<p>Article</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Introduction</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; La pratique du fran&ccedil;ais, aujourd&rsquo;hui, en C&ocirc;te d&rsquo;Ivoire, s&rsquo;&eacute;loigne de plus en plus du respect de la norme grammaticale. Une norme endog&egrave;ne se r&eacute;pand au d&eacute;triment de &laquo; </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">la norme prescriptive exog&egrave;ne &raquo; (Boutin 2003: 1). </span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Le constat est palpable dans toutes les situations de communication (conversations spontan&eacute;es ou institutionnalis&eacute;es) et dans les espaces d&rsquo;expression, comme les m&eacute;dias, les chansons urbaines. L&rsquo;&eacute;cole, espace par excellence de l&rsquo;enseignement/apprentissage de la langue fran&ccedil;aise standard selon les prescriptions normatives n&rsquo;est pas &eacute;pargn&eacute;e. L&rsquo;utilisation du fran&ccedil;ais chez les &eacute;l&egrave;ves et &eacute;tudiants, en effet, est de plus en plus d&eacute;cri&eacute;e, au regard de la tendance aux entorses normatives (Adopo, 2016) et au recours aux vari&eacute;t&eacute;s de fran&ccedil;ais (nouchi, fran&ccedil;ais populaire ivoirien), en porte &agrave; faux avec les normes du fran&ccedil;ais de scolarisation. Le constat de la crise du bon usage du fran&ccedil;ais &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;cole est d&rsquo;autant plus prononc&eacute;e que les &eacute;l&egrave;ves vivent dans une certaine ins&eacute;curit&eacute; linguistique (Vahou, 2016). Les travaux sur la question ont souvent interrog&eacute; les facteurs li&eacute;s au plurilinguisme du pays pour comprendre ce recul du bon usage &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;cole. Mais l&rsquo;approfondissement de la r&eacute;flexion nous conduit &agrave; aller au-del&agrave; du seul facteur plurilingue pour explorer le domaine de l&rsquo;attitude et de la repr&eacute;sentation des apprenants du fran&ccedil;ais. C&rsquo;est donc le lieu de se demander si le rapport des &eacute;l&egrave;ves et &eacute;tudiants au respect de la norme du fran&ccedil;ais standard ne proc&egrave;de pas d&rsquo;une certaine image qu&rsquo;ils ont du fran&ccedil;ais. En d&rsquo;autres termes, l&rsquo;image qu&rsquo;ils ont du fran&ccedil;ais n&rsquo;influence- t-elle pas leur rapport &agrave; celui-ci ? Pour r&eacute;pondre &agrave; ces interrogations, nous avons entrepris de faire une enqu&ecirc;te aupr&egrave;s d&rsquo;un &eacute;chantillon de&nbsp; locuteurs &eacute;tudiants, autour du th&egrave;me des prescriptions normatives dans la pratique du fran&ccedil;ais. La r&eacute;flexion, qui s&rsquo;inscrit dans le champ de la sociolinguistique, explore les th&eacute;ories des attitudes linguistiques et des repr&eacute;sentations (Morsly, 1990), que Calvet (1993) pr&eacute;sente comme&nbsp;&nbsp; les &laquo;&nbsp;sentiments des locuteurs face aux langues, aux vari&eacute;t&eacute;s de langue&nbsp;&raquo; (p. 42). La d&eacute;marche n&rsquo;est pas pour autant purement descriptive. Des &eacute;nonc&eacute;s illustratifs en soutien &agrave; la r&eacute;flexion sont, en effet, l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;analyse au regard de la perception normative de la langue. Cela implique qu&rsquo;ils soient analys&eacute;s selon les prescriptions du bon usage d&eacute;fendues dans les manuels de grammaire normative, dont <i>Le bon usage</i> de Grevisse (1986) est l&rsquo;exemple embl&eacute;matique. C&rsquo;est pourquoi, la r&eacute;flexion s&rsquo;&eacute;vertuera &agrave; pr&eacute;senter la notion de bon usage d&rsquo;abord, ensuite &agrave; voir comment se manifeste la crise du bon usage &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;cole, enfin, &agrave; montrer que le ph&eacute;nom&egrave;ne est sous-tendu par l&rsquo;attitude et la repr&eacute;sentation qu&rsquo;ont les &eacute;l&egrave;ves du fran&ccedil;ais standard. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">1. Le bon usage et ses exigences</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Le bon usage de la langue, ici le fran&ccedil;ais, se comprend comme l&rsquo;usage&nbsp; jug&eacute; convenable et acceptable de cette langue. En clair, c&rsquo;est l&rsquo;usage du fran&ccedil;ais qui respecte une certaine norme imposable en principe &agrave; tous les usagers. Cet usage est dit &laquo;&nbsp;bon&nbsp;&raquo; quand il respecte les r&egrave;gles prescrites. En la mati&egrave;re, les dictionnaires et les manuels de grammaire sont la r&eacute;f&eacute;rence. Depuis les premi&egrave;res esquisses de codification de la langue, le principe d&rsquo;une langue de r&eacute;f&eacute;rence s&rsquo;est toujours impos&eacute;. Les grammairiens de cette &eacute;poque n&rsquo;en ont pas fait myst&egrave;re. Vaugelas (1647) d&eacute;fendait le principe de bien parler et de bien &eacute;crire, tout comme Lhomond (1780), dont le manuel de grammaire fran&ccedil;aise avait pour objectif d&rsquo;&eacute;viter les fautes. La tradition de la belle langue s&rsquo;est perp&eacute;tu&eacute;e &agrave; travers les si&egrave;cles jusqu&rsquo;&agrave; notre &eacute;poque o&ugrave; elle est encore d&rsquo;actualit&eacute;.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; L&rsquo;id&eacute;e de bon usage implique le principe de norme, que </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Gadet (2007) d&eacute;finit comme </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&laquo; </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">un mod&egrave;le unique de r&eacute;f&eacute;rence prescrivant un ensemble de r&egrave;gles de fonctionnement d&rsquo;une vari&eacute;t&eacute; de la langue. &raquo;&nbsp; </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cette norme du fran&ccedil;ais est d&eacute;crite dans les manuels de grammaire scolaire, dans ses aspects syntaxiques et morphologiques, et dans les dictionnaires, pour la dimension lexicale et s&eacute;mantique. Mais la question de la norme est loin de faire l&rsquo;unanimit&eacute; chez les analystes de la langue. C&rsquo;est l&rsquo;&eacute;ternel d&eacute;bat entre les chercheurs linguistes et grammairiens&nbsp;: les linguistes ayant une approche radicalement descriptive de la langue et les grammairiens, une approche prescriptive. Ces deux approches sur la question de norme continuent de se nourrir d&rsquo;arguments solides. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Les non-partisans de la norme dans l&rsquo;usage de la langue reprochent &agrave; ce principe l&rsquo;id&eacute;e de l&rsquo;imposition d&rsquo;une norme aux autres, laquelle n&rsquo;est autre que la pr&eacute;dominance de la langue d&rsquo;une certaine &eacute;lite. L&rsquo;usage de la langue devrait donc &ecirc;tre d&eacute;mocratis&eacute;. L&rsquo;on redoute que l&rsquo;enfermement, du fait de la protection d&rsquo;un certain usage ne prive &agrave; la langue son &eacute;volution ou son enrichissement. In fine, ce serait contre les libert&eacute;s.&nbsp; Beaudoin-B&eacute;gin (2011) estime que le principe de la norme dans la pratique de la langue n&rsquo;est rien d&rsquo;autre que&nbsp; &laquo;&nbsp;</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">de condamner une forme ou d&rsquo;en promouvoir une autre. &raquo;</span></span></span>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Le principe de la norme linguistique est pourtant n&eacute;cessaire, car imaginons nous une langue qui aurait une syntaxe, un lexique, une morphologie mouvants. On se comprendrait difficilement et l&rsquo;on n&rsquo;aurait plus une langue, mais des langues ou des vari&eacute;t&eacute;s de la m&ecirc;me langue. L&rsquo;imposition d&rsquo;une langue de r&eacute;f&eacute;rence est salutaire pour la langue car il faut une base linguistique stable sur laquelle tous s&rsquo;accordent pour une intercompr&eacute;hension efficace. Elle est d&rsquo;autant plus salutaire qu&rsquo;elle sert de r&eacute;f&eacute;rence pour les nouveaux apprenants. Et c&rsquo;est le r&ocirc;le des grammaires dites scolaires. En fixant les r&egrave;gles, l&rsquo;on sait sur quelle base il faut apprendre la langue. Une situation de communication o&ugrave; chaque locuteur aurait son code linguistique est peu op&eacute;rationnelle. L&rsquo;enqu&ecirc;te r&eacute;alis&eacute;e aupr&egrave;s des &eacute;tudiants, qui ne font pas myst&egrave;re de leurs difficult&eacute;s dans la ma&icirc;trise de cette langue, a montr&eacute; cependant que 78% d&rsquo;entre eux rejettent l&rsquo;id&eacute;e que l&rsquo;on puisse s&rsquo;exprimer en fran&ccedil;ais sans pr&eacute;cautions normatives. Ainsi, les locuteurs qui ont du mal &agrave; respecter la norme n&rsquo;en rejettent pas le principe dans les pratiques linguistiques.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Le bon usage a des exigences d&rsquo;ordre syntaxique, lexical, morphologique et s&eacute;mantique. Du point de vue syntaxique, la phrase fran&ccedil;aise a une structure de base, ainsi formalis&eacute;e&nbsp;: P </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&rarr; </span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">SN- SV- (SP). Cette phrase verbale est constitu&eacute;e de deux groupes obligatoires, le syntagme nominal (SN) et le syntagme verbal (SV). Le syntagme pr&eacute;positionnel (SP) en est le constituant facultatif. Le SN, lui, a la structure suivante&nbsp;: </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">SN </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&rarr; </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">det-N-(Adj)-(SNP)-(Prop). </span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Dans le syntagme nominal, le d&eacute;terminant et le nom sont les constituants obligatoires&nbsp;; les autres, adjectif qualificatif, syntagme nominal ou proposition subordonn&eacute;e, sont facultatifs. L&rsquo;autre constituant obligatoire, le SV, se d&eacute;veloppe ainsi&nbsp;: </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">SV </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&rarr; </span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">V-(compl). Le verbe est le noyau de ce syntagme, qui peut admettre ou pas un compl&eacute;ment. Toute phrase devrait s&rsquo;appuyer sur cette structure pour entrer dans le moule du bon usage. Quant aux mots employ&eacute;s, ils doivent figurer dans les dictionnaires, qui attestent de leur morphologie et de leurs sens. De cette fa&ccedil;on, tout mot &eacute;tranger au lexique du fran&ccedil;ais, ou qui ne serait pas &eacute;crit selon l&rsquo;orthographe attest&eacute;e, ou encore qui serait employ&eacute; dans un sens autre que celui qui lui est reconnu, serait une entorse au bon usage. En g&eacute;n&eacute;ral, les locuteurs s&rsquo;efforcent d&rsquo;utiliser la langue dans le respect de ces prescriptions pour des imp&eacute;ratifs d&rsquo;&eacute;l&eacute;gance et de valorisation de soi. Et l&rsquo;&eacute;cole est l&rsquo;institution qui consacre ce bon usage. &nbsp;Cependant c&rsquo;est dans cette institution m&ecirc;me en C&ocirc;te d&rsquo;ivoire o&ugrave; le bon usage est sens&eacute; se perp&eacute;tuer qu&rsquo;il est mis &agrave; mal.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">2. La crise du bon usage du fran&ccedil;ais standard chez les &eacute;l&egrave;ves et &eacute;tudiants</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Le fran&ccedil;ais en C&ocirc;te d&rsquo;Ivoire a le statut privil&eacute;gi&eacute; de langue officielle. &Agrave; c&ocirc;t&eacute; des autres langues locales concurrentes, il est la plus parl&eacute;e. L&rsquo;&eacute;cole en assure la diffusion et la p&eacute;rennit&eacute;. Elle enseigne les r&egrave;gles de base et veille &agrave; son emploi rigoureux. Toutes les d&eacute;viations sont sanctionn&eacute;es. En principe, les productions des apprenants ne devraient pas s&rsquo;&eacute;loigner de l&rsquo;usage exig&eacute;, &eacute;tant entendu que les performances scolaires en sont tributaires. La r&eacute;alit&eacute; est tout le contraire, au point o&ugrave; l&rsquo;on est en droit de parler de crise du bon usage. Ici, il est surtout question d&rsquo;entorses &agrave; l&rsquo;orthographe et &agrave; la syntaxe des phrases. A tous les niveaux d&rsquo;enseignement (de l&rsquo;&eacute;cole primaire &agrave; l&rsquo;universit&eacute;), les productions &eacute;crites ou orales des &eacute;l&egrave;ves offrent des cas surprenants de non-respect de la norme du fran&ccedil;ais standard.&nbsp; De l&rsquo;avis de tous, le niveau baisse. A titre d&rsquo;exemple, cette conclusion d&rsquo;un devoir d&rsquo;&eacute;l&egrave;ve de 1<sup>ere</sup> A (classe de litt&eacute;rature)&nbsp;:</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </i><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">En definitive la literature qui est utilis&eacute; pour donn&eacute; du plaisir et qui permet de fait &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; r&ecirc;v&eacute; le lecteur de plusieur mani&egrave;re comme par la detente et l&rsquo;evation. A mon avis elle &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; aperse les meurse, parce que en lisent ou en regardent le th&eacute;&acirc;tre sa tranquilise<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">[1]</span></span></span></b></span></span></a>.</span></span></span></i></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Une telle production, oeuvre d&#39;&eacute;l&egrave;ve de niveau premi&egrave;re, est surprenante en consid&eacute;rant qu&#39;&agrave; ce niveau du parcours scolaire, &agrave; la porte du baccalaur&eacute;at, des fautes d&#39;une certaine cat&eacute;gorie sont incompr&eacute;hensibles. La production n&#39;est certes pas le reflet de celle d&#39;un &eacute;l&egrave;ve moyen, mais la r&eacute;alit&eacute; est que les apprenants du profil de l&#39;auteur de cette production se comptent en grand nombre dans les classes en C&ocirc;te d&#39;Ivoire. Des m&eacute;moires sur les &eacute;crits des &eacute;l&egrave;ves du secondaire ont fait ce constat (Coulibaly, 2018; Ouattara, 2018).</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; L&#39;int&eacute;r&ecirc;t de cet &eacute;nonc&eacute; r&eacute;side toutefois dans la libert&eacute; du locuteur vis &agrave; vis de la norme standard. Aujourd&#39;hui, &agrave; l&#39;image de cet &eacute;nonc&eacute;, le caract&egrave;re sacr&eacute; de l&#39;orthographe est bafou&eacute;. A l&#39;&eacute;cole, le respect scrupuleux des morphologies lexicales n&#39;est plus un imp&eacute;ratif chez les apprenants. Les accents sont ignor&eacute;s comme ici&nbsp; dans les mots <i>definitive </i>(d&eacute;finitive),<i> literature</i> (litt&eacute;rature),<i> detente</i> (d&eacute;tente). Les morphologies d&#39;usage des mots sont viol&eacute;es : <i>litt&eacute;rature</i> est &eacute;crit avec un <i>t</i> (<i>literature</i>) et le mot <i>plusieurs</i> &eacute;crit sans le <i>s </i>final. M&ecirc;me si l&#39;absence de ces lettres n&#39;alt&egrave;re pas le sens des mots, elle en alt&egrave;re en revanche l&#39;esth&eacute;tique formelle. Et l&#39;exemple illustratif est la morphologie <i>meurse</i> en lieu et place de <i>moeurs</i>. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; L&#39;orthographe grammaticale est aussi mise &agrave; mal. La morphologie sp&eacute;cifique du verbe construit avec un verbe semi auxiliaire est ignor&eacute;e. Cette position du verbe impose une forme infinitive. De fa&ccedil;on prosa&iuml;que, il est dit que lorque deux verbes se suivent, le second se met &agrave; l&#39;infinitif : l&#39;&eacute;l&egrave;ve a &eacute;crit <i>qui permet de<b> fait r&ecirc;v&eacute;</b> le lecteur </i>au lieu de <i>qui permet de <b>faire r&ecirc;ve</b>r le lecteur.</i> La m&ecirc;me morphologie infinitive est impos&eacute;e, par ailleurs, au verbe pr&eacute;c&eacute;d&eacute; d&#39;une pr&eacute;position; ce qui n&#39;a pas &eacute;t&eacute; non plus respect&eacute; : <i>la literature qui est utilis&eacute; <b>pour donn&eacute;</b> du plaisir</i> (au lieu de <b><i>pour donner</i></b>). </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Le bon accord du participe pass&eacute; employ&eacute; avec l&#39;auxiliaire &laquo; &ecirc;tre &raquo; est aussi index&eacute; :<i> </i>l&#39;apprenant a &eacute;crit <i>la literature qui est <b>utilis&eacute;</b></i><b>.</b> La r&egrave;gle d&#39;accord du participe pass&eacute; exige que celui-ci s&#39;accorde avec le sujet lorqu&#39;il est employ&eacute; avec l&#39;auxiliaire &laquo; &ecirc;tre &raquo; : <i>la litt&eacute;rature qui est <b>utilis&eacute;e</b></i>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Des &eacute;tudes ant&eacute;rieures ont donn&eacute; lieu aux m&ecirc;mes observations des antorses morphologiques des mots (Adopo, 2012; 2016).</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Enfin, au plan syntaxique, la premi&egrave;re phrase n&#39;est pas conforme au sch&eacute;ma de construction de la phrase en fran&ccedil;ais standard, P &rarr; SN Sujet + SV + (SP). </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Dans cette &lsquo;&lsquo;phrase&rsquo;&rsquo;,</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">En definitive la literature qui est utilis&eacute; pour donn&eacute; du plaisir et qui permet de fait r&ecirc;v&eacute; le lecteur de plusieur mani&egrave;re comme par la detente et l&rsquo;evation.,</span></span></span></i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">l</span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">e caract&egrave;re de phrase n&rsquo;est que formel&nbsp;: l&rsquo;&eacute;nonc&eacute; commence par une lettre majuscule et se termine par un point. Mais, du point de vue des constituants, il n&rsquo;y a qu&rsquo;un seul groupe syntaxique, c&rsquo;est-&agrave;-dire le syntagme nominal sujet, qui est constitu&eacute; d&rsquo;un nom noyau <i>litt&eacute;rature</i> auquel s&rsquo;adjoignent deux propositions subordonn&eacute;es relatives coordonn&eacute;es, qui ne sont que des expansions du nom-noyau. Cette &lsquo;&lsquo;phrase&rsquo;&rsquo; n&rsquo;est donc qu&rsquo;un groupe nominal sujet, qui n&rsquo;a ni verbe ni compl&eacute;ment de verbe.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ces entorses &agrave; la norme standard ne rel&egrave;vent pas de cas isol&eacute;s. Vahou (2016), dans une &eacute;tude portant sur 400 productions d&rsquo;&eacute;l&egrave;ves arrive aussi &agrave; cette conclusion&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">La grammaire et le lexique du fran&ccedil;ais des &eacute;l&egrave;ves enqu&ecirc;t&eacute;s pr&eacute;sentent des caract&eacute;ristiques tr&egrave;s &eacute;loign&eacute;es de ce qui peut &ecirc;tre consid&eacute;r&eacute; comme &laquo; fran&ccedil;ais central et normatif&raquo;.</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Cette </span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">situation est symbolique de l&rsquo;attitude des apprenants vis &agrave; vis de la langue fran&ccedil;aise, la langue de scolarisation, m&eacute;diatrice des autres savoirs. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; L&rsquo;explication de cette crise du bon usage pourrait venir du regard qu&rsquo;ils ont du fran&ccedil;ais qui leur est impos&eacute;.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">3. De l&rsquo;attitude et de la repr&eacute;sentation des apprenants du fran&ccedil;ais</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Le non-respect des prescriptions grammaticales dans la pratique du fran&ccedil;ais chez les apprenants, &eacute;l&egrave;ves et &eacute;tudiants, a amen&eacute; &agrave; des propositions de rem&eacute;diation qui ne semblent pas heureuses. Sans doute que le diagnostic n&rsquo;&eacute;tait pas ad&eacute;quat. C&rsquo;est pourquoi, interroger les concern&eacute;s-m&ecirc;mes devrait offrir des pistes d&rsquo;analyse en vue de solutions r&eacute;alistes. L&rsquo;angle d&rsquo;orientation est celui du regard qu&rsquo;ont les locuteurs apprenants de la langue fran&ccedil;aise&nbsp;; ce qui nous conduit &agrave; la th&eacute;orie linguistique des attitudes et des repr&eacute;sentations. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <b>3. 1.</b> <b>La notion d&#39;attitude et de repr&eacute;sentation</b></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Le regard que tout locuteur a de la langue peut induire des attitudes et des comportements vis &agrave; vis de celle-ci. Le rapport sentimental du locuteur vis &agrave; vis de la langue n&#39;est point &agrave; n&eacute;gliger quand se pose la probl&eacute;matique de sa ma&icirc;trise. Il va de soi que, si un locuteur aime passionnement une langue, il sera enclin &agrave; aimer l&#39;utiliser en respectant les prescriptions de son fonctionnement avec plaisir. C&#39;est en cela que Calvet (2005: 463) affirme que &laquo; les attitudes linguistiques ont des retomb&eacute;es sur les comportements linguistiques. &raquo; Analyser donc le regard des apprenants de la langue fran&ccedil;aise en C&ocirc;te d&#39;Ivoire dans le contexte de plurilinguisme n&#39;est pas d&eacute;nu&eacute; d&#39;int&eacute;r&ecirc;t. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Si, depuis longtemps, les notions d&#39;attitude et de repr&eacute;sentation ont &eacute;t&eacute; confondues pour d&eacute;crire le rapport que le locuteur entretient avec la langue, les rechercehes r&eacute;centes &eacute;tablissent nettement la nuance entre elles. Celle-ci est bien rendue par Bulot et Blanchet (2013 : 37) de fa&ccedil;on illustrative : &laquo; Rel&egrave;ve des attitudes le fait d&#39;&ecirc;tre r&eacute;calcitrant devant toute forme d&#39;anglicisme (...) et que rel&egrave;vent des repr&eacute;sentations les discours disant que le fran&ccedil;ais est une langue harmonieuse, riche...tandis que l&#39;allemand est une langue rude, l&#39;anglais une langue utile... &raquo; En un mot, l&#39;attitude d&eacute;crit le comportement du locuteur dans la pratique de la langue ; laquelle d&eacute;termine le respect des usages recommand&eacute;es ou pas, et les repr&eacute;sentations, l&#39;image subjective que l&#39;on a de la langue (positive ou n&eacute;gative).</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Pour avoir une id&eacute;e du rapport que les apprenants en C&ocirc;te d&#39;Ivoire entretiennent avec la langue de scolarisation, le fran&ccedil;ais, la n&eacute;cessit&eacute; d&#39;une enqu&ecirc;te aupr&egrave;s d&#39;eux s&#39;est impos&eacute;e.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3. 2. L&#39;enqu&ecirc;te d&#39;opinion</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">R&eacute;alis&eacute;e en janvier 2019, l&#39;enqu&ecirc;te d&#39;opinion s&#39;est faite sur un &eacute;chantillon d&#39;&eacute;tudiants de l&#39;Institut des Sciences et Techniques de la Communication (ISTC) polytechnique d&#39;Abidjan. Cet institut compte en son sein quatre &eacute;coles, qui forment dans divers secteurs des m&eacute;tiers de la communication : le journalisme, la production audiovisuelle, l&#39;art et image num&eacute;rique et les t&eacute;l&eacute;communications. Le choix de cet &eacute;tablissement, purement al&eacute;atoire, rev&ecirc;tait cependant un int&eacute;r&ecirc;t, celui de regrouper des locuteurs apprenants du fran&ccedil;ais de profil divers. En effet, les quatre parcours de formation sont compl&eacute;mentaires dans le sens du profil litt&eacute;raire et scientifique. Les parcours journalisme et production recueillent prioritairement des &eacute;l&egrave;ves de profil litt&eacute;raire et les deux autres parcours, des profils scientifiques. L&#39;appartenance des locuteurs int&eacute;rog&eacute;s &agrave; au moins chacune des &eacute;coles offre l&#39;assurance de la prise en compte de tous les profils de formation.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; L&#39;enqu&ecirc;te a cibl&eacute; essentiellement les &eacute;tudiants de Licence 1 et de Licence 2. Ceux de Licence 1, qui viennent imm&eacute;diatement du lyc&eacute;e, devraient porter le regard du lyc&eacute;en qui aborde un autre cycle de formation. Ceux de licence 2 peuvent &ecirc;tre consid&eacute;r&eacute;s comme &eacute;tant de plein pied dans le cycle sup&eacute;rieur avec le regard de l&#39;&eacute;tudiant &agrave; mi-parcours de sa formation.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Par ailleurs, la question de la repr&eacute;sentativit&eacute; g&eacute;ographique est r&eacute;solu par le fait que ces locuteurs &eacute;tudiants ont &eacute;t&eacute; s&eacute;lectionn&eacute;s &agrave; l&#39;issu d&#39;un concours d&#39;entr&eacute;e qui a vu la participation de tous les &eacute;l&egrave;ves issus de toutes les zones g&eacute;ographiques du pays. Ainsi, les &eacute;tudiants qui se retrouvent dans cet institut provienennet de toutes les r&eacute;gions de C&ocirc;te d&#39;Ivoire. De la sorte, les opinions devraient &ecirc;tre n&eacute;cessairement crois&eacute;es pour offrir des r&eacute;sultats valides.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; L&#39;enqu&ecirc;te s&#39;est faite par questionnaire avec des choix multiples pour lequels le concern&eacute; devait simplement cocher la r&eacute;ponse qui lui convenait. Sur deux cent (200) fiches &agrave; renseigner, cent quatre vingt quinze (195) ont &eacute;t&eacute; recueillies pour &ecirc;tre d&eacute;pouill&eacute;es et analys&eacute;es. En clair, notre enqu&ecirc;te a port&eacute; sur 195 &eacute;tudiants, avec 118 filles et 77 hommes. L&#39;enqu&ecirc;te dont les r&eacute;sultats sont en annexe (page 10), a r&eacute;v&eacute;l&eacute; le regard des apprenants du fran&ccedil;ais qui leur est impos&eacute; &agrave; l&#39;&eacute;cole.&nbsp; <b>&nbsp; </b></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3.3. Interpr&eacute;tation des r&eacute;sultats</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">A l&#39;analyse des r&eacute;ponses des &eacute;tudiants, il ressort chez ces derniers un sentiment g&eacute;n&eacute;ral de rejet de la langue de scolarisation, laquelle est sous-tendue par un complexe d&#39;ind&eacute;pendance linguistique et de l&#39;image n&eacute;gative d&#39;un fran&ccedil;ais qui serait trop complexe.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3. 3.1. Le complexe de l&#39;ind&eacute;pendance linguistique</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">La tendance &agrave; la libert&eacute; observ&eacute;e vis a vis de la norme standard du fran&ccedil;ais en C&ocirc;te d&#39;Ivoire &agrave; l&#39;&eacute;cole prend source dans leur rapport &agrave; cette langue, qui a le statut de langue seconde (L2) pour plusieurs. M&ecirc;me si certains ont le fran&ccedil;ais comme langue premi&egrave;re, ce fran&ccedil;ais n&#39;est pas toujours celui <i>de scolarisation</i> qui est plus contraignant, si bien que l&#39;apprentissage de ce fran&ccedil;ais standard devient une n&eacute;cessit&eacute;. Le fran&ccedil;ais standard utilis&eacute; &agrave; l&#39;&eacute;cole demeure donc une langue &#39;&#39;&eacute;trang&egrave;re&#39;&#39; (dans le sens d&#39;une langue qui n&#39;est pas d&#39;origine locale). Ils sont en effet 83% &agrave; estimer que ce fran&ccedil;ais n&#39;est rien d&#39;autre qu&#39;une langue venu d&#39;ailleurs, pour certains, une langue de la colonisation (77%). </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cette image du fran&ccedil;ais peut expliquer l&#39;attitude de rejet exprim&eacute;e, notamment dans la r&eacute;ponse &agrave; la question d&#39;exprimer le sentiment &eacute;prouv&eacute; quand il leur est reproch&eacute; de ne pas bien s&#39;exprimer en fran&ccedil;ais. Si la majorit&eacute; &eacute;prouve de la tristesse (53%), sans doute &agrave; cause du poids de la discipline dans leur r&eacute;ussite scolaire ou universitaire, il est &agrave; souligner que 47% des &eacute;tudiants manifestent un sentiment de col&egrave;re et d&#39;indiff&eacute;rence, ce qui est symptomatique de cette attitude de rejet. C&#39;est pourquoi, la majorit&eacute; des &eacute;tudiants (57%) est favorable &agrave; la substitution du fran&ccedil;ais de l&#39;&eacute;cole par l&#39;argot nouchi (13% ) ou par une langue locale ivoirienne (44%). Toutefois, &agrave; d&eacute;faut d&#39;une langue ivoirienne f&eacute;d&eacute;ratrice, ils jettent leur d&eacute;volu sur le nouchi que 67% per&ccedil;oivent comme le fran&ccedil;ais des Ivoiriens (44%) ou la langue des Ivoiriens (23%). Cela est d&#39;autant plus vrai que 14% des enqu&ecirc;t&eacute;s affirment &ecirc;tre plus &agrave; l&#39;aise dans cet argot que dans le fran&ccedil;ais de l&#39;&eacute;cole. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cette attitude de complexe de l&#39;ind&eacute;pendance linguistique s&#39;inscrit dans l&#39;environnement linguistique g&eacute;n&eacute;ral o&ugrave; les locuteurs ivoiriens se taillent &agrave; leur mesure, &agrave; partir du fran&ccedil;ais, une langue dans laquelle ils se retrouvent. Cela donne lieu &agrave;&nbsp; l&#39;&eacute;mergence de vari&eacute;t&eacute;s de fran&ccedil;ais &agrave; c&ocirc;t&eacute; du fran&ccedil;ais standard (le fran&ccedil;ais de C&ocirc;te d&#39;Ivoire, le fran&ccedil;ais populaire ivoirien, le nouchi). Toutes ces vari&eacute;t&eacute;s, par le lexique et la syntaxe, font entorse au fran&ccedil;ais originel. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <b>3.3.2. Le fran&ccedil;ais, &#39;&#39;trop complexe&#39;&#39;</b></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &laquo; </span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Le fran&ccedil;ais est une langue trop complexe &raquo;, affirment la majorit&eacute; des &eacute;tudiants interrog&eacute;s. La question qui leur a &eacute;t&eacute; pos&eacute; portait sur le caract&egrave;re complexe ou facile du fran&ccedil;ais. Sans h&eacute;siter, 165 des 195 &eacute;tudiants interrog&eacute;s (85%) disent que la langue qui leur est impos&eacute; &agrave; l&#39;&eacute;cole est une langue complexe dans ses aspects morphosyntaxiques et lexicaux. Cela est confirm&eacute; par les donn&eacute;es statistiques sur la nature des difficult&eacute;s rencontr&eacute;es dans le maniement de la langue : en t&ecirc;te des difficult&eacute;s, les accords grammaticaux (48%), ensuite les sens des mots (32%), l&#39;orthographe lexical (11%) et la syntaxe (09%). </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Les apprenants, avec cette image n&eacute;gative du fran&ccedil;ais (langue indomptable) se murent dans une sorte de r&eacute;signation dans l&#39;usage de la langue et ne s&#39;embarassent plus d&#39;&eacute;crire et de parler le fran&ccedil;ais, qu&#39;il soit conforme ou non &agrave; la norme standard. Ainsi 24% des &eacute;tudiants interrog&eacute;s disent &ecirc;tre indiff&eacute;rents au jugement de ne pas se conformer au fran&ccedil;ais standard et presque la m&ecirc;me proportion (23%) se disent favorables au principe d&#39;&eacute;crire et de parler sans tenir compte d&#39;une quelconque norme. Et en la mati&egrave;re, le nouchi dont la spontan&eacute;it&eacute; des strucures et des mots est le trait caract&eacute;ristique devient le v&eacute;hiculaire le plus pris&eacute;. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cette sorte de r&eacute;approprition du fran&ccedil;ais est le r&eacute;sultat du &laquo; </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">sentiment de fiert&eacute; de l&rsquo;Ivoirien &raquo; (Aboa, 2008). </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Une telle repr&eacute;sentation du fran&ccedil;ais, largement partag&eacute;e dans le milieu des jeunes en g&eacute;n&eacute;ral, se manifeste davantage dans les communications num&eacute;riques o&ugrave; la censure n&#39;existe pas. Dans une &eacute;tude sur le langage de ces derniers (Adopo, 2016), il nous a &eacute;t&eacute; donn&eacute; de constater que les &eacute;carts constat&eacute;s au regard du fran&ccedil;ais norm&eacute; sont d&eacute;lib&eacute;r&eacute;ment faites pour se donner un langage qu&#39;ils ma&icirc;trisent.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Le mauvais usage du fran&ccedil;ais chez les apprenants est donc tributaire du regard de langue complexe qu&#39;ils ont de lui. Une telle attitude est un obstacle &agrave; la ma&icirc;trise de celui-ci, car &laquo;</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">les attitudes positives facilitent en g&eacute;n&eacute;ral le processus d&rsquo;apprentissage &raquo; (Lasagabaster, 2006: 27) des langues secondes; ce qui n&#39;est pas le cas chez de nombreux apprenants du fran&ccedil;ais en C&ocirc;te d&#39;Ivoire.</span></span></span> </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Conclusion</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">La pratique du fran&ccedil;ais chez les apprenants en C&ocirc;te d&#39;Ivoire est faite d&#39;entorses grammaticales et lexicales au regard de la norme standard. Cette situation est d&#39;autant plus surprenante que l&#39;&eacute;cole est l&#39;espace par excellence de l&#39;apprentissage et de la pratique &#39;&#39;saine&#39;&#39; du fran&ccedil;ais, au surplus, langue officielle. Hormis le facteur de l&#39;environnement plurilingue du pays, c&#39;est surtout l&#39;attitude et la repr&eacute;sentation des apprenants du fran&ccedil;ais qui est en cause. Le caract&egrave;re jug&eacute;e complexe du fran&ccedil;ais et la volont&eacute; d&#39;affranchissement d&#39;une langue de l&#39;&eacute;tranger est le moteur de cette rebellion contre la norme rigide du fran&ccedil;ais standard. Il s&#39;ouvre alors le d&eacute;bat sur la norme &agrave; oberver &agrave; l&#39;&eacute;cole en C&ocirc;te d&#39;Ivoire : la norme standard (le fran&ccedil;ais de France) ou une norme endog&egrave;ne, qui s&#39;appuierait sur la r&eacute;alit&eacute; linguistique de la C&ocirc;te d&#39;Ivoire? Une interrogation qui m&eacute;rite d&#39;&ecirc;tre profond&eacute;ment analys&eacute;e.<span style="color:red">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Annexes 1&nbsp;: Le questionnaire de l&rsquo;enqu&ecirc;te r&eacute;alis&eacute;e aupr&egrave;s des &eacute;tudiants</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Sexe</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Homme</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Femme</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Dans quelle langue vous sentez-vous &agrave; l&rsquo;aise&nbsp;?</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Nouchi</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Fran&ccedil;ais de l&rsquo;&eacute;cole&nbsp;?</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Autre&nbsp;?</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Qu&rsquo;est-ce qui est difficile pour vous dans le maniement de la langue fran&ccedil;aise&nbsp;?</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Ecrire correctement les mots</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Trouver les sens des mots</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Accorder correctement les mots</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Construire correctement les phrases</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Pourquoi faites-vous des fautes en &eacute;crivant&nbsp;?</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Par inattention</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Par m&eacute;connaissance des r&egrave;gles</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">A cause de l&rsquo;oubli des r&egrave;gles</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Parce que le fran&ccedil;ais est trop compliqu&eacute;</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Quel est votre avis si l&rsquo;on disait que, d&eacute;sormais, on pouvait &eacute;crire et de parler le fran&ccedil;ais comme on veut&nbsp;?</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">D&rsquo;accord</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Pas d&rsquo;accord&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Quel est votre souhait&nbsp;?</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Remplacer le Fran&ccedil;ais de l&rsquo;&eacute;cole par le nouchi</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Remplacer le Fran&ccedil;ais de l&rsquo;&eacute;cole par une langue ivoirienne</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Que ressentez-vous quand on vous dit que vous ne parlez pas bien fran&ccedil;ais&nbsp;?</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">De la tristesse</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">De la col&egrave;re</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">De l&rsquo;indiff&eacute;rence (je m&rsquo;en fous)</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Pour vous, le fran&ccedil;ais est&nbsp;:</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Une langue complexe</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Une langue facile</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Comment consid&eacute;rez-vous le fran&ccedil;ais en C&ocirc;te d&rsquo;Ivoire&nbsp;?</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Une langue &eacute;trang&egrave;re</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Une langue de la colonisation</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Une langue &agrave; adapter aux r&eacute;alit&eacute;s des Ivoiriens</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Comment consid&eacute;rez-vous le nouchi&nbsp;?</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">C&rsquo;est le fran&ccedil;ais des Ivoiriens</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">C&rsquo;est la langue des Ivoiriens</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">C&rsquo;est le fran&ccedil;ais de ceux qui ne comprennent pas bien le fran&ccedil;ais</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Annexe 2: R&eacute;sultats de l&#39;enqu&ecirc;te aupr&egrave;s des &eacute;tudiants</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:461px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Dans quelle langue vous sentez-vous &agrave; l&rsquo;aise&nbsp;?</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Nouchi</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Fran&ccedil;ais de l&rsquo;&eacute;cole&nbsp;?</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Autre&nbsp;?</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Femmes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">11</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">99</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">08</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Hommes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">17</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">57</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">03</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Total</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">28</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">156</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">11</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">%</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">14,35</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">80</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:154px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">05,6</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td colspan="4" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:491px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Qu&rsquo;est-ce qui est difficile pour vous dans le maniement de la langue fran&ccedil;aise&nbsp;?</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Ecrire correctement les mots</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Trouver les sens des mots</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Accorder correctement les mots</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Construire correctement les phrases</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Femmes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">09</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">41</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">58</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">10</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Hommes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">12</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">22</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">36</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">07</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Total</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">21</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">63</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">94</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">17</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">%</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">10,76</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">32,30</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">48,20</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">08,71</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p style="margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td colspan="4" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:491px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Pourquoi faites-vous des fautes en &eacute;crivant&nbsp;?</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p style="margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Par inattention</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Par m&eacute;connaissance des r&egrave;gles</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">A cause de l&rsquo;oubli des r&egrave;gles</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Parce que le fran&ccedil;ais est trop compliqu&eacute;</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Femmes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">44</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">10</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">55</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">09</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Hommes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">35</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">14</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">25</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">03</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Total</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">79</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">24</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">80</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">12</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">%</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">40,51</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">12,30</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">41,02</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:123px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">06,15</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p style="margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:177px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:437px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Quel est votre avis si l&rsquo;on disait que, d&eacute;sormais, on pouvait &eacute;crire et parler le fran&ccedil;ais comme on veut&nbsp;?</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:177px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:232px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">D&rsquo;accord</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Pas d&rsquo;accord</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:177px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Femmes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:232px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">25</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">93</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:177px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Hommes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:232px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">17</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">60</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:177px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Total</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:232px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">42</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">153</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:177px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">%</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:232px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">21,53</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">78,46</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:480px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Quel est votre souhait&nbsp;?</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Remplacer le Fran&ccedil;ais de l&rsquo;&eacute;cole par le nouchi</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:162px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Remplacer le Fran&ccedil;ais de l&rsquo;&eacute;cole par une langue ivoirienne</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:138px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Laisser les choses en l&rsquo;&eacute;tat</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Femmes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">11</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:162px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">58</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:138px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">49</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Hommes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">14</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:162px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">29</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:138px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">34</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Total</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">25</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:162px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">87</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:138px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">83</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">%</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">12,82</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:162px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">44,61</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:138px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">42,56</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p style="margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:480px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Que ressentez-vous quand on vous dit que vous ne parlez pas bien fran&ccedil;ais&nbsp;?</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">De la tristesse</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">De la col&egrave;re</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:158px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">De l&rsquo;indiff&eacute;rence (je m&rsquo;en fous)</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Femmes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">71</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">32</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:158px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">15</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Hommes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">33</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">12</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:158px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">32</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Total</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">104</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">44</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:158px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">47</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">%</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">53,33</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">22,56</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:158px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">24,10</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:409px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Pour vous, le fran&ccedil;ais est&nbsp;:</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Une langue complexe</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Une langue facile</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Femmes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">97</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">21</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Hommes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">68</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">09</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Total</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">165</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">30</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">%</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">84,61</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:205px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">15,38</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p style="margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:480px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Comment consid&eacute;rez-vous le fran&ccedil;ais en C&ocirc;te d&rsquo;Ivoire&nbsp;?</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:99px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:99px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Une langue &eacute;trang&egrave;re</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:162px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:99px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Une langue de la colonisation</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:138px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:99px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Une langue &agrave; adapter aux r&eacute;alit&eacute;s des Ivoirien</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Femmes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">03</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:162px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">91</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:138px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">24</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Hommes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">08</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:162px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">59</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:138px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">10</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Total</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">11</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:162px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">150</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:138px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">34</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">%</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">05,6</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:162px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">76,92</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:138px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">17,43</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:480px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Comment consid&eacute;rez-vous le nouchi&nbsp;?</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">C&rsquo;est le fran&ccedil;ais des Ivoiriens</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">C&rsquo;est la langue des Ivoiriens</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:158px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">C&rsquo;est le fran&ccedil;ais de ceux qui ne comprennent pas bien le fran&ccedil;ais</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Femmes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">56</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">20</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:158px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">42</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Hommes</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">29</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">26</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:158px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">22</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Total</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">85</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">46</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:158px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">64</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:139px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">%</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:180px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">43,58</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:142px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">23,58</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black; width:158px; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; border-top:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-left:none" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">32,82</span></span></b></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">R&eacute;f&eacute;rences bibliographiques&nbsp; </span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Aboa Alain (2008), &laquo; La C&ocirc;te d&rsquo;Ivoire et la langue fran&ccedil;aise: les facteurs d&rsquo;une appropriation&raquo;, <i>Revue des Th&eacute;ories et Mod&egrave;les linguistiques</i>, n&deg; 08, Universit&eacute; F. Houphou&euml;t-Boigny de Cocody-Abidjan, pp. 1-13.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Aboa Alain (2013), &laquo; Les repr&eacute;sentations de la langue fran&ccedil;aise chez les Ivoiriens &raquo;, <i>Revue des Th&eacute;ories et Mod&egrave;les linguistiques</i>, n&deg; 09, Universit&eacute; F. Houphou&euml;t-Boigny de Cocody Abidjan. (En ligne http://www.ltml.ci/files/articles9/ABOA_Abia_Alain.pdf).</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Adopo Aim&eacute; (2015), &laquo; Le fran&ccedil;ais, langue seconde en C&ocirc;te d&#39;Ivoire, &agrave; l&#39;&eacute;preuve de sa cohabitation avec les langues premi&egrave;res &raquo;, <i>Le plurilinguisme en Afrique</i> (Ouvrage collectif dir. Augustin Ebongue), Kansas City, MAP, pp. 405-426.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Adopo Aim&eacute; (2016), &laquo; Le d&eacute;fi de l&#39;appropriation du fran&ccedil;ais standard &agrave; l&#39;&eacute;cole dans l&#39;evironnement sociolinguistique particulier de la C&ocirc;te d&#39;Ivoire &raquo;, <i>Contrastive linguistics</i>, n&deg; 5, &nbsp;pp. 218-227. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Ahoua Agnace (2017), &laquo; La probl&eacute;matique de l&#39;application des r&egrave;gles d&#39;accord du participe pass&eacute; par les &eacute;l&egrave;ves &raquo;, M&eacute;moire de Master en grammaire, Ecole Normale Sup&eacute;rieure d&#39;Abidjan, d&eacute;p. Arts et Lettres (Sous la direction de Y&eacute;pri L&eacute;on, co-direction Adopo Aim&eacute;).</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Al&eacute;ong Stanley (1983), &laquo; Normes linguistiques, normes sociales: une perspective anthropologique&raquo;, <i>La norme linguistique, </i>Textes collig&eacute;s et pr&eacute;sent&eacute;s par &Eacute;dith B&eacute;dard et Jacques Maurais, Paris Robert.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><a href="http://www.entouscas.ca/author/metalinguiste/" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline" title="Afficher tous les articles par Anne-Marie Beaudoin-Bégin"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Beaudoin-B&eacute;gin</span></span></span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink" style="color:blue"><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"> Anne-Marie </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">(2011)<span class="MsoHyperlink" style="color:blue"><span style="text-decoration:underline">, &laquo; De l&#39;arbitraire de la norme&raquo;,&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span></span></span><a href="http://www.entouscas.ca/2011/04/l-arbitraire-de-la-norme/" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">http://www.entouscas.ca/2011/04/l-arbitraire-de-la-norme/</span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">, (consult&eacute; le 30/03/18).</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Bohui Hilaire </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">(2015), <i>Petit recueil d&#39;Ivoirismes</i>, Abidjan, Le Graal.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Boutin B&eacute;atrice </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">(2003)</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">, &laquo; La norme endog&egrave;ne du fran&ccedil;ais de C&ocirc;te d&#39;Ivoire: mise en &eacute;vidence de r&egrave;gles diff&eacute;rentes du fran&ccedil;ais de France concernant la compl&eacute;mentation verbale &raquo;, <i>Sud langue</i> n&deg; 2, pp. 33-46. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Bulot Thierry (2013), Blanchet Philippe, <i>Une introduction &agrave; la sociolinguistique</i>, Paris, Editions des archives contemporaines.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Calvet Jean Louis (2008), </span></span></span><a href="https://www.cairn.info/la-sociolinguistique--9782130621478.htm" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">La sociolinguistique</span></span></span></i></a><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">, Paris PUF.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Coulibaly Siaka (2018), &laquo;&nbsp;Les difficult&eacute;s lexico-grammaticales des &eacute;l&egrave;ves au cours des activit&eacute;s d&rsquo;expressions orales&nbsp;&raquo;, M&eacute;moire de Master en grammaire, Ecole Normale Sup&eacute;rieure d&#39;Abidjan, d&eacute;p Arts et Lettres (Sous la direction de Adopo Aim&eacute;).</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Drillon Jacques </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">(1991)</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">, <i>Trait&eacute; de la ponctuation fran&ccedil;aise</i>, Paris, Gallimard.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Gadet Fran&ccedil;oise </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">(2007)</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">, <i>La variation sociale en fran&ccedil;ais</i>, Ophrys, Paris.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Jung Edmond </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">(1973)</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">, &laquo; Causes des fautes d&#39;orthographe &raquo;, <i>Langue fran&ccedil;aise</i> n&deg;20, pp 97-110.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Kouadio J&eacute;r&eacute;mi (2006), &laquo;&nbsp;Le nouchi et les rapports dioula-fran&ccedil;ais&nbsp;&raquo;,&nbsp; Revue du <i>ROFCAN</i>, <i>Le fran&ccedil;ais en Afrique</i>,&nbsp; n&deg; 21, p.177-191.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Kouam&eacute; Jean Martial </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">(2013)</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">, &laquo;Les classes ivoiriennes entre monolinguisme de principe et plurilinguisme de fait &raquo;. In : D. Omer &amp; F. Tupin, &Eacute;ducations plurilinguismes. L&rsquo;aire francophone entre h&eacute;ritages et innovations. Rennes, Presse Universitaires de Rennes, pp. 167-179. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Lasagabaster</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"> David </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">(2006), &laquo; Les attitudes linguistiques&nbsp;: un &eacute;tat des lieux &raquo;. <i>Ela. &Eacute;tudes de linguistique appliqu&eacute;e</i>, n&deg; 144,(4), pp. 393-406. (En ligne </span></span></span><a href="https://www.cairn.info/revue-ela-2006-4-page-393.htm" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">https://www.cairn.info/revue-ela-2006-4-page-393.htm</span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">., consult&eacute; le 05/04/18). </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;(En ligne </span></span></span><a href="http://www.unesco.org/courier/1999_03/fr/dires/txt1.htm" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">http://www.unesco.org/courier/1999_03/fr/dires/txt1.htm</span></span></span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink" style="color:blue"><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">L&eacute;on Pierre </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">(1976)</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">, &laquo; Attitudes et comportements linguistiques : Probl&egrave;mes d&rsquo;acculturation et d&rsquo;identit&eacute; &raquo;, <i>Cahier de linguistique</i>, n&deg;6, pp. 199&ndash;221. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Morsly Dalila (1990), &laquo; Attitudes et repr&eacute;sentations linguistiques &raquo;, <i>La linguistique</i>, <i>26 </i>(Fasc. 2), pp. 77-86.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Ott August (1962), &laquo; La notion du &laquo; Bon usage &raquo; dans les &quot;Remarques&quot; de Vaugelas &raquo;, <em>Cahiers de l&#39;Association internationale des &eacute;tudes francaises</em>, n&deg;14, 1962, pp. 79-94.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Pallaud Berthille </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">(2004)</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">, &laquo; De la transgression &agrave; la variation. Marges Linguistiques &raquo;, <i>M.L.M.S. Publisher</i>, n&deg; 2, pp.76-87. (En ligne </span></span></span><a href="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00136756/document" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00136756/document</span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">, consult&eacute; le 30/03/18).</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Vahou Kakou Marcel (2016), &laquo; L&rsquo;ins&eacute;curit&eacute; linguistique chez des &eacute;l&egrave;ves en C&ocirc;te d&rsquo;Ivoire. &raquo; Th&egrave;se de doctorat.. Linguistique. Universit&eacute; F&eacute;lix Houphou&euml;t-Boigny, Abidjan, C&ocirc;te d&rsquo;Ivoire, Fran&ccedil;ais. &lt;tel-01626817&gt; (sous la direction de Kouadio Nguessan J&eacute;r&eacute;mi).</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Wynants Bernadette </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">(1997)</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">, <i>L&#39;orthographe, une norme sociale</i>, Paris, Mardaga.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px">&nbsp;</p> <div>&nbsp; <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1"> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:13px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, &quot;sans-serif&quot;"><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a> Un extrait du corpus d&#39;&eacute;tude du m&eacute;moire de Master, &laquo; La probl&eacute;matique de l&#39;application des r&egrave;gles d&#39;accord du participe pass&eacute; par les &eacute;l&egrave;ves &raquo;, 2017, p. 37, de Ahoua. </span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText">&nbsp;</p> </div> </div>