<p>Article</p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp; Introduction </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Dans toute soci&eacute;t&eacute;, il existe&nbsp; des langues maternelles que l&rsquo;enfant acquiert passivement d&egrave;s son jeune &acirc;ge, et d&rsquo;autres qui sont &eacute;trang&egrave;res. Celles-ci sont apprises &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;cole, &nbsp;tel le cas de &nbsp;la langue fran&ccedil;aise et de la langue anglaise en Alg&eacute;rie.&nbsp; L&rsquo;apprentissage de la langue &eacute;trang&egrave;re&nbsp; est g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement conditionn&eacute; par l&rsquo;amour de la langue ou au contraire par son rejet. De fait, le d&eacute;sir, la fascination, l&rsquo;attirance, la r&eacute;ticence sont autant de facteurs qui modifient &nbsp;l&rsquo;apprentissage de la langue. </span></span></span></span></p> <ol> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Cadre de l&rsquo;&eacute;tude </span></span></strong></span></span></li> </ol> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Notre contribution se situe dans le prolongement des &eacute;tudes qui s&rsquo;inscrivent en &nbsp;psychologie sociale et cognitive. Nous ambitionnons de d&eacute;crire les repr&eacute;sentations langagi&egrave;res et la dimension subjective de l&rsquo;apprentissage du FLE chez les locuteurs alg&eacute;riens qui ont certains rapports &agrave; la langue &eacute;trang&egrave;re (le fran&ccedil;ais). Pour ce faire, nous devons d&rsquo;abord d&eacute;finir les concepts cl&eacute;s de notre recherche et qui sont en relation avec notre&nbsp; partie analytique. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">L&rsquo;Alg&eacute;rie est un pays plurilingue o&ugrave; cohabitent plusieurs langues avec diff&eacute;rents statuts.&nbsp; G. GRANDGUILLAUME d&eacute;crit la situation plurilingue alg&eacute;rienne en affirmant que&nbsp;: </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><em><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;Dans le Maghreb actuel trois langues sont utilis&eacute;es&nbsp;: la langue arabe, la langue fran&ccedil;aise et la langue maternelle, les deux premi&egrave;res sont des langues de cultures, de statut &eacute;crit. Le fran&ccedil;ais est aussi utilis&eacute; comme langue de conversations. Toutefois, la langue maternelle v&eacute;ritablement parl&eacute;e dans la vie quotidienne est toujours un dialecte arabe ou berb&egrave;re&nbsp;; cette langue maternelle, sauf de tr&egrave;s rares exceptions, n&rsquo;est jamais &eacute;crite. </span></em><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">(1983&nbsp;: 11) </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Il est d&rsquo;autre part essentiel de rappeler que les langues alg&eacute;riennes ont des statuts diff&eacute;rents. Le fran&ccedil;ais h&eacute;rit&eacute;&nbsp; du colonisateur fran&ccedil;ais, faisait l&rsquo;unique langue&nbsp; d&rsquo;usage dans la gestion et l&rsquo;administration du pays. En effet, le fran&ccedil;ais qui est un&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><em><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; H&eacute;ritage de plus d&rsquo;un si&egrave;cle de colonisation, est officiellement reconnu comme premi&egrave;re langue &eacute;trang&egrave;re. Une langue &eacute;trang&egrave;re au statut particulier (Derradji Y., 2006) car encore aujourd&rsquo;hui cette langue conserve un r&ocirc;le privil&eacute;gi&eacute;&nbsp; sur la seine officielle et sociale du pays. C&rsquo;est une langue qui a gard&eacute; une importance certaine dans l&rsquo;&eacute;ducation (l&rsquo;apprentissage du fran&ccedil;ais dans les &eacute;coles), la politique, l&rsquo;administration et les m&eacute;dias du pays.</span></em><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"> (ABBES KARA A., KEBBAS M., OULEBSIR K. 2013&nbsp;: 14).&nbsp; </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><em>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </em><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Cependant, juste apr&egrave;s&nbsp; l&rsquo;ind&eacute;pendance, le gouvernement alg&eacute;rien proclama que l&rsquo;unique langue nationale et officielle du pays est bien l&rsquo;arabe standard tout en octroyant au fran&ccedil;ais le statut de langue &eacute;trang&egrave;re au m&ecirc;me titre que l&rsquo;anglais. Selon CLAUDET&nbsp; D.,&nbsp;<em>&nbsp; </em></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><em>&nbsp;</em><em><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Le fran&ccedil;ais en tant que langue du colonisateur a un statut tr&egrave;s ambigu&nbsp;; d&rsquo;une part il attire le m&eacute;pris officiel (il est officiellement consid&eacute;r&eacute; comme langue &eacute;trang&egrave;re au m&ecirc;me titre que l&rsquo;anglais, mais d&rsquo;autre part, il est synonyme de r&eacute;ussite sociale et d&rsquo;acc&egrave;s &agrave; la culture et/ou modernisme.</span></em><em>&nbsp;</em> <span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;(ASSELAH&nbsp; REHAL,&nbsp; S. 2001&nbsp;:46). </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ce que l&rsquo;on essaie de montrer ici est que&nbsp; le statut du fran&ccedil;ais en Alg&eacute;rie est tr&egrave;s &eacute;quivoque dans la mesure o&ugrave; il est celui de &laquo;&nbsp;langue &eacute;trang&egrave;re&nbsp;&raquo; qui est par d&eacute;finition une langue apprise pour une utilisation hors des fronti&egrave;res. Mais l&rsquo;on voit bien que le statut social du fran&ccedil;ais fait de cette langue, une langue de communication interne et externe&nbsp;: c&rsquo;est en effet la langue de l&rsquo;administration, des&nbsp; &eacute;changes&nbsp; sociaux, la langue des enseignements universitaires et quelque peu scolaire.&nbsp; Nous pr&eacute;cisons tout de suite que les pratiques sociales du fran&ccedil;ais font de cette langue une&nbsp; langue seconde &eacute;tant par d&eacute;finition une langue &eacute;trang&egrave;re privil&eacute;gi&eacute;e <a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">[1]</span></span></a>ou une langue envisag&eacute;e comme moyen et objet d&rsquo;apprentissage (un enseignement en langue et un enseignement de la langue).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Cependant, ce statut non prononc&eacute; politiquement rivalise le statut de l&rsquo;arabe standard qui a &eacute;t&eacute; pour longtemps, de 1962 &agrave; 2002, reconnu comme <em>&laquo;&nbsp;unique langue nationale et officielle du pays&nbsp;&raquo;<a href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">[2]</span></span></strong></a></em>. Cette langue permet donc &agrave; son tour un enseignement de la langue et un enseignement en langue, et qui est la deuxi&egrave;me langue apprise en Alg&eacute;rie apr&egrave;s la langue maternelle (Ce qui renvoie &agrave; la d&eacute;finition de la langue seconde). Rappelons que la langue maternelle est la premi&egrave;re langue acquise par l&rsquo;enfant dans son environnement familial&nbsp; et qui renvoie en Alg&eacute;rie &agrave; l&rsquo;arabe dialectal et au berb&egrave;re. C&rsquo;est donc sur ce constat (complexit&eacute; de la situation sociolinguistique de l&rsquo;Alg&eacute;rie) que nous &laquo;&nbsp;grefferons&nbsp;&raquo; notre enqu&ecirc;te. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Toutes les langues, maternelles qu&rsquo;elles soient, &eacute;trang&egrave;res ou secondes laissent transparaitre des repr&eacute;sentations langagi&egrave;res chez les locuteurs alg&eacute;riens. &nbsp;Ces repr&eacute;sentations varient selon que ces locuteurs (ou apprenants) s&rsquo;identifient &agrave; l&rsquo;autre, selon qu&rsquo;ils rejettent l&rsquo;autre et sa langue ou selon qu&rsquo;ils le consid&egrave;rent comme &laquo;&nbsp;ennemi- colonisateur&nbsp;&raquo; ou &laquo;&nbsp;homme civilis&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo;. Toutes ces repr&eacute;sentations et bien d&rsquo;autres nous permettent de poser les questions : Comment le sujet alg&eacute;rien (celui de notre &eacute;chantillon) &nbsp;se repr&eacute;sente- t- il le fran&ccedil;ais ? Ces repr&eacute;sentations conditionnent- elles l&rsquo;apprentissage et l&rsquo;expression en langue &eacute;trang&egrave;re ? </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Pour r&eacute;pondre &agrave; ces questions, nous partons de l&rsquo;hypoth&egrave;se que les repr&eacute;sentations qu&rsquo;ont les locuteurs alg&eacute;riens quant &agrave; la langue fran&ccedil;aise, leur amour ou le rejet de cette langue &nbsp;influencent et conditionnent l&rsquo;apprentissage du FLE. </span></span></span></span></p> <ol start="2"> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">V&eacute;rification des hypoth&egrave;ses</span></span></strong></span></span> <ol> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Lieu&nbsp; de l&rsquo;enqu&ecirc;te </span></span></span></span></li> </ol> </li> </ol> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Situ&eacute; au centre ville de la commune de Boghni, le lyc&eacute;e ZAMOUM Mohamed est l&rsquo;un des plus anciens &eacute;tablissements du secondaire de la willaya de Tizi-Ouzou, o&ugrave; l&rsquo;on enseigne plusieurs fili&egrave;res dont la fili&egrave;re des langues &eacute;trang&egrave;res. &nbsp;Ce lyc&eacute;e constituera notre terrain d&rsquo;enqu&ecirc;te. &nbsp;</span></span></span></span></p> <ol> <li style="list-style-type:none"> <ol start="2"> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Outil d&rsquo;&eacute;valuation et d&eacute;roulement de l&rsquo;enqu&ecirc;te &nbsp;</span></span></span></span></li> </ol> </li> </ol> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Pour atteindre notre objectif et&nbsp; r&eacute;pondre aux questions que nous avons pos&eacute;es au d&eacute;but de cette recherche, nous avons r&eacute;alis&eacute; une enqu&ecirc;te le 07, le 08 et le 10 janvier 2019 au niveau du lyc&eacute;e ZAMOUM Mohamed de Boghni o&ugrave; nous avons soumis un questionnaire &agrave; soixante apprenants de la premi&egrave;re ann&eacute;e secondaire, distribu&eacute; sur deux classes. Cette technique nous a permis de &nbsp;comprendre les repr&eacute;sentations des apprenants sur &nbsp;la langue fran&ccedil;aise ainsi que leurs rapports avec l&rsquo;apprentissage du FLE. &nbsp;Notre questionnaire se r&eacute;partit en&nbsp; trois items que nous r&eacute;sumons dans le tableau suivant&nbsp;: </span></span></span></span></p> <table border="1" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:solid black 1.0pt"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:230.3pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;items</span></span></strong></span></span></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:230.3pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">objectif</span></span></strong></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:230.3pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">1/ Repr&eacute;sentation de la langue fran&ccedil;aise par les apprenants.</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:230.3pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Savoir comment les apprenants se repr&eacute;sentent- ils &nbsp;la langue fran&ccedil;aise.</span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:230.3pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">2/Les pratiques de classe. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:230.3pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Voir comment les repr&eacute;sentations se r&eacute;percutent sur les pratiques langagi&egrave;res en classe.</span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Nous avons &eacute;galement effectu&eacute; plusieurs observations participantes &nbsp;aupr&egrave;s des apprenants &nbsp;&eacute;tant dans un cours de FLE, et ce, dans le but de&nbsp; compl&eacute;ter les r&eacute;sultats du questionnaire. Pour ce faire, nous avons r&eacute;alis&eacute; une grille d&rsquo;observation des apprenants, propos&eacute;e ci-dessous&nbsp;:</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <table cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:203.85pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Ph&eacute;nom&egrave;nes observ&eacute;s</span></span></strong></span></span></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:35.2pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Oui</span></span></strong></span></span></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:35.7pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Non </span></span></strong></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:203.85pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Sont calmes et attentifs</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:35.2pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:35.7pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:203.85pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Participent</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:35.2pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:35.7pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:203.85pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">R&eacute;pondent correctement </span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:35.2pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:35.7pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:203.85pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Ont de bons r&eacute;sultats</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:35.2pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:35.7pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:203.85pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Bavardent durant le cours </span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:35.2pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:35.7pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:203.85pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Ils se montrent int&eacute;ress&eacute;s </span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:35.2pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:35.7pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="height:17.9pt; vertical-align:top; width:203.85pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Ils se montrent d&eacute;missionnaires.</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="height:17.9pt; vertical-align:top; width:35.2pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="height:17.9pt; vertical-align:top; width:35.7pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="height:18.3pt; vertical-align:top; width:203.85pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;Ils interagissent avec l&rsquo;enseignante.</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="height:18.3pt; vertical-align:top; width:35.2pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> </td> <td style="height:18.3pt; vertical-align:top; width:35.7pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <ol> <li style="list-style-type:none"> <ol start="3"> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">L&rsquo;analyse&nbsp; et le croisement des r&eacute;sultats</span></span></strong></span></span></li> </ol> </li> </ol> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Cette section est r&eacute;serv&eacute;e aux r&eacute;sultats de notre enqu&ecirc;te. En effet, plusieurs constats se d&eacute;gagent de l&rsquo;analyse du questionnaire qui a montr&eacute; que les apprenants de la premi&egrave;re ann&eacute;e secondaire se font des repr&eacute;sentations sur la langue fran&ccedil;aise. Il est vrai que 35% de notre &eacute;chantillon n&rsquo;aime pas le fran&ccedil;ais. Mais il est aussi vrai que &nbsp;65% des apprenants, qui sont majoritairement du sexe f&eacute;minin, aiment cette langue. Selon ce dernier groupe, le fran&ccedil;ais n&rsquo;est plus &laquo;&nbsp;un butin de guerre&nbsp;&raquo; comme l&rsquo;a consid&eacute;r&eacute; le gouvernement alg&eacute;rien de 1962, mais plut&ocirc;t &laquo;&nbsp;la langue de Moli&egrave;re&nbsp;&raquo; qui refl&egrave;te &laquo;&nbsp;les belles lettres&nbsp;&raquo;. Les apprenants ont &eacute;galement justifi&eacute; leur amour envers le fran&ccedil;ais, par le fait qu&rsquo;il est la langue de la modernit&eacute; et de l&rsquo;ouverture sur le monde. Pour quelques uns, elle est &laquo;&nbsp;la meilleure langue du monde&nbsp;&raquo; pour reprendre leurs propos.&nbsp; Pour justifier leur amour, &nbsp;nos sujets ont utilis&eacute; des qualificatifs tels que&nbsp;:</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&laquo;&nbsp;&nbsp;Langue de classe&nbsp;&raquo;, </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&laquo;&nbsp;Langue prestigieuse&nbsp;&raquo; </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&laquo;&nbsp;De prestige&nbsp;&raquo;, </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&laquo;&nbsp;Haute gamme&nbsp;&raquo;, </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&laquo;&nbsp;Langue d&rsquo;&eacute;l&eacute;gance&nbsp;&raquo;, </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&laquo;&nbsp;Elle refl&egrave;te la bourgeoisie&nbsp;&raquo;, </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&laquo;&nbsp;Une mode&nbsp; et une tendance&raquo;&hellip; </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Toutes ces repr&eacute;sentations influencent positivement l&rsquo;apprentissage du FLE. Il semble cependant int&eacute;ressant de souligner que ce sont ces m&ecirc;mes sujets qui se sont montr&eacute;s int&eacute;ress&eacute;s en classe de FLE. Ils sont en effet &nbsp;&nbsp;calmes et attentifs lors du cours. Ils participent et n&rsquo;h&eacute;sitent pas &agrave; poser des questions; ils n&rsquo;ont pas de difficult&eacute; &agrave; assimiler les cours et r&eacute;pondent positivement aux s&eacute;ries d&rsquo;exercices. L&rsquo;on peut &eacute;galement consid&eacute;rer qu&rsquo;ils &nbsp;n&rsquo;ont pas de difficult&eacute;s &agrave; s&rsquo;exprimer en langue fran&ccedil;aise. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Contrairement &agrave; cette tranche d&rsquo;apprenant qui &nbsp;n&rsquo;h&eacute;site pas &agrave; s&rsquo;approprier la langue fran&ccedil;aise, il y a bien ceux qui fuient et rejettent cette langue car&nbsp;:</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&laquo;&nbsp;Elle&nbsp;n&rsquo;est pas la n&ocirc;tre&nbsp;&raquo;, </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&laquo; Elle est&nbsp;la langue de ceux qui aiment se faire voir&nbsp;&raquo;, </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&laquo;&nbsp;Et se montrer&nbsp;&raquo; ou &laquo;&nbsp;se vanter&nbsp;&raquo; pour reprendre leurs propos. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Selon ces apprenants, le fran&ccedil;ais est la langue de &laquo;&nbsp;la classe aristocratique&nbsp;&raquo; et non pas la langue de &laquo;&nbsp;l&rsquo;enfant du peuple&nbsp;&raquo;. Pour d&rsquo;autres apprenants, la langue fran&ccedil;aise est une langue difficile &agrave; assimiler ou elle est moins int&eacute;ressante la comparant aux disciplines&nbsp;: &nbsp;&nbsp;math&eacute;matiques et &nbsp;physique. D&rsquo;apr&egrave;s leurs r&eacute;ponses, &nbsp;la langue&nbsp; fran&ccedil;aise est &nbsp;rejet&eacute;e car&nbsp;:</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&laquo;&nbsp;Elle est une langue difficile&nbsp;car elle a beaucoup de r&egrave;gles&raquo;</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&laquo;&nbsp;Elle n&rsquo;est pas int&eacute;ressante&nbsp;&raquo;</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&laquo; C&rsquo;est une langue sans avenir&nbsp;&raquo;</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&laquo;&nbsp;On maitrise l&rsquo;anglais&nbsp;&raquo;. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Ce rejet est &eacute;galement d&ucirc; &agrave; des facteurs psychologiques tels que la honte, la timidit&eacute;, le complexe du colonis&eacute;, le fait qu&rsquo;ils n&rsquo;aiment pas leurs enseignants du FLE ou le rejet de ces derniers&hellip; Ces m&ecirc;mes apprenants expliquent qu&rsquo;ils ne peuvent pas faire appel au fran&ccedil;ais lors de&nbsp; leurs conversations&nbsp; m&ecirc;me s&rsquo;ils sont en plein cours de fran&ccedil;ais. Et c&rsquo;est bien ce que nous avons constat&eacute; lors de nos observations. Toutes ces repr&eacute;sentations n&eacute;gatives influencent n&eacute;gativement l&rsquo;apprentissage du FLE. &nbsp;Les r&eacute;sultats de l&rsquo;observation ont montr&eacute; que la majorit&eacute; de ces apprenants ne participent pas en classe de FLE&nbsp;; ils sont moins attentifs, ils bavardent et ils ne r&eacute;pondent pas correctement aux s&eacute;ries d&rsquo;exercices. Selon leurs r&eacute;ponses, le cours de fran&ccedil;ais est tr&egrave;s lourd et la s&eacute;ance ne s&rsquo;ach&egrave;ve pas rapidement&nbsp;: ce qui les ennuie. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Selon les enseignants du FLE, les apprenants qui aiment la langue fran&ccedil;aise ont obtenu de tr&egrave;s bons&nbsp; r&eacute;sultats et sont meilleurs que ceux qui rejettent cette langue. &nbsp;Nous proposons dans ce qui suit un tableau r&eacute;capitulatif des cons&eacute;quences et de l&rsquo;influence des repr&eacute;sentations (de l&rsquo;amour ou du rejet de la langue fran&ccedil;aise) sur l&rsquo;apprentissage du FLE.&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></span></span></span></p> <table cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:230.4pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Apprenants ayant des repr&eacute;sentations positives</span></span></strong></span></span></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:230.3pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Apprenants ayant&nbsp; des repr&eacute;sentations n&eacute;gatives</span></span></strong></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:230.4pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Aiment et s&rsquo;approprient la langue fran&ccedil;aise </span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:230.3pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">N&rsquo;aiment pas et rejettent la langue fran&ccedil;aise</span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:230.4pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Sont attentifs lors du cours du FLE</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:230.3pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Ne sont pas attentifs</span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:230.4pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Sont calmes</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:230.3pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Sont Calmes </span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:230.4pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Participent toujours </span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:230.3pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Sauf quelques exceptions, ils ne participent pas </span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:230.4pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">R&eacute;pondent correctement aux exercices</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:230.3pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Ne r&eacute;pondent pas correctement aux exercices</span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:230.4pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Ont obtenu de bons r&eacute;sultats</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:230.3pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Sauf des cas rares, ils ont de mauvais r&eacute;sultats</span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:230.4pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Ont la volont&eacute; d&rsquo;apprendre le FLE</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:230.3pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">N&rsquo;ont aucune volont&eacute; d&rsquo;apprendre le FLE</span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="height:25.9pt; vertical-align:top; width:230.4pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Parlent couramment&nbsp; et font appel &agrave; la langue fran&ccedil;aise lors de leurs interactions de classe</span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td style="height:25.9pt; vertical-align:top; width:230.3pt"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Ne font pas appel &agrave; la langue fran&ccedil;aise&nbsp; lors de leurs interactions de classe</span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Conclusion </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">A travers cette &eacute;tude, nous avons voulu mettre l&rsquo;accent sur les repr&eacute;sentations langagi&egrave;res et la dimension subjective de l&rsquo;apprentissage du FLE chez les locuteurs alg&eacute;riens, plus pr&eacute;cis&eacute;ment chez les apprenants alg&eacute;riens de la premi&egrave;re ann&eacute;e secondaire (ceux de notre terrain d&rsquo;enqu&ecirc;te). Tout en mettant l&rsquo;accent sur l&rsquo;influence des repr&eacute;sentations sur l&rsquo;apprentissage du FLE, nous avons conclu que l&rsquo;appropriation&nbsp; et la volont&eacute; d&rsquo;apprendre une langue repose sur l&rsquo;amour ou le rejet de cette langue. Ces quelques constats am&egrave;nent cependant &agrave; consid&eacute;rer que les repr&eacute;sentations positives et n&eacute;gatives &nbsp;des apprenants&nbsp; conditionnent l&rsquo;apprentissage et l&rsquo;expression en langue fran&ccedil;aise, ce qui fait de&nbsp; l&rsquo;apprentissage, un acte subjectif. </span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Bibliographie </span></span></strong></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">ABBES KARA, Atika, &nbsp;KEBBAS, Malika, &nbsp;OULEBSIR, Kamilia, <em>Contacts de langues et communication &nbsp;m&eacute;diatis&eacute;e par ordinateur (CMO),</em> Alger, Socles, (2013). &nbsp;</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:36pt; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">ASSELAH- RAHAL,&nbsp; Safia, <em>Plurilinguisme et migration, </em>Paris, l&rsquo;Harmattan, (2004).</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:36pt; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">BENRABAH, Mohamed, <em>Langues et pouvoir en Alg&eacute;rie- Histoire d&rsquo;un traumatisme linguistique,</em> &nbsp;Paris, Edition S&eacute;guier, (1999).</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:36pt; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">BERGHOUT, Noujoud, <em>R&eacute;flexions sur les pratiques linguistiques et l&rsquo;alternance codique dans le &nbsp;discours de locuteurs chaoui&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;Repr&eacute;sentations spatiales et communication urbaine. </em>Th&egrave;se de doctorat en sociolinguistique, sous la direction de&nbsp; KARA, Atika et de BULOT, Thiery. Ecole Nationale Sup&eacute;rieure des Lettres et Sciences. Alger, (2009).</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:36pt; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">&nbsp; </span></span></p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">CHIBANE, Rachid, <em>Culture,&nbsp; jeunes et plurilinguisme &agrave; Tizi-Ouzou&nbsp;: pratiques francophones d&rsquo;un micro-r&eacute;seau social. </em>&nbsp;Th&egrave;se de doctorat en sociolinguistique, sous la direction de HADDADOU, Mohamed-Akli. et BULOT, Thiery. universit&eacute; de Tizi-Ouzou, Volume 1. Tizi-Ouzou,&nbsp; (2015).</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:36pt; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">DERRADJI, Yacine, <em>Vous avez dit Langue &Eacute;trang&egrave;re, le fran&ccedil;ais en Alg&eacute;rie?</em> , <em>in</em></span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><em>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </em><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Castellotti V. (dir.) &amp; Chalabi H. (dir.), <em>Le fran&ccedil;ais langue &eacute;trang&egrave;re et seconde: des </em></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><em><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; paysages didactiques en contexte, &nbsp;</span></span></em><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Paris, L&rsquo;Harmattan, (2006).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:36pt; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">GRANDGUILLAUME, Gilbert, <em>Le maghreb confront&eacute; &agrave; l&rsquo;islamisme&nbsp;: Arabisation et d&eacute;magogie en Alg&eacute;rie. </em></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Paris, </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Dans le monde diplomatique, &nbsp;(1997).</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:36pt; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <ul> <li style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">GRAND GUILLAUME, Gilbert. <em>Arabisation et politique linguistique au maghreb</em>, Paris : ed Gp Maisonneuve et Larose, (1983).</span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <div>&nbsp; <hr /> <div id="ftn1"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"> Selon CUQ et GRUCA, 2002.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm">&nbsp;</p> </div> <div id="ftn2"> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><a href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">[2]</span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"> Article 3de la constitution de 1962 cit&eacute; par CHIBANE, R. 2015.</span></span></span></p> </div> </div>