<p>La pr&eacute;sente traite du probl&egrave;me de la persistance des confrontations violentes entre police et populations en p&eacute;riode &eacute;lectorale sous l&rsquo;angle th&eacute;orique des repr&eacute;sentations sociales. Elle a pour objectif de comprendre, sous le prisme des repr&eacute;sentations sociales, les rapports des populations aux actions de la police dans un contexte &eacute;lectoral o&ugrave; les motifs de recours &agrave; la violence font saillance. La m&eacute;thodologie adoss&eacute;e au mod&egrave;le structural des repr&eacute;sentations sociales mobilise un &eacute;chantillon de 72 participants issus d&rsquo;une approche empirique dans 3 communes du district d&rsquo;Abidjan, auquel est adress&eacute; un questionnaire d&rsquo;&eacute;vocations hi&eacute;rarchis&eacute;es. L&rsquo;analyse et le traitement des donn&eacute;es mobilisent les analyses prototypique, cat&eacute;gorielle et les statistiques inf&eacute;rentielles. Les principaux r&eacute;sultats indiquent que les repr&eacute;sentations sociales associ&eacute;es &agrave; la police par les participants sont de valence n&eacute;gative. Celles relatives aux actions de la police nationale en p&eacute;riode &eacute;lectorale pr&eacute;sentent une ambivalence chez les populations selon leur statut social et leur niveau de confiance en l&rsquo;institution polici&egrave;re. Dans ce sens, l&rsquo;&eacute;tude retient que le recours aux actes de violence contre les forces de s&eacute;curit&eacute; en p&eacute;riode &eacute;lectorale chez les populations investigu&eacute;es est li&eacute; &agrave; la pr&eacute;gnance dans leur champ repr&eacute;sentationnel d&rsquo;items discr&eacute;ditant les actions de la police nationale dans sa r&eacute;gulation quotidienne.</p> <p><em>Abstract : The present study poses the problem of the persistence of violent confrontations between the police and the Populations as a disturbance to public order and to the stability of the country. Its objective is to understand, through the prism of their social representations, the relationship of the populations to the actions of the police in an electoral context where the motives for resorting to violence stand out. The methodology based on the structural model of social representations mobilizes a sample of 72 participants from a non-probabilistic approach in 3 communes of the district of Abidjan, to which a hierarchical evocation questionnaire is administered. Data analysis and processing employ prototypical, categorical, and inferential statistics analyzes. The main results indicate that the actions of the National police during an election period suffer from a social representation of an ambivalent nature among the populations according to their social status and their level of confidence in the police institution. In this sense, the study retains that the recourse to acts of violence against the security forces during electoral periods among the populations investigated is linked to the significance in their representational field of items discrediting and incriminating the actions initiated by the National police in its daily regulation.</em></p>