<p align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><b>De la donn&eacute;e sensible &agrave; la sensibilit&eacute; des donn&eacute;es&nbsp;:</b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><b>Entre fragilit&eacute; postdigitale et carences juridiques</b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><i>Bettina Bordure (Universit&eacute; de Toulon/CERC) &amp; Albin Wagener (Universit&eacute; Rennes&nbsp;2/INALCO)</i></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:center">&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Notre proposition a pour objectif de porter un regard interdisciplinaire sur l&rsquo;&eacute;volution des enjeux li&eacute;s &agrave; la protection des donn&eacute;es num&eacute;riques individuelles, notamment depuis l&rsquo;entr&eacute;e en vigueur du RGPD (r&egrave;glement g&eacute;n&eacute;ral sur la protection des donn&eacute;es). Les auteurs proposent ainsi d&rsquo;examiner la question des donn&eacute;es personnelles en la reliant &agrave; celle de l&rsquo;identit&eacute; individuelle, de la postdigitalisation de nos soci&eacute;t&eacute;s et des n&eacute;cessaires &eacute;volutions juridiques qui doivent d&eacute;couler de ces transformations sociales profondes.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Pour ce faire, nous souhaitons tout d&rsquo;abord examiner la question des donn&eacute;es personnelles &agrave; travers le prisme des &eacute;tudes postdigitales, courant &eacute;pist&eacute;mologique et th&eacute;orique relativement r&eacute;cent, qui a &eacute;merg&eacute; au moment de l&rsquo;essor de ce que l&rsquo;on appelle le web&nbsp;2.0 (Herring 2013), soit le passage d&rsquo;un internet de la documentation pure &agrave; un internet de la mise en relation sociale des utilisateurs. Selon la th&eacute;orie postdigitale (Andersen, Cox &amp; Papadopoulos&nbsp;2014, Cramer 2015), contrairement aux id&eacute;es re&ccedil;ues sur l&rsquo;essor des pratiques sociales num&eacute;riques, il n&rsquo;y a pas d&rsquo;un c&ocirc;t&eacute; un monde virtuel et de l&rsquo;autre un monde r&eacute;el. Au contraire, ces deux dimensions, sorte de r&eacute;flexe de reliquat dualiste, ne rendent pas compte de la complexit&eacute; croissante de nos soci&eacute;t&eacute;s et de l&rsquo;interp&eacute;n&eacute;tration croissante des univers num&eacute;riques et non-num&eacute;riques, qui modifient en profondeur la tectonique des rapports sociaux et de notre relation &agrave; l&rsquo;identit&eacute; individuelle (Wagener 2018). Dans ce contexte, c&rsquo;est d&rsquo;ailleurs pr&eacute;cis&eacute;ment parce que le num&eacute;rique bouleverse le monde social que la question de la protection juridique des donn&eacute;es personnelles est aussi pr&eacute;gnante&nbsp;: l&rsquo;irruption de drames li&eacute;s au cyberharc&egrave;lement, par exemple, montre bel et bien &agrave; quel point les fronti&egrave;res se retrouvent brouill&eacute;es, et comme il serait illusoire de penser le num&eacute;rique comme un espace clos, distinct d&rsquo;un monde social &laquo;&thinsp;r&eacute;el&thinsp;&raquo; ou &laquo;&thinsp;physique&thinsp;&raquo;.&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Le l&eacute;gislateur fran&ccedil;ais lui-m&ecirc;me semble avoir du mal &agrave; se ranger d&rsquo;un c&ocirc;t&eacute; ou de l&rsquo;autre de la fronti&egrave;re. Tant&ocirc;t, il transpose des dispositions existantes au monde num&eacute;rique, dispositions devant alors le prolongement de la loi du monde &laquo;&thinsp;r&eacute;el&thinsp;&raquo;, comme ce fut le cas avec le d&eacute;lit d&rsquo;usurpation d&rsquo;identit&eacute; &mdash; tant&ocirc;t, il cr&eacute;e un cadre juridique nouveau autour de la donn&eacute;e personnelle. Dans ce contexte, le statut de la donn&eacute;e touche &agrave; la fois aux probl&eacute;matiques d&rsquo;identit&eacute; et &agrave; celle de la construction d&rsquo;un cadre adapt&eacute; qui permette de r&egrave;glementer ces transformations sociales, o&ugrave; num&eacute;rique et non-num&eacute;rique s&rsquo;interp&eacute;n&egrave;trent pour construire une nouvelle r&eacute;alit&eacute;. De ce point de vue, la notion de donn&eacute;e personnelle elle-m&ecirc;me a &eacute;t&eacute; consid&eacute;rablement enrichie, puisque selon le RGPD, personne peut &ecirc;tre&nbsp;<span style="color:black"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="background-position:initial initial"><span style="background-repeat:initial initial">&laquo;&thinsp;identifi&eacute;e, directement ou indirectement, notamment par r&eacute;f&eacute;rence &agrave; un identifiant, tel qu&rsquo;un nom, un num&eacute;ro d&rsquo;identification, des donn&eacute;es de localisation, un identifiant en ligne, ou [par] un ou plusieurs &eacute;l&eacute;ments sp&eacute;cifiques propres &agrave; son identit&eacute; physique, physiologique, g&eacute;n&eacute;tique, psychique, &eacute;conomique, culturelle ou sociale&thinsp;&raquo;</span></span></span></span>&nbsp;Ainsi donc,&nbsp;<span style="color:black"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="background-position:initial initial"><span style="background-repeat:initial initial">l&rsquo;enjeu majeur pr&eacute;dominant est la protection de ces informations qui sont de plus en plus mon&eacute;tis&eacute;es par les moteurs de recherche, les r&eacute;seaux sociaux ou les applications digitales &mdash; et qui deviennent de plus en plus nombreuses &agrave; entrer dans le champ d&rsquo;application du texte (Benabou 2017)</span></span></span></span>.&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">De surcro&icirc;t, d&rsquo;autres d&eacute;bats se retrouvent &eacute;galement en suspens, comme dans le cas de la reconnaissance faciale, dans la mesure o&ugrave; celle-ci est bas&eacute;e sur des fichiers de gabarits qui constituent des traitements de donn&eacute;es personnelles &mdash; et touchent, de surcro&icirc;t, aux questions li&eacute;es &agrave; l&rsquo;identit&eacute; physique des individus. S&rsquo;il est si important de prot&eacute;ger les donn&eacute;es, c&rsquo;est qu&rsquo;elles sont des faisceaux, des morceaux de l&rsquo;identit&eacute; d&rsquo;une personne. Recoup&eacute;es les unes avec les autres, elles permettent de dresser le portrait physique et psychologique d&rsquo;une personne, de son &eacute;tat civil &agrave; ses pr&eacute;f&eacute;rences sociales, en passant par son lieu de vie. Cette facult&eacute; les rend susceptibles de porter atteinte &agrave; la vie priv&eacute;e des individus, qui n&rsquo;ont ni le d&eacute;sir de voir leur intimit&eacute; expos&eacute;e ni la connaissance des moyens techniques de la prot&eacute;ger. La pr&eacute;occupation de protection li&eacute;e aux donn&eacute;es a donc un fondement juridique majeur&nbsp;: la vie priv&eacute;e, consacr&eacute;e depuis longtemps dans les textes fondamentaux et les d&eacute;cisions.&nbsp;Toute la complexit&eacute; de la question r&eacute;side dans le basculement postdigital de nos soci&eacute;t&eacute;s et dans la circulation d&rsquo;informations, autant que de discours, interrogeant &agrave; la fois la place de l&rsquo;individu comme source, organisateur et victime de la circulation de ses propres donn&eacute;es &mdash; le tout &agrave; une &eacute;poque narrative (Wagener 2020) o&ugrave; la production de r&eacute;cits et d&rsquo;informations provoque forc&eacute;ment la production de donn&eacute;es (Rallet &amp; Rochelandet 2011).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Ces questions ne touchent par ailleurs pas uniquement l&rsquo;environnement des r&eacute;seaux sociaux, par exemple, mais interrogent &eacute;galement le rapport aux donn&eacute;es de sant&eacute; (les r&eacute;cents piratages d&rsquo;h&ocirc;pitaux fran&ccedil;ais en pleine crise du covid-19 le montrent de mani&egrave;re assez &eacute;clatante)&nbsp;: elles remettent &agrave; la fois en lumi&egrave;re la question de la donn&eacute;e dite sensible, mais &eacute;galement l&rsquo;&eacute;vidence de la sensibilit&eacute; des donn&eacute;es, notamment dans un environnement o&ugrave; les g&eacute;ants du num&eacute;rique jouent (ou refusent parfois de jouer) un r&ocirc;le qui n&rsquo;est pas toujours lisible (Halpin 2008). Malgr&eacute; la protection l&eacute;gislative renforc&eacute;e pour les donn&eacute;es sensibles, les fuites massives de donn&eacute;es demeurent fr&eacute;quentes, et force est de se tourner vers des solutions alternatives&nbsp;: la mise &agrave; contribution des individus eux-m&ecirc;mes pourrait, par exemple, sembler une piste int&eacute;ressante&nbsp;: elle n&eacute;cessite de penser de nouveaux concepts, comme celui du pron&eacute;tariat (De Rosnay 2006), afin d&rsquo;impliquer durablement les personnes dans la protection des donn&eacute;es et dans le contr&ocirc;le de leur circulation. Au milieu de ces controverses, c&rsquo;est &eacute;galement au l&eacute;gislateur, et donc au droit comme composante essentielle de la vie d&eacute;mocratique et sociale (Commaille 2015) de pouvoir proposer des solutions qui tiennent compte de la complexit&eacute; grandissante de nos soci&eacute;t&eacute;s postdigitales et de leur course au progr&egrave;s technologique (Taffel 2015).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><b>Bibliographie</b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="color:black"><span style="background-color:#fcfcfc"><span style="background-position:initial initial"><span style="background-repeat:initial initial">Andersen, C.&nbsp;U., Cox, G., &amp; Papadopoulos, G. (2014).&nbsp;</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:black"><span style="background-color:#fcfcfc"><span style="background-position:initial initial"><span style="background-repeat:initial initial">Postdigital research &mdash; Editorial.&nbsp;<i>A Peer-Reviewed Journal About,&nbsp;</i>3 (1), 4&ndash;7.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Ars&egrave;ne, S. (2013).&nbsp;Vers une recomposition des pouvoirs&nbsp;: Internet et r&eacute;seaux sociaux.&nbsp;<i>Ceriscope puissance</i>, 6.&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Atrakchi, M. (2020).&nbsp;The case that sparked the CCPA gets an FTC final order.&nbsp;<i>The national law review</i>,&nbsp;6 janvier 2020.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Barlow, J. (1996).&nbsp;D&eacute;claration d&rsquo;ind&eacute;pendance du cyberespace.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Benabou, V.-L. (2017). L&rsquo;extension du domaine de la donn&eacute;e.&nbsp;<i>Legicom</i>, 59 (2), 3-17.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;CNIL (2012). Vie priv&eacute;e &agrave; l&rsquo;horizon&nbsp;2020&nbsp;: paroles d&rsquo;expert.&nbsp;<i>Cahiers Innovations et perspectives</i>, 1.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="color:black"><span style="background-color:#fcfcfc"><span style="background-position:initial initial"><span style="background-repeat:initial initial">Bourdeloie, H. (2013). Ce que le num&eacute;rique fait aux sciences humaines et sociales.&nbsp;<i>Tic &amp; soci&eacute;t&eacute;</i>, 7 (2), 7-38.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Commaille, J. (2015).&nbsp;<i>A quoi nous sert le droit</i>. Paris&nbsp;: Gallimard.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Costes, L. (2020).&nbsp;<i>Lamy droit de l&rsquo;immat&eacute;riel</i>. Paris&nbsp;: Lamy.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Cottereau, A. (2020). Le droit au d&eacute;r&eacute;f&eacute;rencement.&nbsp;<i>AJDA</i>&nbsp;(20)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><a name="_Hlk59478697"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:black"><span style="background-color:#fcfcfc"><span style="background-position:initial initial"><span style="background-repeat:initial initial">Cramer, F. (2015). What is &lsquo;post-digital&rsquo; ?. In : Berry, D.M. &amp; Dieter, M. (dir.),&nbsp;<i>Postdigital aesthetics&nbsp;: art, computation and &nbsp; &nbsp; design</i>, Londres, Palgrave MacMillan</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:black"><span style="background-color:#fcfcfc"><span style="background-position:initial initial"><span style="background-repeat:initial initial">, 12-26.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">De Rosnay, J. (2006).&nbsp;<i>La r&eacute;volte du pron&eacute;tariat &mdash; des mass media aux m&eacute;dias de masse</i>. Paris&nbsp;: Fayard.&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Debet, A. (2018).&nbsp;Le consentement dans le RGPD&nbsp;: r&ocirc;le et d&eacute;finition.&nbsp;<i>Comm. Com. Elec.</i>, 9 (4).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Desgens-Pasanau, G. (2018).&nbsp;<i>La protection des donn&eacute;es personnelles, le RGPD et la nouvelle loi fran&ccedil;aise</i>. Paris&nbsp;: LexisNexis.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Destreguil, M. (2019). Plaidoyer pour une approche propri&eacute;tariste des donn&eacute;es personnelles.&nbsp;<i>RJPF</i>, 3, point&nbsp;20, 5-11.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Forest, D. (2011).&nbsp;<i>Droit des donn&eacute;es personnelles</i>. Paris&nbsp;: Lextenson.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Forest, D. (2019). La gouvernance par les process&nbsp;: le cas Google.&nbsp;<i>RLDI</i>, fev. 2019, 49-53.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="color:black"><span style="background-color:#fcfcfc"><span style="background-position:initial initial"><span style="background-repeat:initial initial">Garric, N., &amp; Longhi, J. (2013). Atteindre l&rsquo;interdiscours par la circulation des discours et du sens.&nbsp;<i>Langage et Soci&eacute;t&eacute;,&nbsp;</i>144 (2), 65&ndash;83.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Germain, G. &amp; Massart, P. (2017).&nbsp;Souverainet&eacute; num&eacute;rique.&nbsp;<i>Etudes</i>, 10, 45-58.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Halpin, H. (2008). La souverainet&eacute; num&eacute;rique &mdash; l&rsquo;aristocratie immat&eacute;rielle du World Wide Web.&nbsp;<i>Multitudes</i>, 35 (4), 201-213.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><a name="_Hlk59096416"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:black"><span style="background-color:#fcfcfc"><span style="background-position:initial initial"><span style="background-repeat:initial initial">Herring, S. C. (2013). Discourse in web 2.0: Familiar, reconfigured, and emergent. In D. Tannen &amp; A. M. Trester (Eds.),&nbsp;<i>Discourse 2.0. language and new media</i>&nbsp;(pp.&nbsp;1&ndash;26). Washington&nbsp;: Georgetown University Press</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:black"><span style="background-color:#fcfcfc"><span style="background-position:initial initial"><span style="background-repeat:initial initial">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><a name="_Hlk59478724"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:black"><span style="background-color:#fcfcfc"><span style="background-position:initial initial"><span style="background-repeat:initial initial">Jandrić, P., Knox, J., Besley, T., Ryberg, T., Suoranta, J., &amp; Hayes, S. (2018).&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:black"><span style="background-color:#fcfcfc"><span style="background-position:initial initial"><span style="background-repeat:initial initial">Postdigital science and education.&nbsp;<i>Educational Philosophy and Theory,&nbsp;</i>50 (10), 893&ndash;899</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:black"><span style="background-color:#fcfcfc"><span style="background-position:initial initial"><span style="background-repeat:initial initial">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Joliveau, T. (2011).&nbsp;Le g&eacute;oweb, un nouveau d&eacute;fi pour les bases de donn&eacute;es g&eacute;ographiques.&nbsp;<i>L&rsquo;espace g&eacute;ographique</i>, 40 (2), 154-163.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Krapp, P. (2011).&nbsp;<i>Noise channels&nbsp;: glitch and error in digital culture</i>. Minneapolis&nbsp;: University of Minnesota Press.&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Lardellier, P. &amp; Bryon-Portet, C. (2010).&nbsp;Ego&nbsp;2.0&nbsp;: quelques consid&eacute;rations th&eacute;oriques sur l&rsquo;identit&eacute; et les relations &agrave; l&rsquo;&egrave;re des r&eacute;seaux.&nbsp;<i>Les cahiers du num&eacute;rique</i>, 6 (1), 13-34.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Le Deuff, O. (2006). Folksonomies&nbsp;: les usagers indexent le web.&nbsp;<i>Bulletin des biblioth&egrave;ques de France</i>, 51 (4), 66-70.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Mattatia, F. (2013).&nbsp;<i>Traitement des donn&eacute;es personnelles. Le guide juridique</i>. Paris&nbsp;: Eyrolles.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Nagy, P. &amp; Neff, G. (2015). Imagined affordance : reconstructing a keyword for communication theory.&nbsp;<i>Social media + society</i>, 1 (2), 1-9.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Nelson, R. (2000). TV Drama&nbsp;: &lsquo;flexi-narrative&rsquo; form and &lsquo;a new affective order&rsquo;. In : E. Voigts-Virchow (dir.),&nbsp;<i>Mediated drama &ndash; dramatized media</i>, Tr&egrave;ves, Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier, 111-118.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Paveau, M.-A. (2017).&nbsp;<i>L&rsquo;analyse du discours num&eacute;rique. Dictionnaire des formes et des pratiques</i>.&nbsp;Paris&nbsp;: Hermann.&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Pepperell, R. &amp; Punt, M. (2000).&nbsp;<i>The postdigital membrane&nbsp;: imagination, technology and desire</i>. Bristol&nbsp;: Intellect.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Peters, M. A. &amp; Besley, T. (2019). Critical philosophy of the postdigital.&nbsp;<i>Postdigital science and education</i>, 1 (1), 29-42.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Postigo, H. (2011). Questioning the web 2.0 discourse : social roles, production, values, and the case of the Human rights portal.&nbsp;<i>The information society</i>, 27 (3), 181-193.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing" styl