&eacute; des individus &oelig;uvrant &agrave; la p&eacute;riph&eacute;rie de la soci&eacute;t&eacute; conventionnelle, aux fronti&egrave;res de la loi p&eacute;nale &laquo;&nbsp;Commer&ccedil;ants-ambulants-black &amp; Personnes-fumoirs&nbsp;&raquo; comme l&rsquo;atteste la zone des &eacute;l&eacute;ments contrast&eacute;s &laquo;&nbsp;loubards &amp; malfaiteurs&nbsp;&raquo;.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Qu&rsquo;en est-il des &eacute;motions, r&eacute;actions physiologiques et dispositions &agrave; l&rsquo;action associ&eacute;es &agrave; l&rsquo;usage du nouchi selon les participants de la pr&eacute;sente &eacute;tude ? </span></span></span></span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 13px;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2.2. Distinguer les &eacute;motions, r&eacute;actions physiologiques et dispositions &agrave; l&rsquo;action suscit&eacute;es par le <i>nouchi</i></span></b></span></span></span></h3> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Les participants sont convi&eacute;s &agrave; prendre position par le bais des &eacute;chelles appropri&eacute;es, sur les &eacute;motions, r&eacute;actions physiologiques et dispositions &agrave; l&rsquo;action lorsque le <i>nouchi </i>est pratiqu&eacute; dans leur environnement.</span></span></span></span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width:605px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:27px" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Figure 1&nbsp;: radar li&eacute; aux sentiments &eacute;prouv&eacute;s par les participants face &agrave; l&rsquo;usage du <i>nouchi</i> dans leur environnement imm&eacute;diat</span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:605px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px" valign="top"> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><img id="Image_x0020_2" o:borderbottomcolor="black" o:borderleftcolor="black" o:borderrightcolor="black" o:bordertopcolor="black" src="file:///C:/Users/PONTOI~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.wmz" style="width:442.35pt; height:195.25pt" /> </span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">La figure 1 indique que les participants ressentent significativement (diff&eacute;rence avec la r&eacute;partition de r&eacute;f&eacute;rence est tr&egrave;s significative, Chi2 = 432,04, ddl = 17, 1-p = &gt;99,99% avec un intervalle de confiance &agrave; 95%), de mani&egrave;re d&eacute;croissante, de &laquo;&nbsp;l&rsquo;amusement- du s&eacute;rieux- de la col&egrave;re- de l&rsquo;attention- de la tristesse et de la peur&nbsp;&raquo;. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Cette s&eacute;rie de r&eacute;actions traduit deux grands p&ocirc;les&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;Ludique&nbsp;&raquo; et &laquo;&nbsp;D&eacute;go&ucirc;t&nbsp;&raquo;. Ces &eacute;l&eacute;ments de r&eacute;ponses sont en r&eacute;sonnance avec ceux identifi&eacute;s au niveau de l&rsquo;analyse prototypique.</span></span></span></span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width:604px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Figure 2&nbsp;: AFC conduite sur &laquo;&nbsp;fr&eacute;quence d&rsquo;utilisation du <i>nouchi</i>&nbsp;&raquo;, &laquo;&nbsp;r&eacute;action physiologique face &agrave; l&rsquo;usage du <i>nouchi</i> &raquo; et &laquo;&nbsp;compr&eacute;hension des dialogues de l&rsquo;extrait filmique&nbsp;&raquo; chez les enqu&ecirc;t&eacute;s</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:604px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:304px" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><img id="Image_x0020_3" o:borderbottomcolor="yellow pure" o:borderleftcolor="yellow pure" o:borderrightcolor="yellow pure" o:bordertopcolor="yellow pure" src="file:///C:/Users/PONTOI~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" style="width:437.75pt; height:217.15pt" /> </span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p style="margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">La lecture de l&rsquo;AFC (figure 2), indique la coexistence de 3 blocs distincts liant &laquo;&nbsp;fr&eacute;quence d&rsquo;utilisation du <i>nouchi</i>&nbsp;&raquo; et &laquo;&nbsp;r&eacute;action physiologique face &agrave; l&rsquo;usage du <i>nouchi</i> &raquo; chez les enqu&ecirc;t&eacute;s. Nous obtenons ainsi&nbsp;: </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-bottom:13px; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Garamond, serif"><span style="font-family:Wingdings">&uuml; </span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Bloc ovale</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Les r&eacute;pondants qui affirment utiliser le <i>nouchi</i> &laquo;&nbsp;Souvent &amp; Tr&egrave;s souvent&nbsp;&raquo; associent &agrave; ce parler urbain, les caract&eacute;ristiques esth&eacute;tiques &laquo;&nbsp;Harmonie + Modernisme&nbsp;&raquo;. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Ils repr&eacute;sentent &eacute;galement ceux qui soutiennent avoir compris tous les discours &eacute;chang&eacute;s par les acteurs dans l&rsquo;extrait filmique.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-bottom:13px; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Garamond, serif"><span style="font-family:Wingdings">&uuml; </span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Bloc losange </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Les r&eacute;pondants qui affirment utiliser le <i>nouchi</i> &laquo;&nbsp;Rarement&nbsp;&raquo; associent &agrave; ce parler urbain, les caract&eacute;ristiques esth&eacute;tiques &laquo;&nbsp;Originalit&eacute; + Beaut&eacute; + Inspiration&nbsp;&raquo;.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Ils repr&eacute;sentent aussi ceux qui postulent avoir compris l&rsquo;essentiel des discours &eacute;chang&eacute;s par les acteurs dans l&rsquo;extrait filmique.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-bottom:13px; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Garamond, serif"><span style="font-family:Wingdings">&uuml; </span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Bloc carr&eacute; </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Les r&eacute;pondants qui affirment &laquo;&nbsp;ne jamais&nbsp;&raquo; utiliser le <i>nouchi</i> associent &agrave; ce parler urbain, les caract&eacute;ristiques esth&eacute;tiques &laquo;&nbsp;Excentricit&eacute; + Laideur + Anticonformisme&nbsp;&raquo;. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Ils repr&eacute;sentent &eacute;galement ceux qui soutiennent n&rsquo;avoir pas compris les discours &eacute;chang&eacute;s par les acteurs dans l&rsquo;extrait filmique.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Ces distributions statistiques rendues par l&rsquo;AFC et qui conjuguent les variables, &laquo;&nbsp;fr&eacute;quence d&rsquo;utilisation du <i>nouchi</i>&nbsp;&raquo;, &laquo;&nbsp;r&eacute;action physiologique face &agrave; l&rsquo;usage du <i>nouchi</i> &raquo; &amp; &laquo;&nbsp;compr&eacute;hension des dialogues de l&rsquo;extrait filmique&nbsp;&raquo; chez les enqu&ecirc;t&eacute;s, traduisent une forme de distance &agrave; l&rsquo;objet.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Plus les participants pr&eacute;sentent une forte fr&eacute;quence en termes d&rsquo;utilisation du <i>nouchi</i>, plus ils lui associent en effet, des qualificatifs valorisants sur l&rsquo;&eacute;chelle d&rsquo;esth&eacute;tique mobilis&eacute;e dans le travail. Par ailleurs, ce sont ces m&ecirc;mes r&eacute;pondants qui affirment avoir compris tous les mots utilis&eacute;s dans l&rsquo;extrait filmique par les acteurs inversement aux autres.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">En somme, les prises de positions face &agrave; l&rsquo;usage du <i>nouchi</i> chez les participants de la pr&eacute;sente &eacute;tude induisent des &eacute;motions, r&eacute;actions physiologiques et dispositions &agrave; l&rsquo;action qui sont en coh&eacute;rence avec leurs syst&egrave;mes repr&eacute;sentationnels respectifs.</span></span></span></span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 13px;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2.3. Examiner les finalit&eacute;s associ&eacute;es au <i>nouchi</i> par les sous-groupes enqu&ecirc;t&eacute;s</span></b></span></span></span></h3> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">L&rsquo;ultime partie des r&eacute;sultats est destin&eacute;e &agrave; l&rsquo;analyse des finalit&eacute;s associ&eacute;es au parler urbain <i>nouchi</i> par les participants. Cette d&eacute;marche s&rsquo;appuie sur le traitement des entretiens semi-directifs conduits dans le cadre des focus-group. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Les r&eacute;sultats sont traduits via le dendrogramme et l&rsquo;AFC conduit sur le tableau lexical agr&eacute;g&eacute; (TLA) des productions langagi&egrave;res obtenues.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Figure 3&nbsp;: dendrogramme relatif au &laquo;&nbsp;<i>nouchi</i>&nbsp;&raquo; suite &agrave; la classification selon la m&eacute;thode de Reinert sur l&rsquo;ensemble du TLA</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="width:327px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Figure 4&nbsp;: AFC conduite sur le TLA associ&eacute; au &laquo; <i>nouchi</i> &raquo; par les enqu&ecirc;t&eacute;s</span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:277px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><img id="Image_x0020_4" o:borderbottomcolor="yellow pure" o:borderleftcolor="yellow pure" o:borderrightcolor="yellow pure" o:bordertopcolor="yellow pure" src="file:///C:/Users/PONTOI~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.png" style="width:197.55pt; height:271.85pt" /> </span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="width:327px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><img id="Image_x0020_5" o:borderbottomcolor="yellow pure" o:borderleftcolor="yellow pure" o:borderrightcolor="yellow pure" o:bordertopcolor="yellow pure" src="file:///C:/Users/PONTOI~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.png" style="width:234.45pt; height:273.6pt" /> </span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-bottom:13px; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Garamond, serif"><span style="font-family:Wingdings">&uuml; </span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Fonction performative et de communication du nouchi</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Les finalit&eacute;s associ&eacute;es au parler <i>nouchi</i> par les participants &agrave; notre &eacute;tude traduites par les figures N&deg;3 et 4 qui exposent les productions langagi&egrave;res. Le dendrogramme obtenu apr&egrave;s 3 partitions successives du texte indiquent 5 classes lexicales o&ugrave; le <i>nouchi</i> est instrument&eacute; pour &laquo;&nbsp;par les gens du milieu, de la rue mais aussi par es universitaires (classe 2_24,7%) pour comprendre, faciliter la communication chez les apprentis-gbaka (classe 1_19%).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-bottom:13px; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Garamond, serif"><span style="font-family:Wingdings">&uuml; </span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Fonction de pr&eacute;servation de l&rsquo;identit&eacute; de groupe du <i>nouchi</i></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Le <i>nouchi</i> se pr&eacute;sente selon les participants comme un marqueur identitaire car il est sp&eacute;cifique &laquo;&nbsp;&agrave; la C&ocirc;te d&rsquo;Ivoire&nbsp;; il est l&rsquo;identit&eacute; du pays par opposition &agrave; la langue officielle qu&rsquo;est le fran&ccedil;ais l&eacute;gu&eacute; par la France (classe 5_15,50%) de la figure 3 et. Il est semblable au verlan et il est le bienvenu avec son fonctionnement simple et accessible qui peut le disposer &agrave; l&rsquo;enseignement (figure 4_ quadrant en bas &agrave; gauche)&nbsp;&raquo;.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-bottom:13px; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Garamond, serif"><span style="font-family:Wingdings">&uuml; </span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Aspect fonctionnel sp&eacute;cifique au monde des acteurs du secteur informel du <i>nouchi</i></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">En plus de servir &agrave; communiquer, &laquo;&nbsp;le <i>nouchi</i> sert aussi aux acteurs du secteur &eacute;conomique informel &agrave; se distinguer des autres groupes sociaux. Ce parler urbain permettrait &eacute;galement &agrave; coder le sens des messages et &agrave; se construire une forme d&rsquo;originalit&eacute; afin d&rsquo;&ecirc;tre &agrave; la mode chez les jeunes&nbsp;&raquo; (figure 3, classe 4_20,1% et figure 4, quadrant sup&eacute;rieur gauche et droit).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Son expansion au sein de toutes les couches sociales pose n&eacute;anmoins, &laquo;&nbsp;des questions li&eacute;es &agrave; sa formalisation, la stabilisation d&rsquo;un dictionnaire associ&eacute; et &agrave; l&rsquo;image de d&eacute;sordre qui semble l&rsquo;accompagner au sein de l&rsquo;imaginaire collectif&nbsp;&raquo; (figure 3, classe 4_20,1%).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-bottom:13px; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Garamond, serif"><span style="font-family:Wingdings">&uuml; </span><i><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Nouchi</span></i><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> comme &eacute;l&eacute;ment de mise en danger de la langue fran&ccedil;aise en C&ocirc;te d&rsquo;Ivoire</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Le <i>nouchi</i> est utilis&eacute; selon certains r&eacute;pondants pour mettre en p&eacute;ril, la langue fran&ccedil;aise en C&ocirc;te d&rsquo;Ivoire &laquo;&nbsp;avenir-danger-langue-fran&ccedil;ais&nbsp;&raquo; (figure 3, classe 3_23,7%). Cette mise en danger du legs colonial &laquo;&nbsp;tuer&nbsp;&raquo;, au plan linguistique, pourrait contribuer a contrario pour d&rsquo;autres, &agrave; l&rsquo;av&egrave;nement d&rsquo;une &laquo;&nbsp;culture ivoirienne&nbsp;&raquo; et cette &laquo;&nbsp;promotion&nbsp;&raquo; est port&eacute;e par la &laquo;&nbsp;jeunesse&nbsp;&raquo;.</span></span></span></span></p> <h2 style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 13px;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">3.</span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> <b>DISCUSSION DES RESULTATS </b></span></span></span></span></h2> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">La pr&eacute;sente &eacute;tude portait sur les rapports des populations au parler urbain <i>nouchi</i> &agrave; Abidjan. Elle a pris appui sur la th&eacute;orie des repr&eacute;sentations sociales pour faire saillir les logiques sociocognitives qui l&eacute;gitiment ou pas, l&rsquo;usage de ce sociolecte chez les sous-groupes de la population. Elle avait pour objectif d&rsquo;analyser les repr&eacute;sentations sociales que les populations associent au <i>nouchi</i> et qui organisent leurs diff&eacute;rents rapports face &agrave; ce parler sp&eacute;cifique.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">La discussion est conduite ainsi en fonction des 3 objectifs sp&eacute;cifiques retenus dans le travail.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-bottom:13px; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Garamond, serif"><span style="font-family:Wingdings">&uuml; </span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Identifier le contenu et l&rsquo;organisation des repr&eacute;sentations sociales associ&eacute;es au nouchi par les sous-groupes enqu&ecirc;t&eacute;s</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Les participants, les logiques sociocognitives qui expliquent l&rsquo;usage du nouchi sont adoss&eacute;es aussi bien &agrave; la fonction performative de la langue &laquo;&nbsp;Communiquer&nbsp;&raquo; qu&rsquo;&agrave; des limitations sp&eacute;cifiques aux locuteurs &laquo;&nbsp;Analphab&eacute;tisme &amp; Non-ma&icirc;trise langue fran&ccedil;aise&nbsp;&raquo;. Sur ce point, l&rsquo;&eacute;tude s&rsquo;inscrit dans les acquis d&rsquo;autres travaux qui caract&eacute;risent le nouchi comme le sociolecte le plus utilis&eacute; de mani&egrave;re privil&eacute;gi&eacute; par les populations ayant un faible niveau d&rsquo;instruction (Lafage, <span style="color:black">ibid.</span>&nbsp;; N&rsquo;Guessan, <span style="color:black">ibid.</span>).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Cette prise de positions sur les raisons d&rsquo;utiliser le nouchi est affect&eacute;e par des param&egrave;tres tels que l&rsquo;&acirc;ge, le niveau d&rsquo;instruction et la fili&egrave;re de formation du r&eacute;pondant. Ces &eacute;l&eacute;ments permettent de discriminer et de moduler les repr&eacute;sentations identifi&eacute;es qui sont plus complexes chez uns [23 ans-39 ans], Master 1 &amp; 2, et &laquo;&nbsp;Sciences dures&nbsp;&raquo; comparativement aux plus &acirc;g&eacute;s des r&eacute;pondants [40 ans-56 ans], L1, 2 &amp; 3 et &laquo;&nbsp;SHS-LLC&nbsp;&raquo;. La fonction performative de la langue &laquo;&nbsp;Communiquer&nbsp;&raquo;, au besoin de maintenir l&rsquo;intimit&eacute; du message transmis &laquo;&nbsp;Coder-conversation&nbsp;&raquo; et l&rsquo;illettrisme &laquo;&nbsp;Analphab&eacute;tisme&nbsp;&raquo; demeurent des aspects saillants des logiques identifi&eacute;es chez les sous-groupes de r&eacute;pondants (N&rsquo;Cho Ats&eacute;, <span style="color:black">ibid.</span>). Cette repr&eacute;sentation est en lien avec les dimensions fonctionnelle (inscription de l&rsquo;objet nouchi dans des pratiques sociale et/ou op&eacute;ratoires) et normative (le <i>nouchi</i> est li&eacute; &agrave; l&rsquo;histoire collective de la vie urbaine &agrave; Abidjan avec un syst&egrave;me de valeurs et de normes inh&eacute;rent au groupe social) (Abric, 1994, p.46&nbsp;; N&rsquo;Guessan, <span style="color:black">ibid.</span>&nbsp;; Py, <span style="color:black">ibid.</span>).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Pour l&rsquo;ensemble des participants, les usagers du nouchi sont les acteurs des activit&eacute;s marginales et du secteur &eacute;conomique informel &agrave; Abidjan&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;Apprentis-gbaka, D&eacute;linquants &amp; Enfants-rue&nbsp;&raquo;. Cette construction &agrave; valence n&eacute;gative se proroge &agrave; la 1&egrave;re p&eacute;riph&eacute;rie avec d&rsquo;autres acteurs non moins d&eacute;pr&eacute;ci&eacute;s &agrave; l&rsquo;instar &laquo;&nbsp;Artistes-coup&eacute;-d&eacute;cal&eacute;, Chauffeur-gbaka &raquo;.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Au final, les repr&eacute;sentations sociales li&eacute;es aux raisons expliquant l&rsquo;utilisation du nouchi font saillir des items &agrave; valence positive &laquo;&nbsp;Communiquer&nbsp;&raquo; et n&eacute;gative &laquo;&nbsp;Non-ma&icirc;trise-langue-fran&ccedil;aise; Analphab&eacute;tisme&nbsp;&raquo; (Grah, <span style="color:black">ibid.</span> ; Kouam&eacute;, 2013). Les repr&eacute;sentations des usagers du nouchi consacrent la pr&eacute;gnance d&rsquo;acteurs construits de mani&egrave;re d&eacute;pr&eacute;ciative (Apprentis-gbaka, d&eacute;linquants, Enfants-rue, Personnes-fumoirs-Malfaiteurs- Loubards) (Aboa, <span style="color:black">ibid.</span>).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-bottom:13px; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Garamond, serif"><span style="font-family:Wingdings">&uuml; </span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Distinguer les &eacute;motions, r&eacute;actions physiologiques et dispositions &agrave; l&rsquo;action suscit&eacute;es par la pratique du <i>nouchi</i> </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Les &eacute;motions exprim&eacute;es par les participants sont en correspondance positive avec les types de repr&eacute;sentations sociales pr&eacute;sent&eacute;s au niveau de l&rsquo;analyse prototypique. Ainsi, les items &agrave; valence n&eacute;gative du <i>nouchi</i> notamment &laquo;&nbsp;Excentricit&eacute; + Laideur&nbsp;&raquo; sont li&eacute;s &agrave; ceux qui ne pratiquent pas ce sociolecte. Les items &agrave; valence positive au contraire sont associ&eacute;s &agrave; &laquo;&nbsp;Harmonie + Modernisme&nbsp;&raquo; chez les usagers r&eacute;guliers du <i>nouchi</i>.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Cette mise en lien des repr&eacute;sentations avec les &eacute;motions et les sentiments nous renvoient sous r&eacute;serve de quelques sp&eacute;cificit&eacute;s aux travaux qui postulent que les attitudes constituent le p&ocirc;le affectif des repr&eacute;sentations sociales. Ce mod&egrave;le participe &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;valuation et &agrave; la validation psychologique d&rsquo;un objet selon un certain degr&eacute; de faveur ou de d&eacute;faveur (Azoh, <span style="color:black">ibid.</span>). Ainsi pour Hellriegel &amp; al., (1992), les attitudes sont des sentiments relativement durables, des croyances et des tendances comportementales manifest&eacute;es &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;gard de personnes particuli&egrave;res, de groupes ou d&rsquo;objets. Dans notre &eacute;tude les r&eacute;actions physiologiques les plus pr&eacute;gnantes face au <i>nouchi</i> sont pour l&rsquo;essentiel marqu&eacute;es par deux grands p&ocirc;les&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;Ludique&nbsp;&raquo; et &laquo;&nbsp;D&eacute;go&ucirc;t&nbsp;&raquo;&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;Amusement, S&eacute;rieux, Col&egrave;re, Attention, Tristesse, Peur, Tension&nbsp;&raquo;.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">La composante affective (sentiments ; humeurs ; &eacute;motions &eacute;prouv&eacute;es vis-&agrave;-vis d&rsquo;une personne ; d&rsquo;une id&eacute;e, d&rsquo;un &eacute;v&egrave;nement ou d&rsquo;un objet), est au c&oelig;ur de la r&eacute;action comportementale (l&rsquo;intention d&rsquo;agir ou la pr&eacute;disposition &agrave; agir) (Doise, 2003&nbsp;; Yao et Kahou, <span style="color:black">ibid.</span>).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-bottom:13px; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Garamond, serif"><span style="font-family:Wingdings">&uuml; </span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Examiner les finalit&eacute;s associ&eacute;es au <i>nouchi</i> par les sous-groupes enqu&ecirc;t&eacute;s</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Les finalit&eacute;s du <i>nouchi</i> mises en exergue dans la pr&eacute;sente sont semblables aux fonctions des repr&eacute;sentations sociales &agrave; savoir&nbsp;: une fonction de savoir (comprendre et expliquer le v&eacute;cu et la r&eacute;alit&eacute; des acteurs en interaction) (Abric, 2003; Yao et Kahou, <span style="color:black">ibid.</span>). Il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;une vis&eacute;e fonctionnelle des repr&eacute;sentations sociales identifi&eacute;es.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Le <i>nouchi</i> remplit &eacute;galement une fonction identitaire (<span style="color:black">Calvet, 1997), </span>car elle contribue selon les participants &agrave; se d&eacute;finir une identit&eacute; et &agrave; sauvegarder la sp&eacute;cificit&eacute; du &laquo;&nbsp;groupe&nbsp;&raquo; d&rsquo;utilisateurs notamment les ivoiriens et sp&eacute;cifiquement les jeunes marginaux, voire les d&eacute;linquants (Ahua et Coulibaly, 1986&nbsp;; Boutin et N&rsquo;guessan, <span style="color:black">ibid.</span>&nbsp;; Queffelec, 1992). </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Le nouchi est investi d&rsquo;une fonction d&rsquo;orientation des conduites puisqu&rsquo;il est le produit d&rsquo;un syst&egrave;me d&#39;anticipations et d&#39;attentes, et constitue ainsi, une action sur la r&eacute;alit&eacute; (Abia-Aboa, 2017&nbsp;; Varoqueaux, 1995). Le <i>nouchi</i> justifie ou l&eacute;gitime les pratiques et permet d&rsquo;anticiper des attentes r&eacute;ciproques dans le champ social (Castellotti et De Robillard, 2001). A ce niveau, l&rsquo;&eacute;tude met en relief, la dimension normative du <i>nouchi </i>chez les participants Grah, <span style="color:black">ibid.</span>).</span></span></span></span></p> <h2 style="text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 13px;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">4.</span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> <b>CONCLUSION</b></span></span></span></span></h2> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Les repr&eacute;sentations sociales des populations sur leurs langues influencent leurs pratiques langagi&egrave;res. La pr&eacute;sente &eacute;tude, en investiguant sur les rapports des Abidjanais au sociolecte <i>nouchi</i> met en lumi&egrave;re, les sentiments ambivalents de fiert&eacute; et de rejet qui coexistent au sein du corps social face &agrave; sa propagation. Les craintes de voir, le fran&ccedil;ais classique (construit souvent &agrave; tort ou &agrave; raison comme un avatar de la colonisation), disparaitre, semblent peser bien peu face &agrave; la volont&eacute; d&rsquo;asseoir un langage vernaculaire, trans-ethnique et typiquement ivoirien qui f&eacute;d&egrave;re la mosa&iuml;que des dialectes nationaux. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Cette ambition qui participerait de la promotion de la culture ivoirienne, avec pour substrat linguistique le <i>nouchi,</i> peut-elle contribuer &agrave; instaurer la coh&eacute;sion sociale entre les populations dans notre contexte plurilingue marqu&eacute; par des suspicions interethniques suite &agrave; la violente crise militaro-politique de 2002 &agrave; 2011&nbsp;? </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 13px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES</span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">aboa,</span></span></b><b> </b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Abia Alain<b>, </b><i>Les avatars du discours politique,</i> <em><span style="font-style:normal">Revue de Litt&eacute;rature et d&rsquo;Esth&eacute;tique N&eacute;gro-Africaines</span></em>, 2009<b>,</b> Abidjan, EDUCI, p. 84-94.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">aboa,</span></span></b><b> </b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Abia Alain<b>, </b><i>Le nouchi a-t-il un avenir&nbsp;?</i> 2011, Sudlangues<i>,</i> vol. n&deg;16, p. 44-54.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">abric, </span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Jean-Claude, <i>Les repr&eacute;sentations sociales : aspects th&eacute;oriques,</i> in Jean-Claude<span style="font-variant:small-caps"> abric</span> (Ed.), Pratiques sociales et repr&eacute;sentations, 1994<b>,</b> Paris, PUF, p.278-292.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">abric, </span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Jean-Claude, <i>La recherche du noyau central et de la zone muette des repr&eacute;sentations sociales</i>, in Jean-Claude (dir.), M&eacute;thodes d&rsquo;&eacute;tude des repr&eacute;sentations sociales, 2003, Ramonville Saint-Agne, Er&egrave;s, p.59-80.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">ahua, </span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Blaise Mouchi,<i> &Eacute;laborer un code graphique pour le nouchi : une initiative pr&eacute;coce</i> <i>?</i> , 2007, Le Fran&ccedil;ais en Afrique, n&deg;22, p. 183-198.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">azoh, </span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Fran&ccedil;ois-Joseph, <i>Attitudes et repr&eacute;sentations sociales face aux pratiques corruptives ou comment &eacute;duquer &agrave; la citoyennet&eacute;</i>, 2011, Revue Africaine de la Recherche en Education, n&deg;3, p.13-20.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">biloa, </span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Edmond,<b> </b>et<b><span style="font-variant:small-caps"> fonkoua</span></b><span style="font-variant:small-caps">,<b> </b></span>Paul<b><span style="font-variant:small-caps">, </span></b><i>Imaginaires linguistiques ou repr&eacute;sentations du fran&ccedil;ais et des langues identitaires autochtones au Cameroun,</i> 2010<b>,</b> [consult&eacute; le 26 janvier 2021] http://</span><a href="http://www.unice.fr/ILF-CNRS" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="text-underline:none">www.unice.fr/ILF-CNRS</span></span></span></a><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">boni, </span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Joachim, <em>La C&ocirc;te d&rsquo;Ivoire sous la colonisation fran&ccedil;aise. Gen&egrave;se d&rsquo;une nation. 1920-1947</em>, 1982, Paris, Th&egrave;se d&rsquo;Etat, Universit&eacute; Paris 1.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">boutin, </span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Akissi<b> </b>B&eacute;atrice et <b><span style="font-variant:small-caps">dodo, </span></b>Jean-Claude,<b> </b><i>L&rsquo;actualisation du lexique et des expressions du Nouchi comme participation sociale des jeunes &agrave; Abidjan</i>, 2016<b>,</b> <i>Cheminements Linguistiques&nbsp;&raquo; (M&eacute;langes en hommage &agrave; N&rsquo;Guessan J&eacute;r&eacute;mie Kouadio</i>), Berlin, &Eacute;ditions Universitaires Europ&eacute;ennes, p.514-532.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">boutin, </span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Akissi<b> </b>B&eacute;atrice et <b><span style="font-variant:small-caps">n&rsquo;guessan</span></b>, Kouadio J&eacute;r&eacute;mie, <i>Le nouchi c&rsquo;est notre cr&eacute;ole en quelque sorte, qui est parl&eacute; par presque toute la C&ocirc;te d&rsquo;Ivoire</i>, in Peter. BLUMENTHAL (&eacute;d.), <i>Dynamique des fran&ccedil;ais africains : entre le culturel et le linguistique.</i> 2015<b>, </b>Berne, Peter Lang, p.251-271.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">calvet, </span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Louis-Jean, <i>Le nouchi, langue identitaire ivoirienne ?,</i> 1997, <i>Diagonales,</i> n&deg;42, p.33.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">dany, </span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Lionel, <i>Analyse qualitative du contenu des repr&eacute;sentations sociales, </i>in Gregory Lo <span style="font-variant:small-caps">monaco</span>, Sylvain <span style="font-variant:small-caps">delouvee</span> Patrick. <span style="font-variant:small-caps">rateau</span> (Eds.), Les repr&eacute;sentations sociales, 2016, Bruxelles, de Boeck, p.80-102.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">dodo, </span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Jean-Claude<b>, </b><i>Le nouchi : &eacute;tude linguistique et sociolinguistique d&rsquo;un parler urbain dynamique, </i>2015, Th&egrave;se de doctorat unique, D&eacute;partement des Sciences du Langage, Abidjan, Universit&eacute; F&eacute;lix Houphou&euml;t-Boigny, C&ocirc;te d&rsquo;Ivoire. En ligne, Url:&nbsp;</span><a href="http://www.ltml.ci/files/articles10/Jean-BaptisteATSeNCHO.pdf" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">http://www.ltml.ci/files/articles10/Jean-BaptisteATSeNCHO.pdf</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink" style="color:#0563c1"><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> [visit&eacute; le 24 novembre 2021]</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">doise, </span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Willem, <i>Attitudes et repr&eacute;sentations sociales</i>, in Denise <span style="font-variant:small-caps">jodelet </span>(Ed.), Les repr&eacute;sentations sociales. 2003, Paris, PUF, 7<sup>&egrave;me</sup> &eacute;dition, p. 240-258.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">GRAH,</span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> Brice Lopez, <i>Le nouchi : une langue en devenir ?</i> 2014, M&eacute;moire pour le grade de Master, Trondheim, Universit&eacute; des Sciences et Techniques de Norv&egrave;ge, Facult&eacute; des langues et litt&eacute;ratures.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">GRAH,</span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> Brice Lopez, <i>Le Nouchi : enjeux d&rsquo;une officialisation, </i>2015, Master en linguistique fran&ccedil;aise, Trondheim, NTNU, Universit&eacute; des Sciences et Techniques de Norv&egrave;ge. </span><a href="http://www.diasporasnoires" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="text-underline:none">http://www.diasporasnoires</span></span></span></a><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">.<span class="MsoHyperlink" style="color:#0563c1"><span style="text-decoration:underline"> [visit&eacute; le 24 novembre 2021]</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">hellriegel, </span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Don<b><span style="font-variant:small-caps">, siocum, </span></b>John Webley<b> </b>Junior<b> </b>et<b><span style="font-variant:small-caps"> woodman, </span></b>Richard<b> </b><i>Management des organisations</i>, 1992<b>,</b> Bruxelles, De Boeck-Wesmae.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">jodelet, </span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Denise<span style="font-variant:small-caps">,</span><b> </b><i>Repr&eacute;sentation sociale : ph&eacute;nom&egrave;nes, concept et th&eacute;ories</i>, in Serge <span style="font-variant:small-caps">moscovici</span> (Ed.). Psychologie sociale, 1984<b>,</b> Paris, PUF, p. 358-379.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">kouame, </span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Koia Jean-Martial, <i>Vers une g&eacute;n&eacute;ralisation du parler jeune de C&ocirc;te d&rsquo;Ivoire</i>, 2013<b>,</b> La revue des Lyriades de la Langue fran&ccedil;aise, n&deg;1, p.70-76. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">lafage, </span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Suzanne, <i>Petite enqu&ecirc;te sur la perception du fran&ccedil;ais populaire ivoirien en milieu estudiantin</i>, 1980, Bulletin du Centre d&rsquo;&eacute;tudes sur le plurilinguisme, p.6-80.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">lafage, </span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Suzanne, <i>Hybridation et &laquo;&nbsp;fran&ccedil;ais des rues&nbsp;&raquo; &agrave; Abidjan, </i>Alternances codiques et fran&ccedil;ais parl&eacute; en Afrique, 1998,<i> </i>Aix-en-Provence, Publications de l&rsquo;Universit&eacute; de Provence, p.279-291.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">leclerc, </span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Jacques, <i>C&ocirc;te d&rsquo;Ivoire - Les religions dans l&rsquo;am&eacute;nagement linguistique dans le monde, </i>2002, <i>TLFQ</i>, Qu&eacute;bec, Universit&eacute; Laval [http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/afrique/cotiv.htm]<span class="MsoHyperlink" style="color:#0563c1"><span style="text-decoration:underline"> [visit&eacute; le 13 juin 2021]</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">loubere, </span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Lucie et<b><span style="font-variant:small-caps"> ratinaud, </span></b>Pierre,<b> </b><i>Documentation IRaMuTeQ</i> <i>0.6 alpha 3 version 0.1</i>, 2014,<i> </i>rep&eacute;r&eacute; &agrave; </span><a href="http://www.iramuteq.org/news" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">http://www.iramuteq.org/news</span></a><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">) <span class="MsoHyperlink" style="color:#0563c1"><span style="text-decoration:underline">[visit&eacute; le 17 mars 2018]</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">mel </span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Gnamba Bertin et <b>N&rsquo;GUESSAN</b>, Kouadio J&eacute;r&eacute;mie, <i>Vari&eacute;t&eacute;s lexicales du fran&ccedil;ais en C&ocirc;te d&rsquo;Ivoire</i>, in Andr&eacute; <span style="font-variant:small-caps">clas</span> <span style="font-variant:small-caps">b</span>enoit <span style="font-variant:small-caps">ouoba,</span> (dir.), Visages du fran&ccedil;ais. Vari&eacute;t&eacute;s lexicales de l&rsquo;espace francophone, 1990<b>,</b> Edition Jogn Libbey Eurotext &ndash; AUPELF, Coll. Actualit&eacute;s scientifiques, p.51-58.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">moliner, </span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Pascal<span style="font-variant:small-caps">,</span> <i>Cinq questions &agrave; propos des repr&eacute;sentations sociales</i>, 1993<b>,</b> Cahiers internationaux de psychologie sociale,<i> </i>n&deg;20, p.5-14.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">moliner </span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Pascal<b><span style="font-variant:small-caps">, ratinaud, </span></b>Pierre<b> </b>et<b><span style="font-variant:small-caps"> cohen-scali, </span></b>Val&eacute;rie,<em> </em><i>Les repr&eacute;sentations sociales, Pratiques et &eacute;tudes de terrain</i>, 2002<b>,</b> Rennes, Presses Universitaires de Rennes.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">n&rsquo;cho-atse, </span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Jean Baptiste<b>, </b><i>Francophonie ivoirienne et cr&eacute;ativit&eacute; lexicale : comment &laquo;&nbsp;fabrique-t-on&nbsp;&raquo; les mots en nouchi ? </i>, in Rachele<span style="font-variant:small-caps"> raus</span> et Laurentiu <span style="font-variant:small-caps">bala,</span> (coord.), <i>Sur l&rsquo;argot au XXI<sup>&egrave;me</sup> si&egrave;cle</i>, 2016<b>,</b> Craiova, Editura Universitaria Craiova, p.93-109.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">N&rsquo;GUESSAN</span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">, Kouadio J&eacute;r&eacute;mie<b>, </b><i>Le Nouchi abidjanais, naissance d&rsquo;un argot ou mode linguistique passag&egrave;re ?</i> in Gouaini THIAM<span style="font-variant:small-caps">,</span> (&eacute;ds.), <i>Des langues et des villes,</i> 1990, Paris, ACCT/Didier Erudition, p.373-383.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">N&rsquo;GUESSAN</span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">, Kouadio J&eacute;r&eacute;mie<b>, </b><i>La carte des langues en Afrique cr&eacute;e-t-elle des fronti&egrave;res identitaires&nbsp;?</i> in H&eacute;l&egrave;ne <span style="font-variant:small-caps">velasco-graciet</span> et Christian <span style="font-variant:small-caps">bouquet</span>, (dir.), <em>Tropisme des fronti&egrave;res. Approche pluridisciplinaire</em>, 2005<b>,</b> tome 1, Paris, L&rsquo;Harmattan, p.163-177.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">N&rsquo;GUESSAN</span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">, Kouadio J&eacute;r&eacute;mie<b>, </b><i>Le nouchi et les rapports dioula / fran&ccedil;ais,</i> 2006<b>,</b> <em><span style="font-style:normal">Le fran&ccedil;ais en Afrique,</span></em>&nbsp;21, p.177-191.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">N&rsquo;GUESSAN</span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">, Kouadio J&eacute;r&eacute;mie<b>, </b><i>Le fran&ccedil;ais en C&ocirc;te d&rsquo;Ivoire&nbsp;: de l&rsquo;imposition &agrave; l&rsquo;appropriation d&eacute;complex&eacute;e d&rsquo;une langue exog&egrave;ne,</i> 2008<b>,</b> <em><span style="font-style:normal">Documents pour l&rsquo;histoire du fran&ccedil;ais langue &eacute;trang&egrave;re ou seconde</span></em><i>,</i> p. 40-41.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">negura, </span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Lilian,<b> </b><i>L&rsquo;analyse de contenu dans l&rsquo;&eacute;tude des repr&eacute;sentations sociales</i>, 2006<b>,</b> SociologieS, Th&eacute;ories et Recherches, vol. 1<i> </i>n&deg;1, p.46-62.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">pelissier, </span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Daniel<b>, </b><i>Comment pr&eacute;parer l&rsquo;analyse de textes de sites Web gr&acirc;ce &agrave; la lexicom&eacute;trie et au logiciel Iramuteq ?</i> 2016,<b> </b>Pr&eacute;sence num&eacute;rique des organisations, </span><a href="https://presnumorg.hypotheses.org/187" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="text-underline:none">https://presnumorg.hypotheses.org/187</span></span></span></a><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">.<span class="MsoHyperlink" style="color:#0563c1"><span style="text-decoration:underline"> [visit&eacute; le 17 mars 2019]</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">py, </span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Bernard, <i>Pour une approche linguistique des repr&eacute;sentations sociales,</i> 2004<b>,</b> Langages, </span><a href="https://www.persee.fr/issue/lgge_0458-726x_2004_num_38_154" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="text-underline:none">Repr&eacute;sentations m&eacute;talinguistiques ordinaires et discours</span></span></span></a><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">, n&deg;154, p.6-19. http:// </span><a href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/lgge_0458-726x_2004_num_38_154_943" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">https://www.persee.fr/doc/lgge_0458-726x_2004_num_38_154_943</span></a><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> [visit&eacute; le 12 juin 2020]</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">queffelec, </span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Ambroise,<b> </b><i>La langue fran&ccedil;aise en Afrique noire avant les Ind&eacute;pendances&nbsp;: diffusion, pratiques et repr&eacute;sentations,</i><b> </b>1992, Lyon, Actes du colloque du 13-12-1991, La litt&eacute;rature francophone d&rsquo;Afrique noire et de Madagascar (jusqu&rsquo;&agrave; 1960), Lyon, CEDIC, p. 34-49.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">ratinaud, </span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Pierre<b> </b>et<b><span style="font-variant:small-caps"> dejean, </span></b>Sylvain, IRaMuTeQ : impl&eacute;mentation de la m&eacute;thode Alceste d&#39;analyse de texte dans un logiciel libre, 2009<b>,</b> </span><a href="http://repere.no-ip.org/Members/pratinaud/mes-documents/articles-et-presentations/presentation_mashs20%2009.pdf" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">http://repere.no-ip.org/Members/pratinaud/mes-documents/articles-et-presentations/presentation_mashs20 09.pdf</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink" style="color:#0563c1"><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> [visit&eacute; le 17 mars 2018]</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">salone, </span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Jean-Jacques, <i>Analyse textuelle avec IRaMuTeQ et interpr&eacute;tations r&eacute;f&eacute;rentielles des programmes officiels de math&eacute;matiques en quatri&egrave;me</i>, 2014,<i> </i>Sciences-Crois&eacute;es, n&deg;13, p.1-13.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">soro, </span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">s</span></span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">olo<b>, </b><i>Zouglou et nouchi, les deux fleurons pervertis de la culture urbaine</i>, 2003<b>,</b> Africultures, n&deg;56, p.123-124.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">varoqueaux, </span></span></b><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Drevon Isabelle</span></span></span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">, <i><span style="background:white"><span style="color:black">Sentiments et comportements linguistiques : la repr&eacute;sentation de la langue fran&ccedil;aise en tant que langue de scolarisation en C&ocirc;te-d&#39;Ivoire : r&eacute;sultats provisoires</span></span></i><span style="background:white"><span style="color:black">, in Daniel <span style="font-variant:small-caps">barreteau (</span>Ed<span style="font-variant:small-caps">.)</span>. <i>Traitement et emploi des langues : nouvelles techniques, nouvelles applications</i>, </span></span>1995, <span style="background:white"><span style="color:black">Cahiers des Sciences Humaines</span></span><span style="background:white"><span style="color:black">, vol. 31 n&deg;1, p. 83-101.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">wald, </span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Paul<span style="background:white"><span style="color:black">,</span></span><b> </b><i>L&rsquo;appropriation du fran&ccedil;ais en Afrique noire : une dynamique discursive,</i> 1994<b>,</b> Langue fran&ccedil;aise, n&deg;104, p.115-124.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-variant:small-caps">yao, </span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Kouakou Daniel<b> </b>et<b><span style="font-variant:small-caps"> kahou, </span></b>Albert Dj&egrave;,<b> </b></span><i><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Repr&eacute;sentations sociales, types de communication et r&eacute;action sociale des populations face au ph&eacute;nom&egrave;ne des &laquo; enfants microbes&nbsp;&raquo; &agrave; Abidjan,</span></i><b> </b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2019<b>,</b> Revue des Sciences du Langage et de la Communication (ReSciLaC), Vol. 2, n&deg;8, p.115-134.</span></span></span></span></p> <div>&nbsp; <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span garamond="" style="font-family:">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a> FPI&nbsp;: fran&ccedil;ais populaire ivoirien</span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn2"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><a href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">[2]</span></span></span></span></a><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> <i>Gbaka</i>&nbsp;: minicar de transport collectif ralliant les diff&eacute;rentes communes de la ville d&rsquo;Abidjan. </span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn3"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><a href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">[3]</span></span></span></span></a><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> <i>coup&eacute;-d&eacute;cal&eacute;</i>&nbsp;: genre musical populaire urbain caract&eacute;ris&eacute; par &laquo;&nbsp;l&rsquo;exub&eacute;rance&nbsp;&raquo; de ses artistes et utilisation de l&rsquo;argot <i>nouchi</i>.</span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn4"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><a href="#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title=""><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">[4]</span></span></span></span></a><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> <i>Gnambros</i>&nbsp;: individus op&eacute;rant dans le secteur du transport urbain (taxis intercommunaux et gbaka), et se pr&eacute;sentant comme des syndicalistes. Des affrontements violents les opposent r&eacute;guli&egrave;rement entre eux-m&ecirc;mes et aux chauffeurs des v&eacute;hicules de transport qui se soldent par des pertes en vies humaines du fait des &laquo;&nbsp;rackets&nbsp;&raquo; qu&rsquo;ils effectueraient aupr&egrave;s des transporteurs abidjanais.</span></span></span></p> </div> </div>