<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Le boycott de 2018 au Maroc a eu un effet consid&eacute;rable sur la vente de certains produits de consommation </span></span><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">&agrave; la suite</span></span> <span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">d&#39;une </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">propagande m&eacute;diatique touchant &agrave; la conscience collective de la diaspora marocaine. L&#39;&eacute;change d&#39;informations s&#39;est constitu&eacute; rapidement via les r&eacute;seaux sociaux pour former une diaspora dynamique par ses interactions sociales et ses engagements irr&eacute;vocables qui ont constitu&eacute; des actions sociales</span></span><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">. </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">La force de la propagande a envahi les m&eacute;dias </span></span><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">(presse &eacute;crite et r&eacute;seaux sociaux num&eacute;riques) et </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">se trouve submerg&eacute;e par des formes vari&eacute;es du langage perceptible (valeurs axiologiques, croyances, principes, motivations affectives, convictions, pressentiments). Comment ce langage perceptible s&#39;est manifest&eacute; pour &eacute;voquer une situation de crise ? A-t-il eu un impact sur l&#39;intelligence collective ? </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><a name="_Hlk66027892"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">N</span></span></a><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">ous avons opt&eacute; pour une m&eacute;thodologie qualitative</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> par triangulation &agrave; travers trois techniques</span></span><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">, &agrave; savoir, le</span></span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">focus groupe sur les r&eacute;seaux sociaux (Facebook et YouTube), </span></span><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">le</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> sondage d&#39;opinion destin&eacute; &agrave; des &eacute;tudiants et &agrave; leurs r&eacute;seaux de diff&eacute;rents &acirc;ges de 20 &agrave; 80 ans<span style="color:black"> pour y r&eacute;pondre d&#39;une fa&ccedil;on anonyme</span> et &agrave; partir</span></span><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> des</span></span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">chants folkloriques </span></span><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">r&eacute;f&eacute;renci&eacute;s en webographie</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">. Nos questions &eacute;taient ouvertes et semi-ouvertes sur les causes du boycott</span></span><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> et </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">sur le moyen par lequel l&#39;information a circul&eacute;</span></span><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">. Nous avons demand&eacute; de connaitre</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> les convictions de participation</span></span><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> &agrave; cette compagne</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> et la nature d&#39;engagement personnel</span></span><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> et collectif</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> en expliquant le ph&eacute;nom&egrave;ne de manipulation subie par les consommateurs, les motivations de ces derniers, le degr&eacute; de leurs croyances partag&eacute;es, </span></span><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">le </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">pourcentage de rejet des produits boycott&eacute;s de l&#39;eau min&eacute;ral Sidi Ali, de la station essence Afriquia et de la soci&eacute;t&eacute; Danone</span></span><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">. </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Nous mettrons en valeur sous une approche syst&eacute;mique la nature du contrat </span></span><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">fiduciaire de </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">cette marge de population &agrave; la suite du feedback participatif des communicants. Ceci nous am&egrave;nera &agrave; comprendre les dynamiques des groupes sociaux comme communaut&eacute; de consommation.</span></span> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Notre &eacute;tude se situe, ainsi, dans le cadre de l&#39;approche psycho-sociale des r&eacute;seaux de communication et des relations sociales de l&#39;&eacute;cole nord-am&eacute;ricaine Palo Alto et de l&#39;&eacute;cole classique de la th&eacute;orie des organisations fond&eacute;e par l&#39;Allemand Max Weber (<i>cf</i>. MWG I/22-2, 1984, p.121).</span></span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Les recherches transdisciplinaires en ph&eacute;nom&eacute;nologie du langage et en pragmatique de la communication constituent notre assise m&eacute;thodologique en affirmant la structuration du sens comme un processus dynamique de production de signification (<i>cf.</i> Coquet 1984, pp. 14-16). Nous retrouvons cette perception du langage dans la pens&eacute;e w&eacute;b&eacute;rienne traduite par les notes de Jean-Pierre Grossein expliquant les paradigmes de relation sociale, d&#39;action sociale, de participation et d&#39;interaction en les renvoyant au &laquo; v&eacute;cu subjectif, [aux] repr&eacute;sentations, aux finalit&eacute;s des individus &raquo; (<i>cf</i>., 2016, p.38, in MWG, <i>Idem.</i>)<i>. </i></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Pour le sondage d&#39;opinion, n</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">ous avons</span></span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">con&ccedil;u un questionnaire sur les causes du boycott des soci&eacute;t&eacute;s vis&eacute;es et sur les moyens m&eacute;diatiques utilis&eacute;s lors de cette p&eacute;riode dans le but d&#39;expliquer le ph&eacute;nom&egrave;ne. Nous avons remarqu&eacute; la fr&eacute;quence de certaines causes r&eacute;currentes reli&eacute;es &agrave; des raisons &eacute;conomiques, &agrave; des prix &eacute;lev&eacute;s, &agrave; des valeurs id&eacute;ologiques sociales, &agrave; des valeurs socio-&eacute;conomiques, au niveau de vie bas et &agrave; la caricature de Charlie Hebdo :</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center"><img height="225" src="https://www.numerev.com/img/ck_849_18_image.png" width="458" /></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Figure 1 : &nbsp;Pourquoi le boycott a vis&eacute; la soci&eacute;t&eacute; Danone ? (Sondage d&#39;opinion)</span></span></b></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Nous notons &agrave; travers cette figure que la perception des produits boycott&eacute;s diff&egrave;re d&#39;un consommateur &agrave; un autre. Cela montre que la r&eacute;ception des messages m&eacute;diatiques peut avoir des r&eacute;actions sociales selon des causes &eacute;conomiques ou selon des valeurs socio-politiques et id&eacute;ologiques. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Observons, actuellement, l&#39;&eacute;change de commentaires par les focus groupes sur les m&eacute;dias num&eacute;riques (Facebook, YouTube et presse &eacute;crite) qui constituent l&#39;objet de notre &eacute;tude des variables sujettes &agrave; l&#39;analyse :</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" style="width:604px; border-collapse:collapse; border:none" width="604"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:131px; padding:0cm 8px 0cm 8px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">M&eacute;dias num&eacute;riques</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:133px; padding:0cm 8px 0cm 8px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Commentaires des focus groupes</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:340px; padding:0cm 8px 0cm 8px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Les causes du boycott via les m&eacute;dias</span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:131px; padding:0cm 8px 0cm 8px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Facebook (1 groupe et 1 page)</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:133px; padding:0cm 8px 0cm 8px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-appel &agrave; la conscience collective.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-boycott de l&#39;esclavage.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-solidarit&eacute; aux pauvres et refus de l&#39;humiliation.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-refus de l&#39;exclusion sociale.</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:340px; padding:0cm 8px 0cm 8px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-pauvret&eacute;.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-diff&eacute;rents mouvements sociaux.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-pauvret&eacute; et humiliation.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-exclusion sociale.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-respect de l&#39;Islam et du proph&egrave;te et refus du discours de la haine.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:131px; padding:0cm 8px 0cm 8px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">YouTube (4 chansons)</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:133px; padding:0cm 8px 0cm 8px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Sur le chant amazigh de l&#39;Atlas : </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-boycott jusqu&#39;&agrave; la mort pour les vrais hommes et les hommes libres.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:340px; padding:0cm 8px 0cm 8px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Chant folklorique</span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> : la conscience collective et civique des surnomm&eacute;s </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">&laquo; </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">&eacute;tourdis </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">&raquo;</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Chant du Rap de Mouslim</span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> : </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-les conditions sociales de vie difficile.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-le discours de certains repr&eacute;sentants de partis politiques ne refl&egrave;te pas la r&eacute;alit&eacute; sociale v&eacute;cue.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-la pauvret&eacute;.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Chant du Rap de Gnawi</span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> :</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">- r&eacute;ponse des surnomm&eacute;s </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">&laquo; </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">&eacute;tourdis </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">&raquo;</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-pouvoir de l&#39;opinion publique (dignit&eacute;, sacrifices, militantisme, patience, respect de toutes les cat&eacute;gories sociales, </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">- taux &eacute;lev&eacute; de ch&ocirc;mage.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">- demande d&#39;une r&eacute;elle repr&eacute;sentation parlementaire. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Chant amazigh de l&#39;Atlas :</span></span></b> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-demande de sentir la peine des </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">&laquo; </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">&eacute;tourdis </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">&raquo;</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> en laissant le lait se fermenter.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-perte de confiance &agrave; cause de l&#39;injure </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">&laquo; </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">les &eacute;tourdis </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">&raquo;</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Chant du Ray</span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> : </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-prix d&#39;achat &eacute;lev&eacute;s.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-prix de poissons &eacute;lev&eacute;s.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:131px; padding:0cm 8px 0cm 8px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Presse &eacute;crite (3 journaux de 2018)</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:133px; padding:0cm 8px 0cm 8px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:340px; padding:0cm 8px 0cm 8px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-les prix excessivement chers en comparaison &agrave; d&#39;autres marques. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-des consid&eacute;rations politiques.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-des consid&eacute;rations &eacute;conomiques (chert&eacute; des produits, pouvoir d&#39;achat des Marocains).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-la repr&eacute;sentation des entreprises boycott&eacute;es et leurs dirigeants point&eacute;s du doigt.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-prix &eacute;lev&eacute;s pendant le mois de Ramadan.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-frustration sociale (Syst&egrave;me d&#39;&eacute;ducation et de sant&eacute; d&eacute;faillants).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-chert&eacute; des produits de premi&egrave;re n&eacute;cessit&eacute;.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-rapport avec les mouvements sociaux apr&egrave;s le printemps arabe.</span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:131px; padding:0cm 8px 0cm 8px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">2 journaux (2020-2021)</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:133px; padding:0cm 8px 0cm 8px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-condamnant la position de la France contre l&#39;Islam. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-la libert&eacute; d&#39;expression est aussi de diffuser des messages de boycott.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-contre la propagande coloniale.</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:340px; padding:0cm 8px 0cm 8px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-position de la France sur l&#39;Islam.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-poursuite de publication de caricatures outrageuses &agrave; l&#39;Islam et au proph&egrave;te.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-islamophobie.</span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:white">Tableau :</span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">&nbsp;Tableau : synth&egrave;se des commentaires des focus groupes</span></span></b></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">&Agrave; travers ce tableau, nous remarquons gr&acirc;ce &agrave; la participation des groupes soci&eacute;taux dans l&#39;&eacute;change sur les r&eacute;seaux num&eacute;riques l&#39;apparition de nouvelles variables que le sondage d&#39;opinion n&#39;a pas pu relever &agrave; savoir, les diff&eacute;rents mouvements sociaux, l&#39;islamophobie, frustration sociale, l&#39;exclusion sociale, l&#39;humiliation, le refus du discours de la haine et d&#39;injure, les consid&eacute;rations politiques. Selon Levy-Bruhl (1910-1920), ce qui caract&eacute;rise <i>la participation</i> &laquo; c&#39;est qu&#39;elle est une identification des individualit&eacute;s (&agrave; peine affirm&eacute;e) avec le tout du groupe social, avec l&#39;&acirc;me du groupe incarn&eacute;e dans son totem. &raquo; (Mucchielli, 1999, p.50). Ce dernier explique aussi ce concept selon A. Hesnard dans la <i>psychanalyse du lien interhumain</i> : &laquo; la participation serait une des formes de ce qui est, avant tout et imm&eacute;diatement, <i>la coexistence sociale </i>&raquo;. (Idem.)</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Les messages m&eacute;diatiques et les structures manipulatoires</span></span></b> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Les masses m&eacute;dias ne se limitent pas &agrave; diffuser et informer mais ils affectent les r&eacute;cepteurs dans leur <i>&ecirc;tre </i>et dans leur <i>immanence</i> (<i>cf.</i> Greimas, 1970, p.275). Leur impact se manifeste sur les croyances et sur les comportements d&#39;autrui par le /faire-croire/ manifest&eacute; par l&#39;acte de persuader et le /faire-faire/ (Greimas, 1979, p.220) comme une structure de manifestation manipulatoire tout en faisant partie de l&#39;opinion publique. Cette strat&eacute;gie de manipulation s&#39;est aliment&eacute;e par Facebook cr&eacute;ant des groupes virtuels appartenant &agrave; une m&ecirc;me zone g&eacute;ographique. Ce r&eacute;seau social a contribu&eacute; au changement d&#39;attitudes sociales en d&eacute;veloppant l&#39;intelligence collective par des interactions virtuelles avec des pairs inconnus diffus&eacute;es publiquement, appel&eacute;s &quot;amis&quot;. Il change ainsi la forme et la nature d&#39;amiti&eacute; comme relation sociale intime entre des individus partageant les m&ecirc;mes affinit&eacute;s sous un contrat de confidentialit&eacute; pr&eacute;suppos&eacute;e. Ceci constitue le premier paradoxe de communication en public. Il construit par cela des actions sociales plurilat&eacute;rales qui s&#39;identifient et agissent dans le monde r&eacute;el &agrave; travers des messages multisources ayant des codes informels. Ceux-ci sont produits et transmis &agrave; la diaspora sociale par des instances d&#39;&eacute;nonciation ayant des motivations diff&eacute;rentes dans un cadre spatio-temporel factuel pendant la situation de crise en agissant sur les attitudes : &laquo; Le r&eacute;seau des communications, par son organisation propre, a des effets sur les attitudes, sur le moral, sur la perception et la r&eacute;alisation de la t&acirc;che collective. &raquo;&nbsp; (Mucchielli,1999, p. 67).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Nous repr&eacute;sentons &agrave; travers la figure suivante la fr&eacute;quence des moyens par lesquels l&#39;information du boycott a &eacute;t&eacute; transmise &agrave; notre population soumise au sondage d&#39;opinion :</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center"><img height="161" src="https://www.numerev.com/img/ck_849_18_image1.png" width="340" /></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Figure 2 : Par quels moyens vous avez eu l&#39;information du boycott ?</span></span></b></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black">Nous remarquons, &agrave; travers cette figure, le pourcentage d&#39;interaction par le r&eacute;seau social num&eacute;rique Facebook d&eacute;passant les autres m&eacute;dias. Le journal fran&ccedil;ais le Parisien affirme que &laquo; l&#39;appel lanc&eacute; sur Facebook a obtenu un &eacute;cho inattendu au point que lundi, Danone Maroc a annonc&eacute; s&#39;attendre &agrave; une baisse d&#39;environ 20 % de son chiffre d&#39;affaires. La filiale du groupe fran&ccedil;ais cot&eacute;e en Bourse &agrave; Casablanca, pr&eacute;voit &eacute;galement une perte nette de 150 millions de dirhams (13,5 millions d&#39;euros) au premier semestre 2018 contre un b&eacute;n&eacute;fice net de 56 millions de dirhams (cinq millions d&#39;euros) sur la m&ecirc;me p&eacute;riode l&#39;ann&eacute;e derni&egrave;re. &raquo; (J.P.V et AFP, 2018).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Ceci atteste que la relation sociale via les r&eacute;seaux sociaux se consid&egrave;re comme action et interaction et d&eacute;veloppe, par ailleurs, l&#39;implication affective de ses membres &agrave; travers leur r&ocirc;le social qui se joue au <i>niveau organismique</i> : &laquo; [&hellip;] o&ugrave; notre corps et ses fonctions physiologiques participent aux vicissitudes de nos interactions sociales [&hellip;] &raquo; (Mucchielli,1999, p.41).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Les normes communes des m&eacute;dias sociaux num&eacute;riques s&#39;appliquent, en fait, &agrave; leurs utilisateurs qui les installent dans leurs machines num&eacute;riques par acceptation d&#39;un contrat de confidentialit&eacute; donnant acc&egrave;s au stockage des donn&eacute;es personnelles pr&eacute;supposant leurs tendances id&eacute;ologiques. Elles sont manifest&eacute;es par la prolif&eacute;ration de profils d&#39;utilisateurs cr&eacute;ant des publications (annonces), des &eacute;v&eacute;nements et un fil d&#39;actualit&eacute; attractif. Ceux-ci sont g&eacute;n&eacute;r&eacute;s en masse et par la connexion de ces profils en r&eacute;seaux sociaux. Ainsi, les m&eacute;dias num&eacute;riques impliquent la r&eacute;ciprocit&eacute; entre ces types de r&eacute;seaux &agrave; travers les &eacute;changes de vid&eacute;os, de photos et de messages, ce qui &eacute;loigne le point de vue des cybern&eacute;ticiens sur la communication de masse comme des informations transmises &agrave; d&#39;autres masses (<i>cf.</i>, Idem. p.48) : &laquo; La communication comme &eacute;change soumis &agrave; des normes communes est donc un fait social premier ; elle est la dimension sociale de l&#39;&ecirc;tre humain ; elle implique <i>la r&eacute;ciprocit&eacute; </i>&raquo; (<i>cf.</i>&nbsp; Idem., p.47.).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Contrairement &agrave; R. Mucchielli, Max Weber a &eacute;tudi&eacute; la complexit&eacute; de l&#39;action sociale et de l&#39;interaction<i> </i>humaine avec les autres instances du syst&egrave;me social par une &laquo; sociologie de la compr&eacute;hension &raquo; :</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">&laquo; L&#39;orientation de l&#39;action en fonction du comportement d&#39;autrui n&#39;est pas con&ccedil;ue sur le mode d&#39;une &laquo; interaction &raquo; impliquant une relation sym&eacute;trique et simultan&eacute;ment r&eacute;ciproque &ndash; voir la critique par Weber du concept simmelien d&#39;&quot;actions r&eacute;ciproques&quot; &ndash; mais sur le mode de <i>l&#39;attente. </i>&Eacute;tant entendu que celle-ci ne d&eacute;finit pas un mode de relation direct, mais d&eacute;doubl&eacute; : les attentes en fonction desquelles un acteur oriente son action sont des attentes relatives aux attentes nourries par d&#39;autres acteurs. &raquo; (Grossein, 2016, p.40). </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Dans notre contexte du lancement d&#39;appel au boycott 2018 au Maroc, les acteurs sont des instances du langage polyphoniques (<i>cf</i>. Breton, 2003, p.43) qui ont des statuts et des canaux m&eacute;diatiques diff&eacute;rents pour agir sur les comportements d&#39;autrui : </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><img height="76" src="https://www.numerev.com/img/ck_849_18_image2.png" width="592" /></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Figure 3 : Les actions orient&eacute;es selon les attentes relatives aux comportements d&#39;autrui</span></span></b></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Ainsi, les instances du langage font appel &agrave; &laquo; une autorit&eacute;, positive ou n&eacute;gative, accept&eacute;e par l&#39;auditoire et qui d&eacute;fend l&#39;opinion que l&#39;on propose ou que l&#39;on critique &raquo;. Ce <i>raisonnement par autorit&eacute; </i>est con&ccedil;u selon O. Ducrot comme <i>une autorit&eacute; polyphonique (cf.</i> Ducrot, 1984, p.167) que l&#39;on voit agir sur les t&eacute;l&eacute;spectateurs en diffusant, notamment, sur la chaine YouTube les chants c&eacute;l&egrave;bres de Rap, de Ray (chant oriental), de l&#39;Atlas, amazigh et gnaoui du sud du Maroc (<i>cf.</i> Corpus ci-dessous). Nous retrouvons l&#39;usage de ce raisonnement par la presse &eacute;crite en introduisant le discours d&#39;hommes politiques (Pr&eacute;sident</span></span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Recep Tayyip Erdogan, ministre Frank Riester &hellip;) ou de leaders d&#39;opinion (journaux &eacute;lectroniques, partis politiques, mouvements sociaux&hellip;).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Toutes les actions de ces instances polyphoniques ont &eacute;t&eacute; orient&eacute;es en valeur selon une dimension axiologique du langage. Weber a avanc&eacute;, par cons&eacute;quent, que l&#39;action peut &ecirc;tre orient&eacute;e, aussi, en valeurs lorsque celle-ci renvoie &agrave; la diversit&eacute; des motivations sp&eacute;cifiques de l&#39;action sociale :</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">&laquo; Mais Weber souligne que l&#39;orientation de l&#39;action en fonction des attentes relatives au comportement de tiers ne constitue que &quot; cas limite rationnel &quot; de l&#39;action social, dans la mesure o&ugrave; l&#39;action peut n&#39;&ecirc;tre orient&eacute;e qu&#39;en fonction de la croyance en la valeur propre de l&#39;action personnelle. Dans ce dernier cas, on parlera d&#39;&quot;action orient&eacute;e en valeur&quot; et ceci renvoie &agrave; la diversit&eacute; des motivations typiques de l&#39;action sociale. &raquo; &nbsp;(Idem.)</span></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Nous repr&eacute;sentons cela par cette figure : </span></span></span></span></p> <p><img height="51" src="https://www.numerev.com/img/ck_849_18_image3.png" width="584" /></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Figure 4 :&nbsp;les actions orient&eacute;es en valeurs</span></span></b></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Les deux figures (3 et 4) constituent selon la pens&eacute;e w&eacute;b&eacute;rienne la relation sociale existante parmi les individus qui signifie &laquo; ce qui se constituent entre eux &raquo; (Idem.). Observons cela sur le tableau suivant r&eacute;sumant les normes de l&#39;outil d&#39;impact en usage pour lancer l&#39;appel au boycott et leurs manifestations :</span></span></span></span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" style="width:604px; border-collapse:collapse; border:none" width="604"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:119px; padding:0cm 8px 0cm 8px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Corpus des M&eacute;dias num&eacute;riques analys&eacute;s</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:249px; padding:0cm 8px 0cm 8px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Normes de l&#39;outil d&#39;impact </span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:236px; padding:0cm 8px 0cm 8px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Manifestations : Impact des m&eacute;dias</span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:119px; padding:0cm 8px 0cm 8px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Facebook (1 groupe et 1 page)</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:249px; padding:0cm 8px 0cm 8px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-partage des slogans du boycott.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-nombre de membres aux groupes et aux pages est tr&egrave;s &eacute;lev&eacute;.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-r&eacute;p&eacute;tition des slogans sociaux par les mouvements sociaux.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:236px; padding:0cm 8px 0cm 8px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-conscience collective.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-action sociale.</span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:119px; padding:0cm 8px 0cm 8px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">YouTube (4 chansons)</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:249px; padding:0cm 8px 0cm 8px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-nombre &eacute;lev&eacute; de vues. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-partage des slogans du boycott.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-partage des ressentis.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:236px; padding:0cm 8px 0cm 8px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-appel au boycott des marques stigmatis&eacute;es.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-demande de consommer le th&eacute; &agrave; la place du lait.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-conscience collective</span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:119px; padding:0cm 8px 0cm 8px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Presse &eacute;crite (3 journaux de 2018)</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:249px; padding:0cm 8px 0cm 8px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-les internautes ont associ&eacute; leur photo de profil au filtre &quot;nous boycottons&quot;.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">&nbsp;-un &eacute;cho inattendu sur Facebook.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:236px; padding:0cm 8px 0cm 8px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-confront&eacute;s &agrave; la col&egrave;re de leurs clients, les &eacute;piciers refusent de se fournir les marques stigmatis&eacute;es.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-l&#39;impact sur l&#39;investissement et l&#39;&eacute;conomie nationales.</span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:119px; padding:0cm 8px 0cm 8px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">2 journaux (2020-2021)</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:249px; padding:0cm 8px 0cm 8px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-Hashtag </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">&laquo; </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">boycottfrance </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">&raquo; </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">dans les tops tendances des r&eacute;seaux sociaux au Maroc et dans d&#39;autres pays musulmans.</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:236px; padding:0cm 8px 0cm 8px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:white">LaT</span></span></span></b></span></span></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Tableau sur les normes et les outils d&#39;impact m&eacute;diatique</strong></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">propagande antinomique</span></span></b> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">La propagande </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">antinomique signifie la relation de la propagande politique &agrave; la propagande socio-&eacute;conomique. Ceci s&#39;explique par l&#39;appel au boycott sur les groupes sociaux des focus groupes ci-dessous et induit une grande influence sur toutes les cat&eacute;gories sociales (<i>cf.</i> Boulay, 2015). Selon nos observations du ph&eacute;nom&egrave;ne dans notre entourage et des groupes soci&eacute;taux sur les m&eacute;dias num&eacute;riques, nous avons not&eacute; que les consommateurs se sont mobilis&eacute;s au boycott par r&eacute;sistance &agrave; certaines instances sociopolitiques. Ceci &eacute;tait d&ucirc; &agrave; la provocation et l&#39;intimidation de certains leaders appartenant &agrave; quelques partis politiques pronon&ccedil;ant un discours d&eacute;valorisant au peuple marocain les traitant d&#39;ignorants ou &eacute;tourdis &laquo; Al madawikh&raquo;. Cette expression s&#39;est interpr&eacute;t&eacute;e n&eacute;gativement de la part de toutes les cat&eacute;gories sociales qui ont impos&eacute; le respect de leur dignit&eacute; par la pression influen&ccedil;ant l&#39;achat des produits boycott&eacute;s. Ces derniers ont r&eacute;agi dans les r&eacute;seaux de communication divers par le slogans partag&eacute; &laquo; Lhlib khlih yrib &raquo; signifiant &laquo; Laisse le lait fermenter &raquo;. La relation sym&eacute;trique entre dominations de pouvoir d&eacute;pend des instances de production de valeurs et des instances de sa r&eacute;ception. Le rapport de forces en sciences &eacute;conomiques change de cette mani&egrave;re les statuts du pouvoir et de manipulation selon qu&#39;il &eacute;mane d&#39;instances politiques ou d&#39;instances sociales. Il vacille entre dominant et domin&eacute; :</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><img height="151" src="https://www.numerev.com/img/ck_849_18_image4.png" width="490" /></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Figure 5&nbsp;: La repr&eacute;sentation de la manipulation par la propagande antinomique</span></span></b></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Les acteurs de la propagande socio&eacute;conomique ont vis&eacute; d&#39;agir sur le comportement des consommateurs, sur leurs attentes et sur leurs valeurs et non pas seulement sur leurs interactions par les retours de messages virtuels. Les consommateurs se sont engag&eacute;s au boycott puisque l&#39;orientation de leurs actions sociales a &eacute;t&eacute; dirig&eacute;e en fonction de plusieurs motivations.&nbsp; Nous nous r&eacute;f&eacute;rons &agrave; Jean-pierre Grossein expliquant l&#39;&eacute;largissement de l&#39;analyse &eacute;conomique par la m&eacute;thode w&eacute;b&eacute;rienne :</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">&laquo; En second lieu, l&#39;analyse de l&#39;&eacute;conomie comme action sociale, comme praxis, et donc l&#39;exploration aussi de son versant interne, &agrave; savoir les motivations qui la sous-tendent et, au-del&agrave;, les &quot;qualit&eacute;s&quot; psychiques, &eacute;thiques, qui &agrave; la fois conditionnent cette action et sont fa&ccedil;onn&eacute;es par elle : o&ugrave; l&#39;on retrouve la probl&eacute;matique des &quot;qualit&eacute;s humaines&quot; [&hellip;] &raquo; (Grossein, 2016, p.16).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Ceci nous renvoie &eacute;galement &agrave; la th&eacute;orie du changement en communication pragmatique d&eacute;velopp&eacute;e par P. Watzlawick sur les axiomes incluant le cadre de r&eacute;f&eacute;rences, les interactions et le feedback qui explique que notre intervention sur nos repr&eacute;sentations et sur nos perceptions de la r&eacute;alit&eacute; est un point crucial pour comprendre la dynamique sociale et r&eacute;guler la complexit&eacute; d&#39;une crise (Watzlawick et al., 1967).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Le syst&egrave;me axiologique et les motivations de l&#39;action sociale</span></span></b></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">La diaspora marocaine (sujet) d&eacute;cide de r&eacute;pondre &agrave; la provocation d&eacute;fendant sa doxa en contr&ocirc;lant les prix d&#39;achat par la force du pouvoir du client sur les fournisseurs des produits (Destinateurs) qui se d&eacute;pr&eacute;cient &agrave; cause de leur transgression du contrat de valeurs. La marque du produit de consommation (O) prend, &agrave; cet &eacute;gard, une forme ayant un caract&egrave;re axiologique manifest&eacute; par un rejet d&eacute;finitif (-) ou partiel (-, +) que nous repr&eacute;sentant par deux types de relations (binaire et ternaire) (<i>cf.</i> Coquet, p.10) :</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><img height="131" src="https://www.numerev.com/img/ck_849_18_image5.png" width="605" /></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Figure 6&nbsp;: Type de relations vis-&agrave;-vis de l&#39;objet de valeur</span></span></b></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:#212121">Eric Landowski explique les programmes entre instances actantielles par ce propos : </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">&laquo;<span style="background:white"><span style="color:#212121"> Les instances actantielles de l&#39;&eacute;nonciation [&hellip;] interagissent les unes par rapport aux autres en tant que figures investies de signification, c&rsquo;est-&agrave;-dire, notamment, dot&eacute;es de comp&eacute;tences modales et engag&eacute;es dans certains programmes.</span></span> &raquo;<span style="background:white"><span style="color:#212121"> (Landowski, 1989, p.207).</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">La figure transpose de cette mani&egrave;re deux programmes : le premier est une <i>relation ternaire</i> imposant l&#39;achat du produit par provocation et intimidation aux distributeurs, ce qui a impliqu&eacute; une disjonction du client avec l&#39;objet de valeur &eacute;valu&eacute; n&eacute;gativement par des r&eacute;serves et son ind&eacute;pendance au pouvoir surd&eacute;termin&eacute; (Programme 2) : </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">&laquo; <span style="background:white"><span style="color:#212121">Depuis le d&eacute;but de cette campagne &quot;anonyme&quot;, des milliers d&rsquo;internautes ont associ&eacute; leur photo de profil au filtre &quot;Nous boycottons&quot;. Confront&eacute;s &agrave; la col&egrave;re de leurs clients, de nombreux &eacute;piciers refusent d&eacute;sormais de se fournir aupr&egrave;s des marques stigmatis&eacute;es.</span></span> &raquo;<span style="background:white"><span style="color:#212121"> (</span></span>J.P.V. et AFP,<span style="background:white"><span style="color:#212121"> 2018). </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Nous ajoutons &agrave; cette repr&eacute;sentation de la presse &eacute;crite du rejet des produits boycott&eacute;s par &quot;des milliers d&#39;internautes&quot; celle de notre sondage d&#39;opinion qui montre le rejet d&eacute;finitif de 37% de la population questionn&eacute;e par rapport &agrave; 63% notant un rejet partiel conditionn&eacute; par : </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">1- </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">l&#39;am&eacute;lioration de la qualit&eacute;-prix.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">2- </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">la r&eacute;installation de la confiance entre investisseurs et clients.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">3- </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">la r&eacute;duction des prix d&#39;achat.</span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center"><img height="166" src="https://www.numerev.com/img/ck_849_18_image6.png" width="295" /></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Figure 7&nbsp;: La repr&eacute;sentation des produits boycott&eacute;s par le sondage d&#39;opinion</span></span></b></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center"><img height="186" src="https://www.numerev.com/img/ck_849_18_image7.png" width="446" /></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Figure 8 : La repr&eacute;sentation affective de la population</span></span></b></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">L&#39;engagement au rejet d&eacute;finitif des produits boycott&eacute;s &eacute;tait plus accentu&eacute; chez les focus groupes sur YouTube et Facebook du fait que les relations sociales et id&eacute;ologiques entre les abonn&eacute;s ou les membres des groupes soient interconnect&eacute;es. Ceci &eacute;tait d&eacute;tect&eacute; dans les commentaires aux chansons populaires et folkloriques de boycott transmises sur les r&eacute;seaux sociaux (YouTube et WhatsApp). Le s&eacute;mioticien Jean Claude Coquet explique cette force, transformant la nature des relations d&#39;une mani&egrave;re continue, par le corps parlant : </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">&laquo; Cette force qui s&rsquo;est av&eacute;r&eacute;e capable, contre toute attente, contre l&rsquo;&laquo; ordre des choses &raquo;, de revenir &agrave; l&rsquo;autonomie, est bien &agrave; mettre au compte, en fait, non d&rsquo;un &laquo; &ecirc;tre parlant &raquo;, mais d&rsquo;un corps parlant. &raquo; (<i>cf.</i> Coquet, 2011, Ibid.). </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Coquet explique le paradigme de &quot;relation de r&eacute;ciprocit&eacute;&quot; en se r&eacute;f&eacute;rant &agrave; Paul Ricoeur par l&#39;&eacute;mergence d&#39;un tiers actant. Selon Paul Ric&oelig;ur : &laquo; une relation de r&eacute;ciprocit&eacute; ne saurait se r&eacute;duire &agrave; un &eacute;change entre deux individus. Un tiers transcendant [je souligne] &eacute;merge &agrave; chaque fois, m&ecirc;me si ce tiers n&rsquo;est rien d&rsquo;autre que la relation elle-m&ecirc;me qui s&rsquo;impose comme acteur &agrave; part enti&egrave;re &raquo; (<i>cf.</i> Coquet, 2011).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Nous relevons, de la sorte, dans notre derni&egrave;re figure, le paradoxe de la communication relev&eacute; par G. Bateson, Paul Watzlawick (cf. 1972) et R. Mucchielli expliquant l&#39;insuffisance des relations interhumaines comme <i>la participation</i> et <i>l&#39;identification</i> estim&eacute;es n&eacute;cessaires au fondement du <i>lien social</i> constituant la <i>coh&eacute;sion sociale</i> entre les deux <i>instances</i> politique et sociale comme <i>interlocuteurs</i>. C&#39;est ce qui &eacute;tait apparent &agrave; travers notre sondage d&#39;opinion sur les principes des consommateurs boycottant les produits cibl&eacute;s, &agrave; savoir le principe social de solidarit&eacute; aux cat&eacute;gories sociales pauvres et sans emploi et par les figures des repr&eacute;sentations affectives sur les produits boycott&eacute;s rejet&eacute;s d&eacute;finitivement ou partiellement par les communicants :</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">&laquo; Si la relation <i>comme participation et identification</i> est n&eacute;cessaire, elle n&#39;est pas suffisante ; l&#39;interlocuteur doit, en m&ecirc;me temps, exister comme autre, c&#39;est-&agrave;-dire comme diff&eacute;rent. Il y a dans la communication une relation essentielle, mais aussi une<i> alt&eacute;rit&eacute;</i> non moins essentielle entre les deux communicants. C&#39;est l&agrave; le paradoxe de la communication : la diff&eacute;rence des personnes est condition de son &eacute;tablissement aussi indispensable que l&#39;intersubjectivit&eacute; qui les enveloppe l&#39;une et l&#39;autre, et les fait coexister dans le m&ecirc;me lien social. &raquo; (Mucchielli, Ibid., p.58). </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Le caract&egrave;re formel ou officiel du discours politique des dirigeants introduit par les masses m&eacute;dias &agrave; la diaspora marocaine constitue, ainsi, la doxa. L&#39;instance produisant un discours politique d&eacute;valorisant s&#39;oriente vers une opinion publique &eacute;largie au niveau international partageant les m&ecirc;mes croyances et les m&ecirc;mes valeurs. La figure suivante montre le sondage d&#39;opinion sur les croyances motivant le boycott. Il s&#39;est av&eacute;r&eacute; que la conscience collective d&eacute;velopp&eacute;e chez la population questionn&eacute;e appelle &agrave; l&#39;instauration de certains principes primordiaux &agrave; savoir, le principe social de solidarit&eacute; aux cat&eacute;gories sociales d&eacute;munies, le principe du client roi et celui de la protection des consommateurs (qualit&eacute;-prix) :</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><img height="148" src="https://www.numerev.com/img/ck_849_18_image9.png" width="598" /></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Figure 9&nbsp;: Les principes et croyances des consommateurs</span></span></b></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Aussi, le contrat de confiance et axiologique vis-&agrave;-vis des soci&eacute;t&eacute;s fran&ccedil;aises semble &ecirc;tre transgress&eacute; par la caricature de Charlie hebdo minimisant le sacr&eacute; par un humour sarcastique qui est rest&eacute; ancr&eacute; dans l&#39;inconscient de la communaut&eacute; musulmane marocaine et dans sa m&eacute;moire sensorielle :</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><img height="152" src="https://www.numerev.com/img/ck_849_18_image10.png" width="481" /></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Figure 10&nbsp;: Les convictions de la population cibl&eacute;e</span></span></b></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">M&ecirc;me si, l&#39;entreprise boycott&eacute;e du lait a revu, par cons&eacute;quent, ses valeurs d&#39;engagement apr&egrave;s l&#39;&eacute;valuation de la situation de crise en 2019, le sondage d&#39;opinion a soulign&eacute; en 2021 deux types de rejets en instaurant leurs principes selon leurs convictions :</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">&laquo; <span style="background:white"><span style="color:black">L&rsquo;entreprise s&rsquo;engage &eacute;galement &agrave; &laquo;&nbsp;assurer une plus grande transparence de la collecte &agrave; la commercialisation du lait&nbsp;&raquo;, notamment en rendant publiques les grilles tarifaires moyennes d&rsquo;achat aupr&egrave;s des &eacute;leveurs. L&rsquo;objectif est ainsi de rompre avec les repr&eacute;sentations collectives de l&rsquo;entreprise financiaris&eacute;e et de remettre en avant des valeurs d&rsquo;engagement, de confiance et de responsabilit&eacute; sociale.</span></span> &raquo; (Sebti &amp; Nasr, 2019)</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">En 2020, d&#39;autres provocations sociopolitiques ont eu lieu et ceci a &eacute;t&eacute; fortement condamn&eacute; par les m&eacute;dias de la communaut&eacute; internationale et par les instances politiques : </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black">&laquo; Frank Riester, ministre fran&ccedil;ais en charge du commerce ext&eacute;rieur, est revenu,&nbsp;</span><span style="color:black"><a href="https://www.rtl.fr/actu/politique/economie-le-deficit-avoisinera-80-milliards-d-euros-en-2020-annonce-franck-riester-7800911554" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"><span style="color:black">sur RTL</span></a></span><span style="color:black">, sur la campagne de boycott, lanc&eacute;e ces derniers jours dans plusieurs pays musulmans, qui cible les produits fran&ccedil;ais. Le ministre a notamment &eacute;t&eacute; interrog&eacute; sur ses craintes de voir cette campagne de boycott gagner le Maroc, apr&egrave;s que le minist&egrave;re marocain des Affaires &eacute;trang&egrave;res a vigoureusement condamn&eacute;,&nbsp;</span><span style="color:black"><a href="https://fr.le360.ma/politique/le-maroc-condamne-la-poursuite-de-la-publication-des-caricatures-outrageuses-a-lislam-et-au-prophete-225889" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"><span style="color:black">dans un communiqu&eacute;</span></a></span><span style="color:black">, la poursuite de la publication de caricatures outrageuses &agrave; l&#39;Islam et au proph&egrave;te par la France. &raquo; (Kadiri, 2020, le360) </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black">Un boycott aux produits fran&ccedil;ais s&#39;est d&eacute;clar&eacute; dans d&#39;autres pays comme la Turquie &agrave; la suite de l&#39;appel du dirigeant de sa r&eacute;publique :</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black">&laquo; Le pr&eacute;sident Recep Tayyip Erdogan a appel&eacute; ce lundi 26 octobre 2020 les Turcs &agrave; boycotter les produits fran&ccedil;ais accusant Emmanuel Macron de mener une &quot;campagne de haine&quot; contre les musulmans, des d&eacute;clarations susceptibles d&#39;attiser les tensions entre Ankara et Paris. &raquo; (AFP, 2020, le360).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">La guerre m&eacute;diatique continue d&#39;&ecirc;tre en jeu entre instances sociopolitiques internationales en oscillant la balance &eacute;conomique mondiale entre dominants et domin&eacute;s. Elle remet en question la red&eacute;finition des valeurs universelles afin de trouver un &eacute;quilibre aux multiples tensions cr&eacute;ant l&#39;&eacute;tat de crise.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Conclusion</span></span></b></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">L&#39;intelligence collective s&#39;est construite, alors, &agrave; travers les r&eacute;seaux sociaux par l&#39;effet de la propagande antinomique reliant la propagande politique &agrave; sa variante socio-&eacute;conomique. Son &eacute;mergence est remarquable actuellement &agrave; travers les m&eacute;dias sociaux num&eacute;riques du fait qu&#39;elle instaure une communication pragmatique multilat&eacute;rale se situant sous une dimension axiologique constituant l&#39;orientation de l&#39;action sociale.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Nous concluons que dans notre soci&eacute;t&eacute; moderne soumise &agrave; l&#39;influence m&eacute;diatique sous l&#39;emprise de la mondialisation, la prise de conscience s&#39;est install&eacute;e progressivement &agrave; travers la digitalisation. Cette lucidit&eacute; se manifeste par la transcendance des ressentis partageant une m&eacute;moire sensorielle collective ayant la m&ecirc;me perception aux objets de valeur m&ecirc;mes si les principes et les croyances se diff&eacute;rencient. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">En ph&eacute;nom&eacute;nologie de la perception, &laquo; le monde est ce milieu de nos exp&eacute;riences et de nos actions qui se donne comme toujours d&eacute;j&agrave; l&agrave; et comme enveloppant tout, y compris la conscience qui le th&eacute;matise &raquo; (Barbaras, 1997, p.59). Cette dimension thymique de la soci&eacute;t&eacute; moderne qui se cr&eacute;e selon des normes sociolectales hybrides ralliant le virtuel au r&eacute;el forme sa doxa.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Nous retenons, donc, &agrave; travers notre &eacute;tude des focus groupes sur les r&eacute;seaux sociaux Facebook et YouTube, du sondage d&#39;opinion et </span></span><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">des</span></span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">chants folkloriques que la r&eacute;troaction positive &quot;conduit au changement, c&rsquo;est-&agrave;-dire en un sens &agrave; la perte de la stabilit&eacute; ou l&#39;&eacute;quilibre &raquo; (<i>cf.</i> Watzlawick et al., 1972, p.25). Ce feedback a impliqu&eacute; une autre perception de r&eacute;gulation de la situation de crise pr&eacute;supposant un contrat de confiance p&eacute;renne et une synergie transactionnelle entre instances politiques et sociales pour retrouver l&#39;&eacute;tat stable &laquo; l&#39;hom&eacute;ostasie &raquo; (Idem.). </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">R&eacute;f&eacute;rences bibliographiques et webographiques</span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> :</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><strong><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="color:black">-</span></span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black"> Boulay</span></span></span></span><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">,</span></span></span></span><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="color:black"> Sophie</span></span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">, &laquo;&nbsp;Exploration du ph&eacute;nom&egrave;ne d&rsquo;<em>astroturfing</em>&nbsp;: une strat&eacute;gie de communication usurpant l&rsquo;identit&eacute; citoyenne dans l&rsquo;espace public&nbsp;&raquo;,&nbsp;<em>Communiquer</em>&nbsp;[En ligne], 7&nbsp;|&nbsp;2012, mis en ligne le 21 avril 2015, consult&eacute; le 12 juin 2021. URL&nbsp;: http://journals.openedition.org/communiquer/487&nbsp;; </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:#333333">DOI&nbsp;: </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">https://doi.org/10.4000/communiquer.487</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> Benveniste</span></span><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">,</span></span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Emile, 1966, Probl&egrave;mes de linguistique g&eacute;n&eacute;rale I, Gallimard, Paris.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> Cl&eacute;ret</span></span><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">,</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> Baptiste. L&rsquo;ethnographie comme d&eacute;marche compr&eacute;hensive : immersion dans les dynamiques consommatoires du rap en France. Recherches Qualitatives, ARQ Association pour la Recherche Qualitative, 2013</span></span><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">,</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> ffhalshs-01597621f, https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01597621/document</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-Breton, P., L&#39;argumentation dans la communication, Paris, la d&eacute;couverte, 2003.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Coquet, Jean-Claude, 1984, Le discours et son sujet 1, Klincksieck, Paris.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Coquet, Jean-Claude</span></span><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">, 2011,</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> &laquo; Les pr&eacute;dicats somatiques. Notes de conf&eacute;rence &raquo;, Litt&eacute;rature 3 (n&deg;163), p. 102-107. DOI 10.3917/litt.163.0102</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-Ducrot, O., Le dire et le dit, Paris, Minuit, 1984.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> Grossein</span></span><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">,</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> Jean-pierre, 2016, Max Weber, Concepts fondamentaux de sociologie, textes choisis, traduits de l&#39;allemand et introduits. Gallimard. Mesnil-sur-l&#39;Estr&eacute;e.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">- Josien</span></span><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">,</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> Michel, 1991, Communication interpersonnelle.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-Landowski, Eric, 1989, La soci&eacute;t&eacute; r&eacute;fl&eacute;chie, Paris, Seuil, Minuit.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> Merleau-Ponty</span></span><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">, Maurice</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">, 1964, Le visible et l&#39;invisible, Gallimard, Paris. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> Mucchielli</span></span><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">,</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> Roger (1999). Communications et r&eacute;seaux de communication pour accroitre l&#39;efficacit&eacute; dans l&#39;entreprise, ESF, Paris.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">- Sebti Hicham et Ikram Nasr Mohamed, 2019, https://theconversation.com/la-campagne-de-boycott-moukatioun-au-maroc-une-contestation-du-modele-des-entreprises-financiarisees-112148</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">- Watzlawick, Paul et al.,1972, Une logique de la communication, Paris, Seuil.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> Weber</span></span><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">,</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> Max Gesamtausgabe (MWG), T&ucirc;bingen, J.G.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck) [section I : Ecrits et discours ; section II : lettres; section III : cours], depuis 1984.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Corpus : </span></span></b></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><b><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-Presse &eacute;crite </span></span></b></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-AFP, 2020, Turquie, Recep-Tayyip-Erdogan appelle au boycott des produits fran&ccedil;ais, https://fr.le360.ma/monde/videos-turquie-recep-tayyip-erdogan-appelle-au-boycott-des-produits-francais-225937</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-Barrada, Younes, 2018, Les &eacute;chos, https://www.lesechos.fr/idees-debats/cercle/maroc-qui-seront-les-veritables-perdants-du-boycott-135328</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-J.P.V. et AFP, 2018, &quot;Qui est derri&egrave;re le myst&eacute;rieux boycott de Danone au Maroc&quot;, https://www.leparisien.fr/economie/qui-est-derriere-le-mysterieux-boycott-de-danone-au-maroc-06-06-2018-7756335.php</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-Kadiri Amine, 2020, &quot;Le ministre fran&ccedil;ais du commerce ext&eacute;rieur l&#39;affirme : &quot;Je ne redoute pas un boycott du Maroc&quot;, https://fr.le360.ma/monde/le-ministre-francais-du-commerce-exterieur-laffirme-je-ne-redoute-pas-un-boycott-du-maroc-226038</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-Ouriaghli F., 2018, https://fnh.ma/article/-/boycott-les-boucs-emissaires-de-la-frustration-sociale.</span></span> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><b><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Chants populaires sur le boycott</span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> : </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">-</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Chant folklorique de Marrakech, 2018, &nbsp;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JjvfnwX9QZM.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">-</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">Jawad Smain, 2018, Chant du rap</span></span></span></span><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black"> (arabe dialectale)</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black"> : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_F6vRJ0P34</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">-</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">Khalid El bedraoui, Chant avec slogan </span></span></span></span><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">(</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">amazigh</span></span></span></span><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">) </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QAL-JEHKi6A</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">-</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">Mouslim, Chant du rap</span></span></span></span><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black"> (arabe dialectale)</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">, 2018, &nbsp;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyq0sq2sgiA</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">-</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">Slogan interpr&eacute;t&eacute; par la musique Ray</span></span></span></span><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black"> (arabe dialectale)</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">, 2018, &nbsp;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=idCSJ5o02ss</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><b><span lang="fr-WF" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">-</span></span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">Groupes et pages sur Facebook :</span></span></span></span></b></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">-Compagne de boycott contre les prix &eacute;lev&eacute;s et le monopole, 2018, https://www.facebook.com/groups/moqatti3oun</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">-</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> <span style="background:white"><span style="color:black">https://www.facebook.com</span></span>/<span style="background:white"><span style="color:black">101748575070498- الفرنسية - المنتوجات - مقاطعة</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>