<p style="margin-top:16px; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px; margin-left:8px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:19.973333px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">1. Introduction</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; margin-top:16px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">En écho à la montée en puissance des crises écologiques, climatiques, socio-économiques et sanitaires dans le débat public, la question environnementale s’immisce dans un nombre croissant de disciplines scientifiques, comme en témoignent l’émergence de la psychologie environnementale, de l’économie écologique ou de l’anthropologie de lanature. Depuis les années 2000, deux courants distincts tentent d’associer certaines de ces disciplines : la science de la durabilité (SD) et les humanités environnementales (HE)<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a>. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt; margin-top:16px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">La SD se définit comme une science contribuant au développement durable, dans lequel les sociétés ne dépassent ni un « plafond écologique », fixé par différentes limites planétaires (Rockström et al., 2009), ni un « plancher social » défini par les composantes du bien-être humain <span style="color:black">(Raworth, 2012)</span>. Ce courant se définit ainsi par les questions et problèmes qu’il aborde, en l’occurrence les « problèmes complexes » de durabilité, plutôt que par les disciplines qu’il mobilise </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">(Clark & Dickson, 2003; Kates, 2011)</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">. En outre, la SD rompt avec la neutralité dont se prévalent habituellement les sciences de la nature, et assume une posture engagée et un lien plus fort entre les scientifiques et la société </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">(Clark & Dickson, 2003)</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">. Enfin, la SD a une visée transformatrice : les connaissances produites doivent conduire à des actions concrètes et transformer les interactions entre les humains et leur environnement <span style="color:black">(Kates, 2011)</span>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p> De leur côté, les HE témoignent d’une volonté croissante des sciences humaines et sociales d’investir le champ des études environnementales, en plaidant pour des approches interdisciplinaires et un dialogue entre les sciences et les sociétés (Rose et al., 2012 ; Granjou, 2017). Les HE visent à enrichir les sciences de l’environnement d’analyses historiques, sociales, culturelles, politiques et éthiques (Rose et al., 2012). Tout comme la SD, elles entendent rompre avec une structuration de la science en silos : elles se définissent d’abord par leur objet et leurs questions d’étude, c’est-à-dire les interrelations complexes entre les humains, leurs activités et l’environnement, plutôt que par leur ancrage disciplinaire (Celka et al., 2020). Enfin, les HE proposent une science engagée, voire transgressive (e.g. Hamilton et Neimanis, 2019).</p>
<p style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> Ainsi, en dépit de genèses différenciées, les ambitions de ces deux courants convergent pour fédérer des recherches autour des questions environnementales et redéfinir et renforcer les relations science-société. Ces deux courants font aussi l’objet d’une reconnaissance institutionnelle croissante (au sein de l’UNESCO, des programmes ANR, de revues dédiées ou de parcours de Master).<em> </em>Notre objectif dans le cadre du présent colloque est de mieux comprendre les contours respectifs de ces deux courants scientifiques et d’identifier leurs éventuelles différences et complémentarités. Il semble en effet que tous deux soient engagés dans deux dynamiques convergentes, mais avec des trajectoires opposées, les HE cherchant à intégrer les dimensions biophysiques de l’environnement dans les sciences humaines et sociales, tandis que la SD part des sciences de la nature et de l’ingénieur pour intégrer davantage les dimensions sociales des questions écologiques. Compte tenu de leurs ambitions respectives, les deux courants portent-ils des regards similaires, ou au contraire contrastés, sur les enjeux environnementaux ?</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:11px"> </p>
<p style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:11px"> </p>
<p style="margin-top:16px; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px; margin-left:8px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:19.973333px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2. Méthodes</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Nous avons conduit une analyse de la littérature scientifique associée à ces deux courants à travers deux requêtes standardisées sur la base de données Scopus. Notre stratégie de recherche a été d’être aussi neutre que possible ; nous avons donc utilisé les expressions (en anglais) « science de la durabilité » et « humanités environnementales » pour identifier les corpus, ce qui a mené à la constitution de deux corpus hétérogènes en termes de nombre de références (1872 documents au total ; Figure 1).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 11px; text-align: center;"><img height="138" src="https://www.numerev.com/img/ck_2885_27_image2.png" width="375" /></p>
<p align="center" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:center; margin-top:8px; margin-right:19px; margin-bottom:24px; margin-left:19px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#2e74b5">Figure 1 : Identification de deux corpus bibliographiques et nombre de références considérées.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; margin: 8px 19px 24px; text-align: left;"> </p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt; margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:11px"> </p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt; margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Nous avons ensuite conduit une cartographie bibliographique de chaque courant à l’aide du logiciel VosViewer (van Eck et Waltman, 2010), en explorant l'évolution du nombre annuel de publications, les revues les plus représentées, les auteur.ices les plus prolifiques et les publications et journaux les plus cités. Nous avons également analysé la co-occurrence des mots-clés renseignés par les auteur.ices pour identifier les principales thématiques abordées par chacun des deux courants de recherche, et étudié les liens de co-citations entre journaux pour évaluer le degré de dialogue entre les deux.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt; margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="line-height: 15.693334px;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-variant-caps: normal;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="text-transform: none;"><span style="white-space: normal;"><span style="word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="line-height: 17.120001px;"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times=""><font size="3">En complément, nous avons réalisé une analyse lexicale sur la base des résumés disponibles avec le logiciel IraMuteQ (http://www.iramuteq.org/). Nous avons mené une analyse en groupes hiérarchiques descendants (DHCA64), chaque groupe contenant les articles dont les résumés utilisent un champ lexical proche. Les mots composants ce lexique sont en outre caractérisé par leur distance relative les uns par rapport aux autres, ce qui permet de les situer dans un espace à plusieurs dimensions, et de les regrouper en différentes classes lexicales. Ainsi, chaque classe se caractérise par la présence/absence de mots, ainsi que par la sur-représentation de certains mots. Par ailleurs, un test de distribution du χ<sup>2</sup></font><span style="font-size: 21.333334px;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">a permis d’estimer si une classe lexicale donnée est statistiquement associée à un corpus donné (SD ou HE), autrement dit d’évaluer si un corpus donné utilise davantage que l’autre une classe lexicale donnée.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt; margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Enfin, une sélection de documents (opérée en combinant un échantillonnage raisonné et un échantillonnage aléatoire) issus des deux corpus ont été analysés de façon qualitative et codés selon une grille d’analyse articulée autour de trois grandes thématiques : la visée transformatrice des travaux, la place accordée à la co-construction des savoirs et la prise en compte des dimensions sensibles des relations sociétés-environnements. Nous avons formulé des hypothèses sur le positionnement de ces deux courants face à ces trois thématiques, que nous avons confirmées ou infirmées grâce à nos lectures.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt; margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:11px"> </p>
<p style="margin-top:16px; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px; margin-left:8px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:19.973333px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">3. Résultats</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><i><u><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">3.1. Deux courants qui présentent un décalage temporel </span></span></span></u></i></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">La SD apparait dans la littérature dès 2001 tandis que le courant des HE gagne en visibilité surtout à partir de 2010 (Figure 2). Ce décalage de 10 ans explique en partie que le corpus HE soit moins volumineux que le corpus SD.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 11px; text-align: center;"><img height="190" src="https://www.numerev.com/img/ck_2885_27_image3.png" width="253" /></p>
<p align="center" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:center; margin-top:8px; margin-right:19px; margin-bottom:24px; margin-left:19px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#2e74b5">Figure 2 : Évolution temporelle du nombre de documents composants les deux corpus.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:center; margin-top:8px; margin-right:19px; margin-bottom:24px; margin-left:19px"> </p>
<p style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><i><u><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">3.2. Des paysages scientifiques contrastés, une interconnaissance limitée</span></span></span></u></i></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">L’analyse quantitative montre que la SD et les HE constituent deux courants scientifiques distincts, entre lesquels les liens sont ténus. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Le premier indicateur de cette différenciation concerne les revues dans lesquelles les chercheur.ses des deux courants publient. Sur l’ensemble des revues investies par la SD et les HE (468), seules 22 revues sont communes (Figure 3). Parmi les 20 principales revues, seulement deux sont communes (<i>GAIA</i> et <i>Ambio</i>).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><v:rect filled="f" id="Rectangle_x0020_10" o:gfxdata="UEsDBBQABgAIAAAAIQC75UiUBQEAAB4CAAATAAAAW0NvbnRlbnRfVHlwZXNdLnhtbKSRvU7DMBSF
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" stroked="f" style="position:absolute; left:0px; text-align:left; margin-left:-176px; margin-top:1421px; width:147.5pt; height:53.2pt; z-index:251669504"><v:textbox></v:textbox></v:rect></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt; margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Deuxièmement, sur le total d’environ 4500 auteur.ices comptabilisé.es dans ce travail (3958 pour la SD, 561 pour les HE), seuls 26 auteur.ices sont répertorié.es dans les deux corpus (Figure 4). Par ailleurs, parmi les 20 principaux auteur.ices qui alimentent chacun des deux corpus, aucun n’est commun aux deux (Figure 4).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt; margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Finalement, SD et HE évoluent dans des périmètres distincts, dans lesquels les auteur.ices et les revues ne se recoupent que très peu. Pour aller plus loin, nous avons exploré les liens d’inter-citations entre les principales revues. Nous avons mis en évidence que les articles publiés dans les revues spécialistes des HE (<i>Geography Compass, Cultural Studies Review, Dialogues in Human Geography </i>ou encore<i> Anthropocene Review)</i> ne sont que très peu citées dans les revues relatives à la SD (comme <i>Sustainability Science, Sustainability </i>ou<i> Ecological Economics</i>) (Figure 5). Par ailleurs, les chercheur.ses qui publient dans les ‘revues SD’ citent des publications de 16 revues SD et 5 revues HE ou mixtes, ce qui n’est pas le cas pour les ‘revues HE’ qui se citent relativement peu entre elles (Figure 5). Le courant des HE semble plus disparate et moins fédéré que le courant de la SD.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-indent: 35.4pt; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 11px; text-align: center;"><img height="185" src="https://www.numerev.com/img/ck_2885_27_image4.png" width="396" /></p>
<p align="center" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:center; margin-top:8px; margin-right:19px; margin-bottom:24px; margin-left:19px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#2e74b5">Figure 3 : Principales revues des courants SD et HE.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt; margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:11px"> </p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-indent: 35.4pt; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 11px; text-align: center;"><img height="213" src="https://www.numerev.com/img/ck_2885_27_image5.png" width="454" /></p>
<p align="center" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:center; margin-top:8px; margin-right:19px; margin-bottom:24px; margin-left:19px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#2e74b5">Figure 4 : Principaux auteur.ices publiant dans les courants de la SD et des HE.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:center; margin-top:8px; margin-right:19px; margin-bottom:24px; margin-left:19px"><img height="382" src="https://www.numerev.com/img/ck_2885_27_image6.png" width="461" /></p>
<p align="center" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:center; margin-top:8px; margin-right:19px; margin-bottom:24px; margin-left:19px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#2e74b5">Figure 5 : Liens d’inter-citations entre les revues des deux corpus.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:center; margin-top:8px; margin-right:19px; margin-bottom:24px; margin-left:19px"> </p>
<p style="text-indent: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; margin: 8px 19px 24px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> Nous avons également analysé les thématiques abordées par ces deux courants en nous intéressant aux mots-clés renseignés par les auteur.ices eux-mêmes. Parmi les 44 mots-clés utilisés dans les HE, une dizaine qualifient des enjeux environnementaux (<i>global change, pollution, biodiversity</i>), huit les questions de pouvoir, de justice et d’inégalités, six sont associés à des concepts et aux ontologies (<i>new materialism, posthumanism, anthropocene ou environementalism</i>), et enfin cinq renvoient aux dimensions sensibles des relations société-environnement (Figure 6). A l’inverse les aspects d’interface science-société et d’éducation sont peu représentés dans les mots-clés.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; margin: 8px 19px 24px; text-align: center;"><img height="257" src="https://www.numerev.com/img/ck_2885_27_image7.png" width="454" /></p>
<p align="center" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:center; margin-top:8px; margin-right:19px; margin-bottom:24px; margin-left:19px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#2e74b5">Figure 6 : Cartographie des 44 mots-clés les plus utilisés dans le corpus HE.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:center; margin-top:8px; margin-right:19px; margin-bottom:24px; margin-left:19px"> </p>
<p style="text-indent: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; margin: 8px 19px 24px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> En ce qui concerne le corpus de la SD, les mots-clés qui sont bien représentés concernent les enjeux environnementaux, les approches systèmiques, l’évaluation écologique (<i>sustainability assessment, life cycle analysis)</i>, l’interface science-société, l’éducation et la transformation. Les mots-clés portant sur les rapports de pouvoir, les inégalités, les concepts et les ontologies sont quant à eux minoritaires (Figure 7).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; margin: 8px 19px 24px; text-align: center;"><img height="249" src="https://www.numerev.com/img/ck_2885_27_image8.png" width="430" /></p>
<p align="center" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:center; margin-top:8px; margin-right:19px; margin-bottom:24px; margin-left:19px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#2e74b5">Figure 7 : Cartographie des 47 mots-clés les plus utilisés dans le corpus SD.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:center; margin-top:8px; margin-right:19px; margin-bottom:24px; margin-left:19px"> </p>
<p style="text-indent: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; margin: 8px 19px 24px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Sur la base de cette analyse, nous avons comparé les occurrences de chaque thématique dans les deux corpus (Figure 8). Cette comparaison suggère que les HE se focalisent notamment sur les dimensions politiques et ontologiques des enjeux environnementaux, alors que la SD met l’accent sur l’amélioration des connaissances via une approche systémique, ainsi que sur la diffusion de ces connaissances que ce soit via les interfaces science-société-politique ou l’éducation et l’apprentissage social.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; margin: 8px 19px 24px; text-align: center;"><img height="208" src="https://www.numerev.com/img/ck_2885_27_image9.png" width="463" /></p>
<p align="center" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:center; margin-top:8px; margin-right:19px; margin-bottom:24px; margin-left:19px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#2e74b5">Figure 8 : Comparaison des occurrences des thématiques dans les deux corpus.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:center; margin-top:8px; margin-right:19px; margin-bottom:24px; margin-left:19px"> </p>
<p style="text-indent: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; margin: 8px 19px 24px; text-align: left;"> </p>
<p style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><i><u><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">3.3. Des convergences et similarités, une interconnaissance à développer</span></span></span></u></i></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Si la cartographie bibliographique a révélé des divergences entre la SD et les HE, l’analyse lexicale (portant sur les résumés) et l’analyse qualitative (portant sur l’intégralité d’une sélection de documents) permettent de nuancer ce constat et de mettre en avant des convergences. L’analyse lexicale montre l’existence de cinq groupes lexicaux, qui couvrent plus de 95% des résumés, et qui sont tous présents dans les deux corpus. Par rapport à une distribution purement aléatoire, la SD mobilisent davantage la Classe1 et les HE mobilisent davantage les Classes 3 et 4 (Figure 9).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 11px; text-align: center;"><img height="324" src="https://www.numerev.com/img/ck_2885_27_image10.png" width="454" /></p>
<p align="center" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:center; margin-top:8px; margin-right:19px; margin-bottom:24px; margin-left:19px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#2e74b5">Figure 9 : Extrait de l’analyse lexicale.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:center; margin-top:8px; margin-right:19px; margin-bottom:24px; margin-left:19px"> </p>
<p style="text-indent: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; margin: 8px 19px 24px; text-align: left;"> </p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt; margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">La première hypothèse que nous avons formulée dans le cadre de l’analyse qualitative est que « <i>les visées transformatrices de la SD est plutôt techniciste, elle cible les socio-écosystèmes en recherchant des effets tangibles et mesurables ; les visées transformatrices des HE sont plus radicales, elles ciblent le politique, les ontologies et les modes de pensée dominants » </i>(notre propre formulation). Une partie de nos lectures issues du corpus SD vise effectivement des transformations directes, via des solutions techniques et pratiques, avec une recherche d’effets tangibles sur le terrain <span style="color:black">(Childers et al., 2014). </span>Toutefois, dans de nombreux écrits, associés à la SD comme aux HE, il ressort que ces transformations directes s’accompagnent de changements plus profonds, concernant les <span style="color:black">représentations ou les modes de pensées dominants </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">(Blaise et al., 2017; Taylor & Pacini-Ketchabaw, 2015)</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">, l’identité ou les valeurs (Brown et al., 2019; Celka et al., 2020), les approches scientifiques </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">(Bennett & Roth, 2019)</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> ou encore les relations internationales (Burke et al., 2016). </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt; margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">La seconde hypothèse concerne la co-construction des savoirs : « <i>Bien que la SD et les HE aient en commun de s'intéresser à l'analyse des jeux d'acteurs au sein des processus de co-construction, les HE s’intéressent davantage aux relations de pouvoir, avec la volonté de renverser les rapports de force » </i>(notre propre formulation). Nos lectures ont confirmé que si les deux courants cherchent à impliquer des acteur.ices non-académiques dans la production de connaissances, ils le font dans une perspective différente, en particulier vis-à-vis de la place donnée aux jeux de pouvoir. Pour les HE, les jeux de pouvoir sont un objet d’étude à part entière, investi à travers des approches postcoloniales ou féministes par exemple </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">(Blaise et al., 2017; DeLoughrey et al., 2015; Pain, 2019; Taylor & Pacini-Ketchabaw, 2015)</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">. Dans la SD, les rapports de force sont davantage un point de vigilance dans la mise en place de démarches multi-acteur.ices qu’une problématique en tant que telle <span style="color:black">(Alrøe et al., 2017)</span>. Finalement, les deux courants ont des objectifs différents, ce qui se répercute sur la manière dont sont impliqués les acteur.ices non-académiques. La SD parle de « co-construction des savoirs » comme d’un impératif normatif ; les chercheur.ses sont invités à jouer un rôle concret dans la mise en place de dispositifs d’innovations multi-acteur.ices </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">(Miller & Wyborn, 2020)</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">. Pour les HE, qui parlent davantage de « régimes de production de la vérité », il s’agit d’une réalité déjà à l’œuvre : les chercheur.ses observent des rapports de force existants voire agissent sur eux, parfois « de l’intérieur », à travers des postures d’immersion, voire de militantisme (Burke et al., 2016). </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt; margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Enfin, la dernière hypothèse que nous avons formulée concerne les dimensions sensibles des relations société-environnement : « <i>Si elles intègrent toutes les deux les dimensions sensibles, le courant de la SD les aborde de façon périphérique via des approches systémiques (e.g. modélisation participative) tandis que les HE les traitent de manière qualitative et en font un objet central de recherche » </i>(notre propre formulation)<i>. </i>Nos lectures confirment que dans la SD, les dimensions sensibles sont émergentes, c’est-à-dire marginales mais en développement <span style="color:black">(Heinrichs, 2019)</span>. Cette dimension est abordée via des concepts comme l’attachement ou la valeur relationnelle <span style="color:black">(Brown et al., 2019; Stenseke, 2018)</span>, ou est intégrée dans des cadres d’analyse plus larges, comme celui des socio-écosystèmes, à travers les concepts de services écosystémiques culturels par exemple </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">(de Groot & Braat, 2015; Musacchio, 2009; Wu, 2013)</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">. En revanche, la place des dimensions sensibles est centrale, voire inhérente, aux HE. Elles sont à la fois un objet de recherche, une posture de recherche et un moyen de diffuser la connaissance, par exemple à travers des dispositifs artistiques <span style="color:black">(Neimanis et al., 2015)</span>. Malgré ces différences, la SD et les HE convergent dans une certaine mesure : ces deux courants reconnaissent le rôle transformateur que peut avoir la prise en compte de ces dimensions sensibles, postulant que l’« écologie intérieure » ou le « monde intérieur » des individus est en partie à l’origine des problèmes environnementaux et que sa transformation peut donc apporter des solutions à certains grands défis actuels (Ives, 2020).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-top:16px; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px; margin-left:8px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:19.973333px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">4. Limites de notre approche et pistes d’approfondissement</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">La présente étude comporte plusieurs limites. Des biais existent en relation avec le choix de la base de données Scopus car certaines recherches sont sous-représentées, en particulier celles qui sont publiées dans des revues non-anglophones, qui ne sont pas orientées vers l’international, qui sont faiblement citées, qui sont issues du monde non-occidental, ou qui sont issues des sciences humaines et sociales </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">(Mongeon & Paul-Hus, 2016; Zhu & Liu, 2020)</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">. Les analyses quantitative et lexicale pourraient être enrichies par de nouvelles requêtes, avec des mots-clés supplémentaires ou en utilisant de nouvelles bases de données. Ensuite, l’analyse quantitative invisibilise les éléments marginaux numériquement parlant, mais pourtant révélateurs de certains processus, par exemple le fait que les relations sciences-sociétés sont traitées de longue date par les Humanités. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt; margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Les pistes d’approfondissement de ce travail concernent principalement l’analyse qualitative, qui reste à affiner grâce à la lecture d’un plus grand nombre d’écrits et grâce à une approche qui permettrait aussi de mieux appréhender les trajectoires et évolutions de chacun des deux courants. Il est en effet envisageable que ce travail qualitatif plus soutenu permettrait une meilleure mise en cohérence des trois approches, quantitative, lexicale et qualitative.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt; margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:11px"> </p>
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<p style="margin-top:16px; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px; margin-left:8px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:19.973333px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">5. Conclusion</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Au sein de la SD, on voit de nouvelles thématiques de recherche émerger, notamment le dépassement de la dichotomie entre nature et culture, la mobilisation des arts et la prise en compte des relations de pouvoir. Les HE ont mené de nombreuses réflexions, notamment à travers les approches post-humanistes ou éco-féministes, qui pourraient être sources d’inspiration pour la SD. Au-delà, les HE ont créé un dialogue intégré entre sciences humaines et sociales d’une part, et avec les sciences biophysiques d’autre part. Sur ce point, la SD semblent avoir fait un pas décisif, notamment via la mobilisation des concepts de socio-écosystèmes et des approches de modélisation multi-acteur.ices.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt; margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:17.120001px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Pour conclure, notre étude révèle l’existence d’un espace pour des rencontres fertiles entre les courants SD et HE, qui présentent des domaines de complémentarité. L’enjeu des interactions à venir est d’éviter de durcir l’opposition entre la posture de radicalité politique des HE et la posture pragmatique de la SD. A l’issue de ce travail, nous retenons qu’au-delà des distinctions observées entre la SD et les HE, un dialogue constructif est non seulement possible entre ces deux courants, mais qu’il est déjà à l’œuvre, ne serait-ce qu’au sein de notre collectif de l’UMR SENS.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt; margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:11px"> </p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:35.4pt; margin-top:16px; margin-bottom:11px"> </p>
<p style="margin-top:16px; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px; margin-left:8px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:19.973333px"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">6. Références</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:start; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-indent:-24.1pt; margin-bottom:8px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="EN-US" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Alrøe, H. F., Sautier, M., Legun, K., Whitehead, J., Noe, E., Moller, H., & Manhire, J. (2017). Performance versus Values in Sustainability Transformation of Food Systems. <i>Sustainability 2017, Vol. 9, Page 332</i>, <i>9</i>(3), 332. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU9030332</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:start; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-indent:-24.1pt; margin-bottom:8px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="EN-US" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Bennett, N. J., & Roth, R. (2019). Realizing the transformative potential of conservation through the social sciences, arts and humanities. <i>Biological Conservation</i>, <i>229</i>, A6–A8. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIOCON.2018.07.023</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:start; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-indent:-24.1pt; margin-bottom:8px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="EN-US" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Blaise, M., Hamm, C., & Iorio, J. M. (2017). Modest witness(ing) and lively stories: paying attention to matters of concern in early childhood. <i>Pedagogy, Culture and Society</i>, <i>25</i>(1), 31–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681366.2016.1208265</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:start; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-indent:-24.1pt; margin-bottom:8px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="EN-US" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Brown, K., Adger, W. N., Devine-Wright, P., Anderies, J. M., Barr, S., Bousquet, F., Butler, C., Evans, L., Marshall, N., & Quinn, T. (2019). Empathy, place and identity interactions for sustainability. <i>Global Environmental Change</i>, <i>56</i>, 11–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.03.003</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="text-align:start; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-indent:-24.1pt; margin-bottom:8px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.693334px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="EN-US" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Zhu, J., & Liu, W. (2020). A tale of two databases: the use of Web of Science and Scopus in academic papers. </span><i><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Scientometrics</span></i><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">, <i>123</i>, 321–335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03387-8</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align:justify"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><a href="applewebdata://62AEFCC5-DD85-45B4-95EB-0C6193F6CB9D#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:14.266666px"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Dans cet article, nous utilisons SD au singulier et HE au pluriel, suivant ainsi l’usage le plus fréquent dans la littérature scientifique internationale relative à la <i>Sustainability Science</i> et aux <i>Environmental Humanities</i>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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