<p>Article</p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Introduction</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> La pratique du français, aujourd’hui, en Côte d’Ivoire, s’éloigne de plus en plus du respect de la norme grammaticale. Une norme endogène se répand au détriment de « </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">la norme prescriptive exogène » (Boutin 2003: 1). </span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Le constat est palpable dans toutes les situations de communication (conversations spontanées ou institutionnalisées) et dans les espaces d’expression, comme les médias, les chansons urbaines. L’école, espace par excellence de l’enseignement/apprentissage de la langue française standard selon les prescriptions normatives n’est pas épargnée. L’utilisation du français chez les élèves et étudiants, en effet, est de plus en plus décriée, au regard de la tendance aux entorses normatives (Adopo, 2016) et au recours aux variétés locales du français (nouchi, français populaire ivoirien), en porte à faux avec les normes du français de scolarisation. Le constat de la crise du bon usage du français à l’école est d’autant plus réel que les élèves vivent dans une certaine insécurité linguistique (Vahou, 2016). Les travaux sur la question ont souvent interrogé les facteurs liés au plurilinguisme du pays pour comprendre ce recul du bon usage à l’école. Mais l’approfondissement de la réflexion nous conduit à aller au-delà du seul facteur plurilingue pour explorer le domaine de l’attitude et de la représentation des apprenants du français. C’est donc le lieu de se demander si le rapport des élèves et étudiants au respect de la norme du français standard ne procède pas d’une certaine image qu’ils ont du français. En d’autres termes, l’image qu’ils ont du français n’influence-t-elle pas leur rapport à celui-ci ? Pour répondre à ces interrogations, nous avons entrepris de faire une enquête auprès d’un échantillon de locuteurs étudiants, autour du thème des prescriptions normatives dans la pratique du français. La réflexion, qui s’inscrit dans le champ de la sociolinguistique, explore les théories des attitudes linguistiques et des représentations (Morsly, 1990), que Calvet (1993) présente comme les « sentiments des locuteurs face aux langues, aux variétés de langue » (p. 42). La démarche n’est pas pour autant purement descriptive. Des énoncés illustratifs en soutien à la réflexion sont, en effet, l’objet d’analyse au regard de la perception normative de la langue. Cela implique qu’ils soient analysés selon les prescriptions du bon usage défendues dans les manuels de grammaire normative, dont <i>Le bon usage</i> de Grevisse (1986) est l’exemple emblématique. C’est pourquoi, la réflexion s’évertuera à présenter la notion de bon usage d’abord, ensuite à voir comment se manifeste la crise du bon usage à l’école, enfin, à montrer que le phénomène est sous-tendu par l’attitude et la représentation qu’ont les élèves du français standard. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">1. Le bon usage et ses exigences</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> Le bon usage de la langue, ici le français, se comprend comme l’usage jugé convenable et acceptable de cette langue. En clair, c’est l’usage du français qui respecte une certaine norme imposable en principe à tous les usagers. Cet usage est dit « bon » quand il respecte les règles prescrites. En la matière, les dictionnaires et les manuels de grammaire sont la référence. Depuis les premières esquisses de codification de la langue, le principe d’une langue de référence s’est toujours imposé. Les grammairiens de cette époque n’en ont pas fait mystère. Vaugelas (1647) défendait le principe de bien parler et de bien écrire, tout comme Lhomond (1780), dont le manuel de grammaire française avait pour objectif d’éviter les fautes. La tradition de la belle langue s’est perpétuée à travers les siècles jusqu’à notre époque où elle est encore d’actualité.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> L’idée de bon usage implique le principe de norme, que </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Gadet (2007) définit comme </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">« </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">un modèle unique de référence prescrivant un ensemble de règles de fonctionnement d’une variété de la langue. » </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> Cette norme du français est décrite dans les manuels de grammaire scolaire, dans ses aspects syntaxiques et morphologiques, et dans les dictionnaires, pour la dimension lexicale et sémantique. Mais la question de la norme est loin de faire l’unanimité chez les analystes de la langue. C’est l’éternel débat entre les chercheurs linguistes et grammairiens : les linguistes ayant une approche radicalement descriptive de la langue et les grammairiens, une approche prescriptive. Ces deux approches sur la question de norme continuent de se nourrir d’arguments solides. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> Les non-partisans de la norme dans l’usage de la langue reprochent à ce principe l’idée de l’imposition d’une norme aux autres, laquelle n’est autre que la prédominance de la langue d’une certaine élite. L’usage de la langue devrait donc être démocratisé. L’on redoute que l’enfermement, du fait de la protection d’un certain usage ne prive à la langue son évolution ou son enrichissement. In fine, ce serait contre les libertés. Beaudoin-Bégin (2011) estime que le principe de la norme dans la pratique de la langue n’est rien d’autre que « </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">de condamner une forme ou d’en promouvoir une autre. »</span></span></span> </span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> Le principe de la norme linguistique est pourtant nécessaire, car imaginons-nous une langue qui aurait une syntaxe, un lexique, une morphologie mouvants. On se comprendrait difficilement et l’on n’aurait plus une langue, mais des langues ou des variétés de la même langue. L’imposition d’une langue de référence est salutaire pour la langue car il faut une base linguistique stable sur laquelle tous s’accordent pour une intercompréhension efficace. Elle est d’autant plus salutaire qu’elle sert de référence pour les nouveaux apprenants : elle est « le pôle magnétique de l’apprentissage » (Py, 2000). Et c’est le rôle des grammaires dites scolaires. En fixant les règles, l’on sait sur quelle base il faut apprendre la langue. Une situation de communication où chaque locuteur aurait son code linguistique est peu opérationnelle. L’enquête réalisée auprès des étudiants (annexe, page 11), qui ne font pas mystère de leurs difficultés dans la maîtrise de cette langue, a montré cependant que 78 % d’entre eux rejettent l’idée que l’on puisse s’exprimer en français sans précautions normatives. Les locuteurs-mêmes qui ‘‘souffrent’’ du carcan normatif n’en rejettent pas le principe dans les pratiques linguistiques.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> Le bon usage a des exigences d’ordre syntaxique, lexical, morphologique et sémantique. Du point de vue syntaxique, la phrase française a une structure de base, ainsi formalisée : P </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">→ </span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">SN- SV- (SP). Cette phrase verbale est constituée de deux groupes obligatoires, le syntagme nominal (SN) et le syntagme verbal (SV). Le syntagme prépositionnel (SP) en est le constituant facultatif. Le SN, lui, a la structure suivante : </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">SN </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">→ </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">det-N-(Adj)-(SNP)-(Prop). </span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Dans le syntagme nominal, le déterminant et le nom sont les constituants obligatoires ; les autres, adjectif qualificatif, syntagme nominal ou proposition subordonnée, sont facultatifs. L’autre constituant obligatoire, le SV, se développe ainsi : </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">SV </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">→ </span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">V-(compl). Le verbe est le noyau de ce syntagme, qui peut admettre ou pas un complément. Toute phrase devrait s’appuyer sur cette structure pour entrer dans le moule du bon usage. Quant aux mots employés, ils doivent figurer dans les dictionnaires, qui attestent de leur morphologie et de leurs sens. De cette façon, tout mot étranger au lexique du français, ou qui ne serait pas écrit selon l’orthographe attestée, ou encore qui serait employé dans un sens autre que celui qui lui est reconnu, serait une entorse au bon usage. En général, les locuteurs s’efforcent d’utiliser la langue dans le respect de ces prescriptions pour des impératifs d’élégance et de valorisation de soi. Et l’école est l’institution qui consacre ce bon usage. Cependant, en Côte d’ivoire, c’est dans cette institution que ce bon usage, censé s’y perpétuer, est mis à mal.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">2. La crise du bon usage du français standard chez les élèves et étudiants</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> Le français en Côte d’Ivoire a le statut privilégié de langue officielle. À côté des autres langues locales concurrentes, il est la plus parlée. L’école en assure la diffusion et la pérennité. Elle enseigne les règles de base et veille à son emploi rigoureux. Toutes les déviations sont sanctionnées. En principe, les productions des apprenants ne devraient pas s’éloigner de l’usage exigé, étant entendu que les performances scolaires en sont tributaires. La réalité est tout le contraire, au point où l’on est en droit de parler de crise du bon usage. Ici, il est surtout question d’entorses à l’orthographe et à la syntaxe des phrases. </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">À</span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> tous les niveaux d’enseignement (de l’école primaire à l’université), les productions écrites ou orales des élèves offrent des cas surprenants de non-respect de la norme du français standard. De l’avis de tous, le niveau baisse. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">À</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> titre d’exemple, cette conclusion d’un devoir d’élève de 1<sup>ère</sup> A (classe de littérature) :</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><i> </i><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">En definitive la literature qui est utilisé pour donné du plaisir et qui permet de fait rêvé le lecteur de plusieur manière comme par la detente et l’evation. A mon avis elle aperse les meurse, parce que en lisent ou en regardent le théâtre sa tranquilise<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">[1]</span></span></span></b></span></span></a>.</span></span></span></i></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><i> </i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Une telle production, œuvre d'élève de niveau première, est surprenante en considérant qu'à ce niveau du parcours scolaire, à la porte du baccalauréat, des fautes d'une certaine catégorie sont incompréhensibles. La production n'est certes pas le reflet de celle d'un élève moyen, mais la réalité est que les apprenants du profil de l'auteur de cette production se comptent en grand nombre dans les classes en Côte d'Ivoire. Des travaux sur les écrits des élèves du secondaire ont fait ce constat (Vahou, 2016).</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> L'intérêt de cet énoncé réside toutefois dans la liberté du locuteur vis-à-vis de la norme standard. Aujourd'hui, à l'image de cet énoncé, le caractère sacré de l'orthographe est bafoué. À l'école, le respect scrupuleux des morphologies lexicales n'est plus un impératif chez les apprenants. Les accents sont ignorés comme ici dans les mots <i>definitive </i>(définitive),<i> literature</i> (littérature),<i> detente</i> (détente). Les morphologies d'usage des mots sont violées : <i>littérature</i> est écrit avec un <i>t</i> (<i>literature</i>) et le mot <i>plusieurs</i> écrit sans le <i>s </i>final. Même si l'absence de ces lettres n'altère pas le sens des mots, elle en altère en revanche l'esthétique formelle. Et l'exemple illustratif est la morphologie <i>meurse</i> en lieu et place de <i>mœurs</i>. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> L'orthographe grammaticale est aussi mise à mal. La morphologie spécifique du verbe construit avec un verbe semi-auxiliaire est ignorée. Cette position du verbe impose une forme infinitive. De façon prosaïque, il est dit que lorsque deux verbes se suivent, le second se met à l'infinitif : l'élève a écrit <i>qui permet de<b> fait rêvé</b> le lecteur </i>au lieu de <i>qui permet de <b>faire rêve</b>r le lecteur.</i> La même morphologie infinitive est imposée, par ailleurs, au verbe précédé d'une préposition ; ce qui n'a pas été non plus respecté : <i>la literature qui est utilisé <b>pour donné</b> du plaisir</i> (au lieu de <b><i>pour donner</i></b>). </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> Le bon accord du participe passé employé avec l'auxiliaire « être » est aussi indexé :<i> </i>l'apprenant a écrit <i>la literature qui est <b>utilisé</b></i><b>.</b> La règle d'accord du participe passé exige que celui-ci s'accorde avec le sujet lorsqu'il est employé avec l'auxiliaire « être » : <i>la littérature qui est <b>utilisée</b></i>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> Des études antérieures ont donné lieu aux mêmes observations des entorses morphologiques des mots (Adopo, 2012; 2016).</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> Enfin, au plan syntaxique, la première phrase n'est pas conforme au schéma de construction de la phrase en français standard, P → SN Sujet + SV + (SP). </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""> <span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Dans cette ‘‘phrase’’,</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">En definitive la literature qui est utilisé pour donné du plaisir et qui permet de fait rêvé le lecteur de plusieur manière comme par la detente et l’evation.,</span></span></span></i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">l</span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">e caractère de phrase n’est que formel : l’énoncé commence par une lettre majuscule et se termine par un point. Mais, du point de vue des constituants, il n’y a qu’un seul groupe syntaxique, c’est-à-dire le syntagme nominal sujet, qui est constitué d’un nom-noyau <i>littérature</i> auquel s’adjoignent deux propositions subordonnées relatives coordonnées, qui ne sont que des expansions du nom-noyau. Cette ‘‘phrase’’ n’est donc qu’un groupe nominal sujet, qui n’a ni verbe ni complément de verbe.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> Ces entorses à la norme standard ne relèvent pas de cas isolés. Vahou (2016 : 282), dans une étude portant sur 400 productions d’élèves arrive aussi à cette conclusion : « </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">La grammaire et le lexique du français des élèves enquêtés présentent des caractéristiques très éloignées de ce qui peut être considéré comme ''français central et normatif'' ».</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Cette </span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">situation est symbolique de l’attitude des apprenants vis-à-vis de la langue française, la langue de scolarisation, médiatrice des autres savoirs. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> L’explication de cette crise du bon usage pourrait venir du regard qu’ils ont du français qui leur est imposé.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">3. De l’attitude et de la représentation des apprenants du français</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b> </b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Le non-respect des prescriptions grammaticales dans la pratique du français chez les apprenants, élèves et étudiants, a amené à des propositions de remédiation qui ne semblent pas heureuses. Sans doute que le diagnostic n’était pas adéquat. C’est pourquoi, interroger les concernés-mêmes devrait offrir des pistes d’analyse en vue de solutions réalistes. L’angle d’orientation est celui du regard qu’ont les locuteurs apprenants de la langue française ; ce qui nous conduit à la théorie linguistique des attitudes et des représentations. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> <b>3. 1.</b> <b>La notion d'attitude et de représentation</b></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b> </b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Le regard que tout locuteur a de la langue peut induire des attitudes et des comportements vis-à-vis de celle-ci. Le rapport sentimental du locuteur à la langue n'est point à négliger quand se pose la problématique de sa maîtrise. Il va de soi que, si un locuteur aime passionnément une langue, il sera enclin à aimer l'utiliser en respectant les prescriptions de son fonctionnement avec enthousiasme. C'est en cela que Calvet (2005: 463) affirme que « les attitudes linguistiques ont des retombées sur les comportements linguistiques. » Analyser donc le regard des apprenants de la langue française en Côte d'Ivoire dans le contexte de plurilinguisme n'est pas dénué d'intérêt. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""> <span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Si, depuis longtemps, les notions d'attitude et de représentation ont été confondues pour décrire le rapport que le locuteur entretient avec la langue, les recherches récentes établissent nettement la nuance entre elles. Celle-ci est bien rendue par Bulot et Blanchet (2013 : 37) en des termes pragmatiques : « Relève des attitudes le fait d'être récalcitrant devant toute forme d'anglicisme (...) et que relèvent des représentations les discours disant que le français est une langue harmonieuse, riche...tandis que l'allemand est une langue rude, l'anglais une langue utile... » En un mot, l'attitude décrit le comportement du locuteur dans la pratique de la langue ; laquelle détermine le respect des usages recommandés ou pas, et les représentations, l'image subjective que l'on a de la langue (positive ou négative).</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> Pour avoir une idée du rapport que les apprenants en Côte d'Ivoire entretiennent avec la langue de scolarisation, le français, la nécessité d'une enquête auprès d'eux s'est imposée.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> 3. 2. L'enquête d'opinion</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b> </b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Réalisée en janvier 2019, l'enquête s'est faite sur un échantillon d'étudiants de l'Institut des Sciences et Techniques de la Communication (ISTC) polytechnique d'Abidjan. Cet institut compte en son sein quatre écoles, qui forment dans divers secteurs des métiers de la communication : le journalisme, la production audiovisuelle, l'art et image numérique et les télécommunications. Le choix de cet établissement, purement aléatoire, revêtait cependant un intérêt, celui de regrouper des locuteurs apprenants du français de profils divers. En effet, les quatre parcours de formation sont complémentaires dans le sens du profil littéraire et scientifique. Les parcours Journalisme et Productions recueillent prioritairement des élèves de profils littéraires et les deux autres parcours, des élèves de profils scientifiques. L'appartenance des locuteurs interrogés à chacune des écoles offre l'assurance de la prise en compte de tous les profils de formation.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> L'enquête a ciblé essentiellement les étudiants de Licence 1 et de Licence 2. Ceux de Licence 1, qui viennent immédiatement du lycée, devraient porter le regard du lycéen qui aborde un autre cycle de formation. Les enquêtés de licence 2, eux, peuvent être considérés comme étant de plain-pied dans le cycle supérieur avec le regard de l'étudiant à mi-parcours de sa formation.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> Par ailleurs, la question de la représentativité géographique est résolue par le fait que ces locuteurs étudiants ont été sélectionnés à l'issue d'un concours d'entrée qui a vu la participation des élèves provenant de toutes les zones géographiques du pays. Ainsi, les étudiants qui se retrouvent dans cet institut proviennent de toutes les régions de Côte d'Ivoire. De la sorte, les opinions devraient être nécessairement croisées pour offrir des résultats valides.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> L'enquête s'est faite par questionnaire avec des choix multiples pour lesquels le concerné devait simplement cocher la réponse qui lui convenait. Sur deux cents (200) fiches à renseigner, cent quatre-vingt-quinze (195) ont été recueillies pour être dépouillées et analysées. En clair, notre enquête a porté sur 195 étudiants, constitués de 118 filles et 77 hommes. L'enquête dont les résultats sont en annexe (page 11), a révélé le regard des apprenants du français qui leur est imposé à l'école. <b> </b></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b> </b></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> 3.3. Interprétation des résultats</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b> </b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">L'analyse des réponses des étudiants révèle un sentiment général de rejet de la langue de scolarisation, lequel est sous-tendu par une attitude de complexe d'indépendance linguistique et de la représentation négative d'un français, qui serait trop complexe et que l'on ne distingue plus de ses variétés locales.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> 3. 3.1. Le complexe de l'indépendance linguistique</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b> </b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">La tendance à la liberté observée vis-à-vis de la norme standard du français en Côte d'Ivoire à l'école prend source dans le rapport des apprenants à cette langue, qui a le statut de langue seconde (L2) pour plusieurs. Même si certains l'ont comme langue première, ce français n'est pas toujours celui de scolarisation ou de l'école (Le Ferrec, 2012), qui est plus contraignant, si bien que son apprentissage devient une nécessité. Le français standard utilisé à l'école demeure donc une langue ''étrangère'' (dans le sens d'une langue qui n'est pas d'origine locale). Ils sont en effet 83% à estimer que ce français n'est rien d'autre qu'une langue venue d'ailleurs, pour certains, une langue de la colonisation (77 %). </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> Cette image du français peut expliquer l'attitude de rejet révélée, notamment dans la réponse à la question d'exprimer le sentiment éprouvé quand il leur est reproché de ne pas parler correctement le français. Si la majorité éprouve de la tristesse (53 %), sans doute à cause du poids de la discipline dans leur réussite scolaire ou universitaire, il est à souligner que 47 % des étudiants manifestent un sentiment de colère et d'indifférence, ce qui est symptomatique de cette attitude de rejet. C'est pourquoi, la majorité des étudiants (57 %) est favorable à la substitution du français de l'école par l'argot nouchi (13 %) ou par une langue locale ivoirienne (44 %). Toutefois, à défaut d'une langue ivoirienne fédératrice, ils jettent leur dévolu sur le nouchi qu'il perçoivent comme le français des Ivoiriens (44 %) ou la langue des Ivoiriens (23 %). C'est donc la majorité des enquêtés, (67 %), qui ont une opinion favorable sur ce véhiculaire. Cela est d'autant plus vrai que 14 % affirment être plus à l'aise dans cet argot que dans le français de l'école. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> Cette attitude de complexe de l'indépendance linguistique s'inscrit dans l'environnement linguistique général où les locuteurs ivoiriens se taillent à leur mesure, à partir du français, une langue dans laquelle ils se reconnaissent et se retrouvent. Cela donne lieu à l'émergence de variétés de français à côté du français standard (le français de Côte d'Ivoire, le français populaire ivoirien, le nouchi). Toutes ces variétés ont en commun de se démarquer du bon usage à travers leur lexique et leur syntaxe. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""> </span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> <b>3.3.2. Le français, ''trop complexe''</b></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> « </span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Le français est une langue trop complexe », affirment la majorité des étudiants interrogés, à propos du caractère complexe ou facile du français. Sans hésiter, 165 des 195 étudiants interrogés (85%) disent que la langue qui leur est imposé à l'école est une langue complexe dans ses aspects morphosyntaxiques et lexicaux. Cela est confirmé par les données statistiques sur la nature des difficultés rencontrées dans le maniement de la langue : en tête des difficultés, les accords grammaticaux (48%), ensuite les sens des mots (32%), l'orthographe lexicale (11%) et la syntaxe (09%). </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> Les apprenants, avec cette image négative du français (langue indomptable) se murent dans une sorte de résignation dans l'usage de la langue et ne s'embarrassent plus d'écrire et de parler le français comme ils veulent, qu'il soit conforme ou non à la norme standard. Ainsi, 24% des étudiants interrogés disent être indifférents au jugement de ne pas se conformer au français standard, et presque la même proportion (23%) se disent favorables au principe d'écrire et de parler sans tenir compte d'une quelconque norme. Sur ce point, l'argot nouchi, dont la spontanéité des structures syntaxiques et du lexique est le trait caractéristique, devient le véhiculaire le plus prisé. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> Cette sorte de réappropriation du français est le résultat du « </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">sentiment de fierté de l’Ivoirien » (Aboa, 2008). </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Une telle représentation du français, largement partagée dans le milieu des jeunes en général, se manifeste davantage dans les communications numériques où la censure n'existe pas. Dans une étude sur le langage de ces derniers (Adopo, 2016), il nous a été donné de noter que les écarts relevés au regard du français normé sont délibérément produits dans l'intention de se construire un langage qu'eux seuls peuvent comprendre.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> Le mauvais usage du français chez les apprenants est donc tributaire du regard de langue complexe qu'ils ont de lui. Une telle attitude est un obstacle à la maîtrise de celui-ci, car «</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">les attitudes positives facilitent en général le processus d’apprentissage » (Lasagabaster, 2006: 27) des langues secondes ; ce qui n'est pas le cas chez de nombreux apprenants du français en Côte d'Ivoire.</span></span></span> </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> 3.3.3. Le problème ''des'' français en Côte d'Ivoire</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> À la question de savoir dans quelle langue ils se sentaient à l'aise, les étudiants ont répondu à 80 % que c'était le français; ce qui tranche pourtant avec le regard négatif qu'ils ont du français de scolarisation. Deux pistes d'analyses sont à considérer. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> Premièrement, cette réponse devrait être relativisée parce qu'on imagine mal un étudiant ''confesser'' qu'il ait des difficultés dans la langue de scolarisation, dont l'appropriation est le justificatif de son statut. Reconnaître avoir des difficultés en français serait une délégitimation de ses propres connaissances. Être étudiant suppose qu'on ait atteint un niveau de compétence sûr, dont en français, la langue de scolarisation.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> Deuxièmement, cette contradiction apparente est à mettre au compte du malentendu qui entoure la perception du français en Côte d'Ivoire. Plusieurs français (ou variétés de français) y cohabitent, en effet : le français standard, le français de Côte d'Ivoire, le français populaire ivoirien et l'argot nouchi (Kouadio, 1999). Les apprenants, en utilisant l'une des variétés (bien que n'étant pas la langue standard ou la langue de scolarisation) croient s'exprimer en français. En réalité, le français dont ils parlent n'est pas celui qui obéit aux normes exigées à l'école. C'est la raison pour laquelle, quoique rejetant le français de scolarisation et ses normes, ils disent se sentir à l'aise en français. Cette confusion des variétés chez les apprenants est une autre raison de la crise du bon usage. Ces derniers, en s'installant dans l'illusion de la maîtrise du français alors qu'il ne s'agit que d'une variété non attestée à l'école, ne se donnent plus de peine pour une acquisition plus rationnelle du français de scolarisation. En général, on ne se soucie plus de ce qui est considéré comme un acquis. Cela est confirmé par leurs réponses à propos du statut du nouchi, cet argot « mêlé de français, de dioula et d’autres langues ivoiriennes et européennes » (Boutin, 2015) : seuls 32, 82 % ne le considèrent pas comme du bon français. Autrement dit, les autres (67, 16 %), en l'utilisant, pensent qu'ils parlent français. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> Le fait donc de ne pas discerner le <i>bon</i> français du <i>faux</i> ou de considérer que chaque variété locale du français est de fait le français, concourt au recul du bon usage. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Conclusion</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""> <span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">La pratique du français chez les apprenants en Côte d'Ivoire est faite d'entorses grammaticales et lexicales au regard de la norme standard. Cette situation est d'autant plus surprenante que l'école est l'espace par excellence de l'apprentissage et de la pratique ''saine'' du français, au surplus, langue officielle. Hormis le facteur de l'environnement plurilingue du pays, c'est surtout l'attitude et la représentation des apprenants du français qui est en cause. Le caractère jugé complexe du français, la volonté d'affranchissement de cette langue dite de l'étranger et sa confusion à ses variétés locales, peu exigeantes du point de vue grammatical, sont autant d'éléments qui nourrissent cette rébellion contre sa pratique selon le bon usage. Il s'ouvre alors le débat sur la norme à observer à l'école en Côte d'Ivoire : la norme standard (le français de France) ou une norme endogène, qui s'appuierait sur la réalité linguistique de la Côte d'Ivoire? Une interrogation qui mérite aussi d'être profondément analysée.<span style="color:red"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Annexes 1 : Le questionnaire de l’enquête réalisée auprès des étudiants</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Sexe</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Homme</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Femme</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Dans quelle langue vous sentez-vous à l’aise ?</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Nouchi</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Français de l’école ?</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Autre ?</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Qu’est-ce qui est difficile pour vous dans le maniement de la langue française ?</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Ecrire correctement les mots</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Trouver les sens des mots</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Accorder correctement les mots</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Construire correctement les phrases</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Pourquoi faites-vous des fautes en écrivant ?</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Par inattention</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Par méconnaissance des règles</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">A cause de l’oubli des règles</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Parce que le français est trop compliqué</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Quel est votre avis si l’on disait que, désormais, on pouvait écrire et de parler le français comme on veut ?</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">D’accord</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Pas d’accord </span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Quel est votre souhait ?</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Remplacer le Français de l’école par le nouchi</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Remplacer le Français de l’école par une langue ivoirienne</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Que ressentez-vous quand on vous dit que vous ne parlez pas bien français ?</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">De la tristesse</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">De la colère</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">De l’indifférence (je m’en fous)</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Pour vous, le français est :</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Une langue complexe</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Une langue facile</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Comment considérez-vous le français en Côte d’Ivoire ?</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Une langue étrangère</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Une langue de la colonisation</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Une langue à adapter aux réalités des Ivoiriens</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Comment considérez-vous le nouchi ?</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">C’est le français des Ivoiriens</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">C’est la langue des Ivoiriens</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">C’est le français de ceux qui ne comprennent pas bien le français</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Annexe 2: Résultats de l'enquête auprès des étudiants</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:461px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Dans quelle langue vous sentez-vous à l’aise ?</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
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<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Nouchi</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Français de l’école ?</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Autre ?</span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Femmes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">11</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">99</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">08</span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Hommes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">17</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">57</span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">03</span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Total</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">28</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">156</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">11</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
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<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">%</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">14,35</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">80</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">05,6</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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</tbody>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
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<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
</td>
<td colspan="4" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:491px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Qu’est-ce qui est difficile pour vous dans le maniement de la langue française ?</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Ecrire correctement les mots</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Trouver les sens des mots</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Accorder correctement les mots</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Construire correctement les phrases</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Femmes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">09</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">41</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">58</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">10</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Hommes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">12</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">22</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">36</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">07</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Total</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">21</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">63</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">94</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">17</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">%</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">10,76</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">32,30</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">48,20</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">08,71</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
<table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
</td>
<td colspan="4" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:491px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Pourquoi faites-vous des fautes en écrivant ?</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Par inattention</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Par méconnaissance des règles</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">À</span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> cause de l’oubli des règles</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Parce que le français est trop compliqué</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Femmes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">44</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">10</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">55</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">09</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Hommes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">35</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">14</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">25</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">03</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Total</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">79</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">24</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">80</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">12</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">%</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">40,51</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">12,30</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">41,02</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">06,15</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
<table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:177px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:437px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Quel est votre avis si l’on disait que, désormais, on pouvait écrire et parler le français comme on veut ?</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:177px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:232px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">D’accord</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Pas d’accord</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:177px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Femmes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:232px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">25</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">93</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:177px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Hommes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:232px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">17</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">60</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:177px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Total</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:232px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">42</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">153</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:177px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">%</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:232px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">21,53</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">78,46</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
<table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:480px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Quel est votre souhait ?</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Remplacer le Français de l’école par le nouchi</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:162px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Remplacer le Français de l’école par une langue ivoirienne</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:138px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Laisser les choses en l’état</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Femmes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">11</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:162px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">58</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:138px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">49</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Hommes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">14</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:162px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">29</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:138px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">34</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Total</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">25</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:162px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">87</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:138px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">83</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">%</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">12,82</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:162px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">44,61</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:138px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">42,56</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
<table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:480px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Que ressentez-vous quand on vous dit que vous ne parlez pas bien français ?</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">De la tristesse</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">De la colère</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:158px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">De l’indifférence (je m’en fous)</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Femmes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">71</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">32</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:158px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">15</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Hommes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">33</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">12</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:158px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">32</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Total</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">104</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">44</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:158px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">47</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">%</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">53,33</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">22,56</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:158px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">24,10</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
<table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:409px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Pour vous, le français est :</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Une langue complexe</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Une langue facile</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Femmes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">97</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">21</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Hommes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">68</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">09</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Total</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">165</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">30</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">%</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">84,61</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">15,38</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
<table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:480px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Comment considérez-vous le français en Côte d’Ivoire ?</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:99px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:99px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Une langue étrangère</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:162px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:99px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Une langue de la colonisation</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:138px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:99px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Une langue à adapter aux réalités des Ivoirien</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Femmes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">03</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:162px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">91</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:138px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">24</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Hommes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">08</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:162px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">59</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:138px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">10</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Total</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">11</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:162px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">150</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:138px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">34</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">%</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">05,6</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:162px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">76,92</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:138px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">17,43</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
<table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:480px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Comment considérez-vous le nouchi ?</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">C’est le français des Ivoiriens</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">C’est la langue des Ivoiriens</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:158px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">C’est le français de ceux qui ne comprennent pas bien le français</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Femmes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">56</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">20</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:158px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">42</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Hommes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">29</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">26</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:158px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">22</span></span></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Total</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">85</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">46</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:158px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">64</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">%</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">43,58</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">23,58</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:158px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top">
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">32,82</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"> </p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Références bibliographiques </span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Aboa Alain (2008), « La Côte d’Ivoire et la langue française : les facteurs d’une appropriation», <i>Revue des Théories et Modèles linguistiques</i>, n° 08, Université F. Houphouët-Boigny de Cocody-Abidjan, pp. 1-13.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Aboa Alain (2013), « Les représentations de la langue française chez les Ivoiriens », <i>Revue des Théories et Modèles linguistiques</i>, n° 09, Université F. Houphouët-Boigny de Cocody Abidjan. (En ligne http://www.ltml.ci/files/articles9/ABOA_Abia_Alain.pdf).</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Adopo Aimé (2015), « Le français, langue seconde en Côte d'Ivoire, à l'épreuve de sa cohabitation avec les langues premières », <i>Le plurilinguisme en Afrique</i> (Ouvrage collectif dir. Augustin Ebongue), Kansas City, MAP, pp. 405-426.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Adopo Aimé (2016), « Le défi de l'appropriation du français standard à l'école dans l'environnement sociolinguistique particulier de la Côte d'Ivoire », <i>Contrastive linguistics</i>, n° 5, pp. 218-227. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Ahoua Agnace (2017), « La problématique de l'application des règles d'accord du participe passé par les élèves », Mémoire de Master en grammaire, École Normale Supérieure d'Abidjan, dép. Arts et Lettres (Sous la direction de Yépri Léon, co-direction Adopo Aimé).</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Aléong Stanley (1983), « Normes linguistiques, normes sociales: une perspective anthropologique », <i>La norme linguistique, </i>Textes colligés et présentés par Édith Bédard et Jacques Maurais, Paris Robert.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><a href="http://www.entouscas.ca/author/metalinguiste/" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline" title="Afficher tous les articles par Anne-Marie Beaudoin-Bégin"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="text-underline:none">Beaudoin-Bégin</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink" style="color:blue"><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="text-underline:none"> Anne-Marie </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">(2011)<span class="MsoHyperlink" style="color:blue"><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="text-underline:none">, « De l'arbitraire de la norme », </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><a href="http://www.entouscas.ca/2011/04/l-arbitraire-de-la-norme/" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="text-underline:none">http://www.entouscas.ca/2011/04/l-arbitraire-de-la-norme/</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">, (consulté le 30/03/18).</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Bohui Hilaire </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">(2015), <i>Petit recueil d'Ivoirismes</i>, Abidjan, Le Graal.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Boutin Béatrice </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">(2003)</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">, « La norme endogène du français de Côte d'Ivoire : mise en évidence de règles différentes du français de France concernant la complémentation verbale », <i>Sud langue</i> n° 2, pp. 33-46. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Boutin Béatrice et N’Guessan Jérémie (2015), « Le nouchi, c’est notre créole en quelque sorte, qui est parlé par presque toute la Côte d’Ivoire », Auf Archives ouvertes </span></span></span>(En ligne, <a href="https://hal-auf.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01408710/document" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">https://hal-auf.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01408710/document</span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">, consulté le 05 / 10/ 19).</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Bulot Thierry (2013), Blanchet Philippe, <i>Une introduction à la sociolinguistique</i>, Paris, Editions des archives contemporaines.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Calvet Jean-Louis (2008), </span></span></span><a href="https://www.cairn.info/la-sociolinguistique--9782130621478.htm" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="text-underline:none">La sociolinguistique</span></span></span></span></span></i></a><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">, Paris, PUF.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Cuq Jean-Pierre (dir.) (2003). <em>Dictionnaire de didactique du français langue étrangère et seconde</em>. Paris : ASDIFLE-Clé International. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Gadet Françoise </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">(2007)</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">, <i>La variation sociale en français</i>, Paris, Ophrys.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Jung Edmond </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">(1973)</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">, « Causes des fautes d'orthographe », <i>Langue française</i> n°20, pp 97-110.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Kouadio Jérémi (1999), « Quelques traits morphosyntaxiques du français écrit en Côte d’Ivoire », <i>Langues, </i>vol. 2 n° 4, pp 301-314.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Kouadio Jérémi (2006), « Le nouchi et les rapports dioula-français », Revue du <i>ROFCAN</i>, <i>Le français en Afrique</i>, n° 21, p.177-191.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Kouamé Jean Martial </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">(2013)</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">, « Les classes ivoiriennes entre monolinguisme de principe et plurilinguisme de fait ». In : D. Omer & F. Tupin, Éducations plurilinguismes. L’aire francophone entre héritages et innovations. Rennes, Presse Universitaires de Rennes, pp. 167-179. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Lasagabaster</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> David </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">(2006), « Les attitudes linguistiques : un état des lieux ». <i>Ela. Études de linguistique appliquée</i>, n° 144,(4), pp. 393-406. (En ligne </span></span></span><a href="https://www.cairn.info/revue-ela-2006-4-page-393.htm" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">https://www.cairn.info/revue-ela-2006-4-page-393.htm</span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">., consulté le 05/04/19). </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">(En ligne </span></span></span><a href="http://www.unesco.org/courier/1999_03/fr/dires/txt1.htm" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">http://www.unesco.org/courier/1999_03/fr/dires/txt1.htm</span></span></span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink" style="color:blue"><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">.)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Le Ferrec</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> Laurence (2012), « Le français de scolarisation au carrefour des didactiques du français et des disciplines », <i>Le français aujourd'hui</i>, 176(1), 37-47. doi:10.3917/lfa.176.0037.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Léon Pierre </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">(1976)</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">, « Attitudes et comportements linguistiques : Problèmes d’acculturation et d’identité », <i>Cahier de linguistique</i>, n°6, pp. 199–221. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Moore Danièle et al. (2001), <i>Les représentations des langues et de leur apprentissage : références, modèles, données et méthodes</i>, Paris, Didier.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Morsly Dalila (1990), « Attitudes et représentations linguistiques », <i>La linguistique</i>, <i>26 </i>(Fasc. 2), pp. 77-86.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Ott August (1962), « La notion du « Bon usage » dans les "Remarques" de Vaugelas », <em>Cahiers de l'Association internationale des études françaises</em>, n°14, 1962, pp. 79-94.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Outaleb-Pellé Aldjia (2014), « L’impact des attitudes et représentations des langues sur l’enseignement. Le cas du français en Algérie », In <i>SHS Web of Conferences</i> (Vol. 8, pp. 1719-1729). EDP Sciences.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Pallaud Berthille </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">(2004)</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">, « De la transgression à la variation. Marges Linguistiques », <i>M.L.M.S. Publisher</i>, n° 2, pp.76-87. (En ligne </span></span></span><a href="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00136756/document" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00136756/document</span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">, consulté le 30/03/18).</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Perrenoud</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black"> Philippe (</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">1988), «</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">" Parle comme il faut ! "</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black"> Réflexions sociologiques sur l’ordre linguistique », </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">in Schoeni, G., Bronckart, J.-P. et. Perrenoud, Ph. (dir.) <i>La langue française est-elle gouvernable ? Normes et activités langagières</i>, Neuchâtel et Paris, Delachaux et Niestlé, pp. 79-108.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Py Bernard (2000), « La construction interactive de la norme comme pratique et comme représentation », <em>AILE, 12</em>. Site Internet : http://aile.revues.org/1464 (consulté le 06/10/2019). </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Vahou Kakou Marcel (2016), « L’insécurité linguistique chez des élèves en Côte d’Ivoire. » Thèse de doctorat.. Linguistique. Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, Français. <tel-01626817> (sous la direction de Kouadio Nguessan Jérémi).</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Verdelhan</span></span></span></span><strong> </strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal">Michel</span></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">, </span></span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Maurer</span></span></span></span><strong> </strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal">Bruno et</span></span></span></span></strong><strong> </strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Durand</span></span></span></span><strong> </strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal">Marie-Claire</span></span></span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">, « Le français, langue de scolarisation: vers une didactique spécifique », <em>Tréma</em> [En ligne], 15-16 | 1999, mis en ligne le 01 octobre 1999, consulté le 02 octobre 2019. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/trema/1758 ; DOI : 10.4000/trema.1758</span></span></span></span> </span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Verdelhan-Bourgade Michel (2002), <em>Le français de scolarisation. Pour une didactique réaliste</em>, Paris, Presses universitaires de France. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Véronique Daniel (1990), « À la rencontre de l’autre langue : réflexions sur les représentations dans l’apprentissage d’une langue étrangère ». <i>Le Français dans le Monde, Recherches et Applications.</i> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Wynants Bernadette </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">(1997)</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">, <i>L'orthographe, une norme sociale</i>, Paris, Mardaga.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman", "serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="color:black">Zarate Génévieve (1993), <i>Représentations de l’étranger et didactique des langues</i>, Paris, Didier.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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