<p>&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">L&rsquo;alphab&eacute;tisation conscientisante&nbsp;: </span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Quel(s) succ&egrave;s face aux autres approches&nbsp;?</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Jihane SBOUSSA, doctorante chercheuse</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">SCALEC, UMI, ENS de Mekn&egrave;s, Maroc</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><a href="mailto:Jihanesb09@gmail.com" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Jihanesb09@gmail.com</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">+212638583614</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">R&eacute;sum&eacute;&nbsp;:</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">L&rsquo;approche conscientisante en apprentissage du public alpha, vise &agrave; autonomiser les individus en situation d&rsquo;illettrisme et ce, en les aidant &agrave; d&eacute;velopper une prise de conscience critique de leur r&eacute;alit&eacute; sociale, politique et &eacute;conomique. Le point de d&eacute;part est de reconnaitre non seulement le d&eacute;ficit en lecture ou en &eacute;criture, mais aussi d&rsquo;assurer une meilleure insertion soci&eacute;tale et culturelle, notamment chez les &eacute;migr&eacute;s. L&rsquo;objectif principal &eacute;tant d&rsquo;amener le public alpha &agrave; r&eacute;fl&eacute;chir de mani&egrave;re critique sur leur r&eacute;alit&eacute; et &agrave; s&rsquo;engager dans des actions de transformation sociale. Les apprenants consid&eacute;r&eacute;s comme actifs, sont tenus &agrave; partager leurs exp&eacute;riences &agrave; dialoguer avec d&rsquo;autres apprenants et &agrave; participer &agrave; des activit&eacute;s pratiques li&eacute;es essentiellement &agrave; leur v&eacute;cu quotidien. Ceci rend l&rsquo;apprentissage plus int&eacute;ressant et significatif pour eux et les am&egrave;nent &agrave; d&eacute;velopper des habilet&eacute;s complexes telles que&nbsp;: la r&eacute;solution des probl&egrave;mes dans des situations purement communicatives et l&rsquo;interaction intelligente au lieu d&rsquo;une simple acquisition des b&eacute;aba de lecture et d&rsquo;&eacute;criture. A travers une &eacute;tude comparatiste des &eacute;tudes scolaire et conscientisante, nous allons d&eacute;montrer l&rsquo;efficacit&eacute; de la premi&egrave;re pour assurer une insertion sociale et professionnelle r&eacute;ussie.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Mots-cl&eacute;s&nbsp;: illettrisme, apprenant, alpha, conscientisante, scolaire, social.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Abstract: </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">The awareness-raising approach to learning for the alpha public aims to empower illiterate individuals by helping them develop a critical awareness of their social, political and economic reality. The starting point is to recognize not only the deficit in reading or writing, but also to ensure better societal and cultural integration, particularly among emigrants. The main objective being to get the alpha audience to think critically about their reality and engage in actions for social transformation. Learners considered active are required to share their experiences, interact with other learners and participate in practical activities essentially linked to their daily experience. This makes learning more interesting and meaningful for them and leads them to develop complex skills such as: problem solving in purely communicative situations and intelligent interaction instead of simple acquisition of reading skills and writing. Through a comparative study of school and awareness-raising studies, we will demonstrate the effectiveness of the first in ensuring successful social and professional integration.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Keywords: illiteracy, learner, alpha, awareness-raising, school, social.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Introduction :</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:34pt; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">L&rsquo;approche conscientisante en enseignement du public alpha, est une m&eacute;thode s&rsquo;inspirant de la p&eacute;dagogie de conscientisation. Cette approche vise &agrave; &eacute;lever la conscience critique des apprenants tout en les dotant des comp&eacute;tences de base en lecture, en &eacute;criture mais aussi en calcul. En effet, son principe de base concerne l&rsquo;ancrage de l&rsquo;enseignement dans le contexte de vie des apprenants. Les le&ccedil;ons sont ainsi con&ccedil;ues autour de situations probl&egrave;mes r&eacute;elles et r&eacute;currentes de leur v&eacute;cu. Ceci dit, la communication est favoris&eacute;e &agrave; travers des dialogues interactifs plut&ocirc;t que des m&eacute;thodes transmissives et unidirectionnelles. Ce qui suscitera un int&eacute;r&ecirc;t significatif et encouragera la r&eacute;flexion critique. Dans son ouvrage <i>La p&eacute;dagogie de l&rsquo;autonomie</i>&nbsp;<i>: Savoirs n&eacute;cessaires &agrave; l&rsquo;exercice de la pratique &eacute;ducative </i>(Freire&nbsp;:1996), Paulo Freire met le concept de l&rsquo;autonomie au c&oelig;ur de l&rsquo;apprentissage et rejette toute sorte d&rsquo;&eacute;ducation transmissive. Quelle soit p&eacute;dagogie active, ou approche conscientisante, le but &eacute;tant d&rsquo;impliquer et d&rsquo;engager compl&egrave;tement l&rsquo;apprenant dans n&rsquo;importe quel cycle &agrave; apprendre en autonomie et d&eacute;velopper des comp&eacute;tences complexes. Le dialogue serait un outil percutant et aidera &agrave; tisser des liens forts avec le v&eacute;cu des apprenants. </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Ils sont consid&eacute;r&eacute;s comme actifs, et sont tenus &agrave; partager leurs exp&eacute;riences &agrave; dialoguer avec d&rsquo;autres apprenants et &agrave; participer &agrave; des activit&eacute;s pratiques li&eacute;es essentiellement &agrave; leur v&eacute;cu quotidien. Ceci rend l&rsquo;apprentissage plus int&eacute;ressant et significatif pour eux et les am&egrave;nent &agrave; d&eacute;velopper des habilet&eacute;s complexes telles que&nbsp;: la r&eacute;solution des probl&egrave;mes dans des situations purement communicatives et l&rsquo;interaction intelligente au lieu d&rsquo;une simple acquisition des b&eacute;aba de lecture et d&rsquo;&eacute;criture. A travers une &eacute;tude comparatiste des &eacute;tudes scolaire et conscientisante, nous allons d&eacute;montrer l&rsquo;efficacit&eacute; de la premi&egrave;re pour assurer une insertion sociale et professionnelle r&eacute;ussie.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">En Afrique, l&rsquo;illettrisme persiste comme d&eacute;fi majeur dans de nombreux pays, entravant ainsi l&rsquo;autonomie et l&rsquo;&eacute;panouissement des individus. Nous aurons l&rsquo;occasion de voir en profondeur l&rsquo;approche conscientisante en apprentissage du public alpha, mettant en lumi&egrave;re les axes cl&eacute;s qui font de cette m&eacute;thode une voie prometteuse vers l&rsquo;&eacute;mancipation &eacute;ducative.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">1. </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Fondements de l&rsquo;approche conscientisante&nbsp;:</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-bottom:11px; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">1.1.</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> Aper&ccedil;u historique&nbsp;:</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:34pt; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Depuis le d&eacute;but de l&rsquo;Histoire humaine, l&rsquo;&eacute;ducation a &eacute;t&eacute; r&eacute;serv&eacute;e &agrave; la classe d&rsquo;&eacute;lite, d&eacute;tenant un pouvoir politique et financier importants. Paulo Freire utilise un concept intelligemment pens&eacute; dans ce contexte discriminatoire et qu&rsquo;il appelle &laquo;&nbsp;la p&eacute;dagogie bancaire&nbsp;&raquo; (1971&nbsp;: 29). Selon Freire, les &eacute;lites au pouvoir utilisent l&rsquo;&eacute;ducation qu&rsquo;ils contr&ocirc;lent comme un des outils au service de l&rsquo;oppression et de la mort de l&rsquo;histoire. Cette p&eacute;dagogie bancaire a pour objectif de maintenir les privil&egrave;ges des &eacute;lites. Elle cherche activement &agrave; influencer la conscience des individus en d&eacute;ployant des mythes refl&eacute;tant la culture des oppresseurs. Son approche est con&ccedil;ue comme une conqu&ecirc;te visant &agrave; maintenir les masses populaires dans l&rsquo;ali&eacute;nation. Cependant, cette strat&eacute;gie de conqu&ecirc;te n&rsquo;implique jamais une v&eacute;ritable pr&eacute;sence aux c&ocirc;t&eacute;s des individus. Bref, l&rsquo;&eacute;ducation est essentiellement r&eacute;serv&eacute;e &agrave; une classe g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement sup&eacute;rieure pour se d&eacute;marquer de la basse classe opprim&eacute;e (1973&nbsp;: 55).</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Au fil des temps, l&rsquo;on est pass&eacute; d&rsquo;une &eacute;ducation centr&eacute;e sur l&rsquo;oppression et la domination vers une &eacute;ducation dynamique centr&eacute;e sur l&rsquo;&ecirc;tre humain. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-bottom:11px; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">1.2.</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> Un dialogue critique&nbsp;:</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:34pt; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">En sortant du cadre classique de l&rsquo;apprentissage unidirectionnel, l&rsquo;approche conscientisante se concentre sur le dialogue critique, qui promeut un &eacute;change dynamique et r&eacute;ciproque. Bas&eacute;e sur une communication horizontale, les formateurs et les apprenants interagissent de mani&egrave;re &eacute;quitable. Il rompt avec la relation verticale tuteur-apprenti et favorise une collaboration mutuelle. De ce fait, le processus &eacute;ducatif n&rsquo;est pas seulement centr&eacute; sur l&rsquo;enseignement de connaissances pr&eacute;&eacute;tablies, mais implique &eacute;galement la cocr&eacute;ation du savoir. Les apprenants sont g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement confront&eacute;s &agrave; des situations probl&eacute;matiques complexes, inspir&eacute;es de leur v&eacute;cu ou des situations qu&rsquo;ils vont bient&ocirc;t vivre dans une nouvelle soci&eacute;t&eacute; pour r&eacute;ussir leur int&eacute;gration. L&rsquo;on &eacute;voque ainsi le concept du &laquo;&nbsp;th&eacute;&acirc;tre de l&rsquo;opprim&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo;<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a> qui constitue une des techniques th&eacute;&acirc;trales utilis&eacute;s par le metteur en sc&egrave;ne br&eacute;silien Augusto Boal (1980&nbsp;: 154) et qui sont transpos&eacute;es dans l&rsquo;&eacute;ducation populaire ou en milieu vuln&eacute;rable. En commen&ccedil;ant par le dialogue initial des opprim&eacute;s par Freire jusqu&rsquo;&agrave; la p&eacute;dagogie de Freinet<a href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a>, consid&eacute;rant l&rsquo;apprenant au centre de tout acte d&rsquo;apprentissage jusqu&rsquo;au &laquo;&nbsp;C&eacute;m&eacute;a &raquo;<a href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a>. La m&eacute;thode du th&eacute;&acirc;tre de l&rsquo;opprim&eacute;, visant &agrave; habiliter des personnes opprim&eacute;es, et issues de milieux vuln&eacute;rables &agrave; employer un m&eacute;canisme d&rsquo;expression comme moyen de conscientisation, de d&eacute;bat, et de lutte. Ceci permet de passer du t&eacute;moignage individuel &agrave; une exp&eacute;rience collective, et surtout une r&eacute;flexion critique sur les m&eacute;canismes structurels d&rsquo;oppression, dans l&rsquo;esp&eacute;rance de d&eacute;velopper un pouvoir d&rsquo;agir efficace. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">En somme, le th&eacute;&acirc;tre de l&rsquo;opprim&eacute; &eacute;merge comme une approche p&eacute;dagogique th&eacute;&acirc;trale sp&eacute;cialement con&ccedil;ues pour les personnes opprim&eacute;es ou vivant dans la pr&eacute;carit&eacute;. Son objectif militant vise &agrave; d&eacute;passer le r&eacute;cit individuel, vers une r&eacute;flexion critique commune et au nom de la collectivit&eacute;.&nbsp; </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-bottom:11px; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">2. </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Contextualisation et sens dans l&rsquo;apprentissage&nbsp;:</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:34pt; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Contrairement &agrave; l&rsquo;approche scolaire consid&eacute;r&eacute; comme basique et simpliste en apprentissage du public alpha, l&rsquo;approche conscientisante se distingue par son ancrage profond dans la r&eacute;alit&eacute; sociale des apprenants. Elle promeut les simulations pratiques et inclut des projets communautaires et des discussions sur des probl&egrave;mes sociaux actuels. Ainsi, les contenus d&rsquo;apprentissage int&egrave;grent des r&eacute;f&eacute;rences culturelles vari&eacute;es et des activit&eacute;s artistiques telles que&nbsp;: le th&eacute;&acirc;tre, la musique ou la danse. Un langage appropri&eacute; utilis&eacute; par le formateur semble ainsi indispensable pour faciliter l&rsquo;acc&egrave;s &agrave; l&rsquo;apprentissage pour les form&eacute;s. Tous les ingr&eacute;dients que nous avons cit&eacute;s convergent vers le d&eacute;veloppement non seulement et simplement des habilet&eacute;s &eacute;crites et orales mais aussi le d&eacute;veloppement v&eacute;ritable de la comp&eacute;tence qui est selon Guy Le Boterf&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;un savoir agir en situation&nbsp;&raquo; (1994&nbsp;: 45).</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-bottom:11px; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">3. </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Inclusion des apprenants en tant que Co-&eacute;ducateurs&nbsp;:</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:34pt; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">En faisant participer activement les apprenants, ils sauront l&rsquo;utilit&eacute; de leur apprentissage et partageront leurs exp&eacute;riences individuelles au sein de la salle de classe. Ils ne seront pas de simples r&eacute;cepteurs du savoir mais &eacute;galement contributeurs. Ils sont incit&eacute;s &agrave; poser des questions, &agrave; exprimer leurs opinions et &agrave; participer activement aux discussions.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Il faut ainsi noter que l&rsquo;approche conscientisante promeut un apprentissage horizontal, remettant donc en question la traditionnelle hi&eacute;rarchie enseignant-&eacute;l&egrave;ve. Selon Doug Reeler (2015&nbsp;:56) encourage un &eacute;change &eacute;gal d&rsquo;id&eacute;es et de connaissances entre enseignants et apprenants. Chacun est consid&eacute;r&eacute; comme un contributeur valable, ind&eacute;pendamment de son r&ocirc;le dans la salle de classe. En r&eacute;sum&eacute;, l&rsquo;inclusion des apprenants en tant que Co-&eacute;ducateurs dans l&rsquo;approche conscientisante vise &agrave; cr&eacute;er un environnement &eacute;ducatif o&ugrave; la collaboration, la participation active et l&rsquo;&eacute;galit&eacute; sont au c&oelig;ur du processus d&rsquo;apprentissage. Cela contribue non seulement &agrave; un &eacute;change de connaissances plus dynamique, mais &eacute;galement &agrave; une compr&eacute;hension approfondie des r&eacute;alit&eacute;s individuelles au sein du groupe. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; margin-bottom:11px; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">4. </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Obstacles d&rsquo;application et perspectives d&rsquo;avenir&nbsp;:</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:34pt; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">La vari&eacute;t&eacute; et l&rsquo;&eacute;volution de l&rsquo;approche conscientisante soulignent la conviction profonde selon laquelle chaque individu, m&ecirc;me le plus d&eacute;favoris&eacute;, poss&egrave;de des ressources internes qui le rendent capable de contribuer de mani&egrave;re plus substantielle, tant au niveau individuel que collectif, aux r&eacute;alit&eacute;s qui le touchent.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Face &agrave; un public alpha, le d&eacute;fi majeur qui se pose est en rapport avec l&rsquo;acceptation de l&rsquo;approche conscientisante dans les &eacute;tablissements ou &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;gard de certaines personnes form&eacute;es et des formateurs m&ecirc;mes &eacute;tant b&eacute;n&eacute;voles des fois. <a href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a> Innover demande un investissement moral et financier des parties prenantes (minist&egrave;res, municipalit&eacute;&hellip;) en dotant le formateur de tous les moyens de confort pour qu&rsquo;il puisse innover et mettre les apprenants &agrave; l&rsquo;aise. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Concernant l&rsquo;&eacute;valuation, les m&eacute;thodes conventionnelles peuvent ne pas &ecirc;tre align&eacute;es sur les principes de l&rsquo;approche conscientisante. Trouver des modalit&eacute;s d&rsquo;&eacute;valuation qui refl&egrave;tent la participation active des apprenants et la construction de connaissances peut &ecirc;tre un d&eacute;fi. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">En envisageant l&rsquo;avenir de l&rsquo;approche conscientisante, plusieurs &eacute;volutions potentielles peuvent contribuer &agrave; son impact sur la r&eacute;duction de l&rsquo;illettrisme &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;chelle mondiale. L&rsquo;incorporation de technologies &eacute;ducatives peut enrichir l&rsquo;approche conscientisante en offrant des outils num&eacute;riques pour l&rsquo;apprentissage collaboratif, la recherche et la communication, notamment dans des contextes o&ugrave; l&rsquo;acc&egrave;s aux ressources est limit&eacute;. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">En outre, des initiatives de collaboration internationale pour partager les meilleures pratiques et les exp&eacute;riences r&eacute;ussies pourraient favoriser une diffusion plus rapide de l&rsquo;approche conscientisante &agrave; travers le monde</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Conclusion&nbsp;:</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:34pt; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">En consid&eacute;rant ces perspectives d&rsquo;avenir, l&rsquo;approche conscientisante pourrait jouer un r&ocirc;le crucial dans la transformation des paradigmes &eacute;ducatifs mondiaux, contribuant ainsi &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;radication de l&rsquo;illettrisme.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Bibliographie&nbsp;:</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">Boal, A. (1980).&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span><em style="font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; orphans:2; widows:2; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-decoration-thickness:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-decoration-color:initial; word-spacing:0px">Stop! </em><em><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="color:black">C&rsquo;est magique.</span></span></span></span></em><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="widows:2"><span style="text-decoration-thickness:initial"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="float:none"><span style="word-spacing:0px">&nbsp;Paris&nbsp;: Hachette, p. 154.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">Freire P. (1971).&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><a href="https://www.cndf-paulofreire.org/leducation-pour-la-liberation/" style="outline:none; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; orphans:2; widows:2; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; word-spacing:0px; color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"><i><span style="border:none windowtext 1.0pt; background:white; padding:0cm"><span style="color:black"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="text-underline:none">L&rsquo;&eacute;ducation pour la lib&eacute;ration</span></span></span></span></i></a><span style="background:white"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="widows:2"><span style="text-decoration-thickness:initial"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="float:none"><span style="word-spacing:0px">, entrevue avec P. Babin, dans : Orientations n&deg;40, Paris, p.29-37.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">Freire P. (1973).&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><a href="https://www.cndf-paulofreire.org/une-pedagogie-de-la-liberte/" style="outline:none; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; orphans:2; widows:2; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; word-spacing:0px; color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"><span style="border:none windowtext 1.0pt; background:white; padding:0cm"><span style="color:black"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="text-underline:none"> Une p&eacute;dagogie de la libert&eacute;</span></span></span></span></a></span></span></span></i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="widows:2"><span style="text-decoration-thickness:initial"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="float:none"><span style="word-spacing:0px">, dans :&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><em style="font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; orphans:2; widows:2; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-decoration-thickness:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-decoration-color:initial; word-spacing:0px"><span style="border:none windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0cm">Preuves</span></em><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="widows:2"><span style="text-decoration-thickness:initial"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="float:none"><span style="word-spacing:0px">&nbsp;n&deg;14, Paris, 2e trimestre, p.55</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Freire P. (1996). </span></span></span><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">La p&eacute;dagogie de l&rsquo;autonomie</span></span></span></i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">&nbsp;<i>: Savoirs n&eacute;cessaires &agrave; l&rsquo;exercice de la pratique &eacute;ducative</i>, Toulouse, Er&egrave;s.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span lang="IT" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Le Boterf G. (1994). </span></span></span><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">De la comp&eacute;tence&nbsp;: Essai sur un attracteur &eacute;trange</span></span></span></i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">, Paris, Les &eacute;ditions d&rsquo;organisation, p.45.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">Reeler<span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="widows:2"><span style="text-decoration-thickness:initial"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="float:none"><span style="word-spacing:0px"> D</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">. (2015).&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span><i><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="widows:2"><span style="text-decoration-thickness:initial"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="word-spacing:0px">Au fondement de l&rsquo;apprentissage horizontal&nbsp;: les conditions d&rsquo;un d&eacute;veloppement efficient</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></i>,&nbsp;<em style="font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; orphans:2; widows:2; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-decoration-thickness:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-decoration-color:initial; word-spacing:0px">Humanitaire</em><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="orphans:2"><span style="widows:2"><span style="text-decoration-thickness:initial"><span style="text-decoration-style:initial"><span style="text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="float:none"><span style="word-spacing:0px">, 41, p.56-67.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-bottom:11px">&nbsp;</p> <div>&nbsp; <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a> <span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">La po&eacute;tique de l&rsquo;opprim&eacute; d&eacute;signe l&rsquo;ensemble th&eacute;orique qui sous-tend la pratique du Th&eacute;&acirc;tre de l&rsquo;opprim&eacute;, ses assises politiques, son fonctionnement en tant que m&eacute;thode, ainsi que ses enjeux esth&eacute;tiques.</span></span></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn2"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><a href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a> <span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">Cette p&eacute;dagogie, &eacute;labor&eacute;e par Freinet au d&eacute;but du XX<sup>e</sup>&nbsp;si&egrave;cle, propose un renouvellement radical de la p&eacute;dagogie en favorisant l&rsquo;autonomie et l&rsquo;expression des &eacute;l&egrave;ves, la coop&eacute;ration, ainsi qu&rsquo;en cherchant &agrave; se d&eacute;faire de la position hi&eacute;rarchique endoss&eacute;e par l&rsquo;enseignant&middot;e.</span></span></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn3"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><a href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a> <span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">Les Centres d&rsquo;Entra&icirc;nement aux M&eacute;thodes d&rsquo;&Eacute;ducation Active sont un mouvement d&rsquo;&eacute;ducation populaire, dont l&rsquo;activit&eacute; comporte une branche &laquo;&nbsp;jeu dramatique&nbsp;&raquo;, qui s&rsquo;est profond&eacute;ment impr&eacute;gn&eacute;e des principes du Th&eacute;&acirc;tre de l&rsquo;opprim&eacute; &agrave; la fin des ann&eacute;es&nbsp;1970.</span></span></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn4"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><a href="#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a> <span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Au Maroc par exemple, le minist&egrave;re de l&rsquo;&eacute;ducation nationale organise des sessions de formation dans des &eacute;tablissements scolaires primaires, et la personne charg&eacute;e de dispenser le cours se porte volontaire et peut recevoir une indemnit&eacute; en fin d&rsquo;action. </span></span></span></p> </div> </div>