<h1 class="western"><b>Introduction</b></h1> <p align="justify" class="western" style="margin-left:-4px"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">Inspirer les territoires </span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">&agrave; l&#39;&eacute;chelle plan&eacute;tair</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">e</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal"> afin d&#39;appr&eacute;hende</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">r</span></strong><strong> </strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">l&#39;effondrement &eacute;cologique (Servigne et Stevens, 2015</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">)</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal"> sur une base </span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">cr&eacute;</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">ative </span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">synergique </span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">facilitant l&#39;hybr</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">i</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">dation de</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal"> cultures locale</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">s </span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">diversifi&eacute;es </span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">et r&eacute;g&eacute;n&eacute;ratives c</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">onstitue une r&eacute;elle n&eacute;cessit&eacute; afin de garantir un avenir viable et p&eacute;renne pour notre esp&egrave;ce. Il semble, d&egrave;s lors, n&eacute;cessaire d&#39;exp&eacute;rimenter de nouvelles strat&eacute;gies de </span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">transformation social</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">e </span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">visant &agrave; favoriser d&#39;une part la prise de conscience concernant cette n&eacute;cessaire &eacute;volution, et d&#39;autre part inspirer les territoires &agrave; s&#39;engager dans une d&eacute;marche exp&eacute;rimentale citoyenne </span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">rigoureuse, cr&eacute;ative et m&eacute;thodiqu</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">e</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">. Pour tenter d&#39;appr&eacute;hender ce d&eacute;fi extraordinairement complexe, nous avon</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">s con&ccedil;u </span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">un mod&egrave;le de d&eacute;veloppement territorial (ImagineerInt) </span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">qui permet la mise en &oelig;uvre d&#39;u</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">ne discipline s</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">ociotransformationnelle </span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">nomm&eacute;e &laquo;&nbsp;imaginierie territoriale strat&eacute;gique&nbsp;&raquo; (</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">abr&eacute;g&eacute;e en MAGIVOLUTION).</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal"> Celle-ci vise &agrave; stimuler les &laquo;&nbsp;d&eacute;sirs </span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">e</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">utop&eacute;ens<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="#sdfootnote1sym" name="sdfootnote1anc"><sup>1</sup></a>&raquo;</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal"> des individus afin de les transformer en acteurs territoriaux engag&eacute;s (</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">su</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">r une base motivationnelle intrins&egrave;que</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">) </span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">dans la r&eacute;alisation d&#39;un futur socialement souhaitable e</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">t p&eacute;renne, en phase avec u</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">ne </span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">r&eacute;alit&eacute; &eacute;cologique de plus en plus complexe et probl&eacute;matique</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">.</span></strong></font></font></font></span></span></p> <h1 class="western"><b>Probl&eacute;matique</b></h1> <p align="justify" class="western" style="margin-left:-4px"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">La probl&eacute;matique que nous avons choisi</span></span><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">e</span></span><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> est la suivante&nbsp;: Comment faciliter matriciellement la transcendance de savoir pour la r&eacute;g&eacute;n&eacute;ration de syst&egrave;mes sociaux &eacute;voluant dans la complexit&eacute; croissante&nbsp;?</span></span></font></font></font></span></span></p> <h1 class="western"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><b>La m&eacute;thodologie de </b></span></span></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><b>design organisationnel</b></span></span></font><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><b> </b></span></span></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><b>&eacute;labor&eacute;e e</b></span></span></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><b>t</b></span></span></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><b> </b></span></span></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><b>mobilis&eacute;</b></span></span></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><b>e </b></span></span></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><b>pour faciliter la </b></span></span></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><b>transformation social</b></span></span></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><b>e </b></span></span></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><b>dans un contexte de complexit&eacute; croi</b></span></span></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><b>ssante</b></span></span></font></font></em></h1> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">Nous avons con&ccedil;u notre m&eacute;thodologie de recherche &ndash; action imaginierie territoriale strat&eacute;gique (MAGIVOLUTION) dans un contexte &laquo;&nbsp;post-normal&nbsp;&raquo; de complexit&eacute; croissante (Morin, 1990&nbsp;; Sardar,&nbsp;2010&nbsp;; Nijs, 2014), caract&eacute;ris&eacute;e notamment par un effondrement &eacute;cologique. Notre travail de design prend donc intrins&egrave;quement en compte les probl&eacute;matiques de d&eacute;perdition de sens<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="#sdfootnote2sym" name="sdfootnote2anc"><sup>2</sup></a> de nos soci&eacute;t&eacute;s hyperconnect&eacute;es bas&eacute;es sur un &laquo;&nbsp;positivisme algorithmique&nbsp;&raquo; (Boullier, 2015). En d&#39;autres termes, notre m&eacute;thodologie a pour but de faciliter le d&eacute;veloppement d&#39;une r&eacute;elle intelligence collective au service de la transformation sociale pour la p&eacute;rennit&eacute; du vivant dans un monde de plus en plus complexe compte tenu de multiples probl&egrave;mes interreli&eacute;s (crise climatique, crise &eacute;nerg&eacute;tique, crise sociale,&hellip;).</font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">Notre travail consid&egrave;re l</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">es organisation</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">s sociales</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal"> comme des syst&egrave;mes complexes &eacute;volutif</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">s, ce qui </span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">exig</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">e </span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">selon l&#39;experte en transformation organisationnelle Diane Nijs (2014, p.121</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">)</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal"> une m&eacute;thodologie appropri&eacute;e&nbsp;: des approches, des m&eacute;thodes et des outils ad&eacute;quats pour les &eacute;tudier e</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">t</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal"> les aider &agrave; &eacute;voluer.</span></strong></font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">Not</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">r</span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal">e</span></strong> m&eacute;thodologie de recherche &ndash; action tente ainsi d&#39;introduire et d&#39;exp&eacute;rimenter dans le champ social une approche originale de transformation sociale, ancr&eacute;e dans l&#39;&eacute;pist&eacute;mologie de l&#39;invention<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="#sdfootnote3sym" name="sdfootnote3anc"><sup>3</sup></a> et la science ouverte citoyenne<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="#sdfootnote4sym" name="sdfootnote4anc"><sup>4</sup></a>. L&#39;objectif est, par ce biais, de faciliter l&#39;&eacute;volution dynamique (sur une base cr&eacute;ative ouverte, distribu&eacute;e de pair-&agrave;-pair et auto-&eacute;mergente) de syst&egrave;mes sociaux de types complexes et &eacute;volutifs (r&eacute;g&eacute;n&eacute;ratifs<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="#sdfootnote5sym" name="sdfootnote5anc"><sup>5</sup></a>). L&#39;&eacute;volution renvoie ici aux analyses de Mang et Haggard (2016, p.10), d&eacute;finie comme &laquo;&nbsp;le fait de tendre vers de nouveaux niveaux d&#39;ordre, de diff&eacute;rentiation et d&#39;organisation&nbsp;&raquo;. Cette approche vise &agrave; relier le champ social &agrave; celui de la recherche scientifique, en vue d&#39;appr&eacute;hender collectivement &ndash; &agrave; l&#39;&eacute;chelle territoriale et inter-territoriale &ndash; des hyperobjets<font color="#000000"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="#sdfootnote6sym" name="sdfootnote6anc"><sup>6</sup></a></span></span></font> complexes comme l&#39;effondrement &eacute;cologique, par le biais d&#39;une hybridation, suivie d&#39;une transcendance<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="#sdfootnote7sym" name="sdfootnote7anc"><sup>7</sup></a> puis d&#39;une ma&icirc;trise de savoir. La transcendance de savoir renvoie dans notre analyse &agrave; une mutation culturelle et intellectuelle bas&eacute;e sur le fait de &laquo;&nbsp;d&eacute;passer tout en incluant&nbsp;&raquo; une technique d&eacute;j&agrave; ma&icirc;tris&eacute;e (outils et proc&eacute;dures au c&oelig;ur du fonctionnement d&#39;un syst&egrave;me social) afin d&#39;explorer de nouveaux horizons d&#39;innovation sociale. Ces derniers permettraient,<i> in fine</i>, la r&eacute;alisation d&#39;un nouvel ordre social (comme mani&egrave;re de s&#39;auto-organiser) conduisant &agrave; une &eacute;volution durable (car r&eacute;g&eacute;n&eacute;rative) dans la complexit&eacute; croissante via de nouveaux savoirs ma&icirc;tris&eacute;s. Ce processus de MAGIVOLUTION repose sur trois praxis fondamentales&nbsp;:</font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">-&nbsp;L&#39;intelligence strat&eacute;gique&nbsp;: Comme gestion de l&#39;information, des connaissances, des savoirs et des ignorances en vue de renforcer les capacit&eacute;s d&#39;analyse, de d&eacute;cision et d&#39;action pour une organisation, permettant de s&#39;adapter &agrave; un environnement complexe ou d&#39;influencer celui-ci. Les dimensions fondamentales de l&#39;intelligence strat&eacute;gique sont, dans le cadre de la MAGIVOLUTION, l&#39;intelligence &eacute;conomique (Besson et Possin, 2001), l&#39;intelligence territoriale (Bertacchini, 2004, 2006, 2012&nbsp;; Herbaux, 2007) et l&#39;intelligence inventive (Besson et Uhl, 2012)&nbsp;;</font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">-&nbsp;L&#39;imaginierie strat&eacute;gique&nbsp;: Comme conception de strat&eacute;gies de transformation organisationnelle dans la complexit&eacute; (Nijs, 2014, 2019)&nbsp;; et</font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">-&nbsp;L&#39;&eacute;ducation populaire&nbsp;: Comme travail de la culture et par la culture dans la transformation sociale (Maurel, 2010).</font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-weight:normal">Le</span></font><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-weight:normal"> dialogue </span></font><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-weight:normal">entre ces </span></font><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-weight:normal">diff&eacute;rentes mais compl&eacute;mentai</span></font><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-weight:normal">res</span></font><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-weight:normal"> praxis </span></font><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-weight:normal">repose sur u</span></font><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-weight:normal">ne approche d&#39;intelligence </span></font><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-weight:normal">collective </span></font><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-weight:normal">cr&eacute;ative (Nussbaum, 2012) et collaborative (Markova et McArth</span></font><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-weight:normal">ur,&nbsp;</span></font><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="font-weight:normal">2015).</span></font></font></font></font></span></span></p> <h2 class="western"><em><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><b><span style="background:#ffffff">L&#39;imaginierie strat&eacute;giqu</span></b></span></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><b><span style="background:#ffffff">e et l&#39;&eacute;ducatio</span></b></span></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><b><span style="background:#ffffff">n populaire </span></b></span></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><b><span style="background:#ffffff">comme pilier</span></b></span></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><b><span style="background:#ffffff">s</span></b></span></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><b><span style="background:#ffffff"> prax&eacute;ologique</span></b></span></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><b><span style="background:#ffffff">s </span></b></span></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><b><span style="background:#ffffff">fondamen</span></b></span></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><b><span style="background:#ffffff">taux</span></b></span></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><b> </b></span></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><b><span style="background:#ffffff">supportant et encadrant le</span></b></span></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><b><span style="background:#ffffff"> processus de MAGIVOLUTION</span></b></span></font></em></h2> <h3 class="western"><strong><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><b>Pr&eacute;sentation de l&#39;imaginierie strat&eacute;gique</b></font></font></font></strong></h3> <p align="justify"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><a name="__DdeLink__150080_561345333"></a> <font face="Liberation Serif, serif"><font size="3"><font style="font-size: 12pt"><strong><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">L&#39;imaginierie constitue un m&eacute;lange linguistique entre l&#39;imagination cr&eacute;ative et le savoir-faire technique. </span></font></font></font></strong><strong><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">Ell</span></font></font></font></strong><strong><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">e </span></font></font></font></strong><strong><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">combine plusieurs mots (i</span></font></font></font></strong><strong><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><i><span style="font-weight:normal">magination,</span></i></font></font></font></strong><strong><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"> e</span></font></font></font></strong><strong><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><i><span style="font-weight:normal">ngine e</span></i></font></font></font></strong><strong><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">t e</span></font></font></font></strong><strong><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><i><span style="font-weight:normal">ngineering)</span></i></font></font></font></strong><strong><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">, ainsi que leurs d&eacute;finitions respectives. Diane Nijs (2014,&nbsp;p.&nbsp;188) d&eacute;finit l&#39;imaginierie comme &laquo;&nbsp;la conception d&#39;un r&eacute;cit qui va allumer et encadrer strat&eacute;giquement la cr&eacute;ativit&eacute; collective&nbsp;&raquo;. L&rsquo;imaginierie connote un nouveau ph&eacute;nom&egrave;ne&nbsp;: la valorisation de la cr&eacute;ation de valeur par l&#39;utilisation ou la conception d&#39;une image faisant appel &agrave; l&#39;imagination des acteurs individuels dans un collectif. Cette image (ou artefact) permet &agrave; ces acteurs de percevoir un nouvel horizon d&#39;innovation pour le collectif qu&#39;ils n&#39;ont pas pu voir avant. Elle les invite et leur permet d&#39;interagir les uns avec les autres de fa&ccedil;on cr&eacute;ative vers la direction envisag&eacute;e, afin de &laquo;&nbsp;changer les routines existantes&nbsp;&raquo;. Elle qualifie la m&eacute;thode d&#39;imaginierie d&#39;&laquo;&nbsp;approche de design&nbsp;&raquo;. L&#39;artefact est</span></font></font></font></strong><strong><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">, ainsi</span></font></font></font></strong><strong><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">, </span></font></font></font></strong><strong><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">essentiel dans la cr&eacute;ation de dialogue au sein de l&rsquo;organisation. L&#39;imaginierie constitue, en d&#39;autres termes, une approche de design adapt&eacute;e &agrave; la complexit&eacute; (Morin, </span></font></font></font></strong><strong><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">1990</span></font></font></font></strong><strong><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">) permettant de d&eacute;velopper une auto-organisation &eacute;mergeant d&rsquo;une cr&eacute;ativit&eacute; collective, et qui tend vers u</span></font></font></font></strong><strong><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">n</span></font></font></font></strong><strong><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">e </span></font></font></font></strong><strong><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">direction envisag&eacute;e strat&eacute;giquement. Cette m&eacute;thode de design organisationnel mobilise l&#39;action cr&eacute;ative collective en recadrant les situations complexes en une d&eacute;marche inspirante et non obligatoire (Nijs,&nbsp;p.40). L&rsquo;originalit&eacute; de l&#39;imaginierie strat&eacute;gique est, qu&rsquo;en r&eacute;ponse &agrave; la connaissance imparfaite et &agrave; l&rsquo;incertitude de l&rsquo;environnement, une image est utilis&eacute;e (Ratcliffe,&nbsp;2006a,&nbsp;2006b, 2011). Elle permettra la cr&eacute;ation de nouvelles connexions l&agrave; o&ugrave; il n&#39;y en avait pas auparavant. Ces nouvelles connexions aident les acteurs &agrave; envisager une nouvelle action possible. L&#39;articulation linguistique de cette image leur permet de r&eacute;fl&eacute;chir collectivement et de fa&ccedil;on cr&eacute;ative sur ce nouvel horizon. En tant que tel, l&#39;imaginierie peut donc &ecirc;tre consid&eacute;r&eacute;e comme un moyen d&#39;&eacute;laboration de strat&eacute;gies dans la complexit&eacute;.</span></font></font></font></strong></font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Serif, serif"><font size="3"><font style="font-size: 12pt"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">Dimitrov (2003) souligne qu&#39;am&eacute;liorer les syst&egrave;mes vivants n&eacute;cessite de planter et nourrir des attracteurs en harmonie avec le pouvoir auto-organisant de la complexit&eacute; et de retirer les obstacles qui emp&ecirc;chent ce pouvoir de se r&eacute;aliser. </font></font></font><strong><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">L&#39;artefact po&eacute;tique de l&#39;imaginierie territoriale strat&eacute;gique vise, dans le cadre de notre travail de recherche &ndash; action, &agrave; </span></font></font></font></strong><strong><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">faciliter</span></font></font></font></strong><strong><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"> la &laquo;&nbsp;transformation par l&#39;inspiration&nbsp;&raquo; de territoires vers des organisations cr&eacute;atives, </span></font></font></font></strong><strong><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">hologrammiques<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="#sdfootnote8sym" name="sdfootnote8anc"><sup>8</sup></a></span></font></font></font></strong><strong><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"> et &eacute;volutives. </span></font></font></font></strong><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">L&#39;&eacute;mergence </font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">est ainsi</font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">, dans le cadre de strat&eacute;gies d&#39;&eacute;volution d&#39;un syst&egrave;me organisationnel Magitopi</font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">que,</font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"> centr&eacute;e sur la poursuite et r&eacute;alisation d&#39;une </font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">visio</font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">n eutopique</font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"> collectivement d&eacute;sir&eacute;e. La structure intrins&egrave;quement capacitante et cr&eacute;ative du syst&egrave;me Magitopique vise ainsi &agrave; favoriser l&#39;&eacute;mergence de nouvelles possibilit&eacute;s d&#39;&eacute;volution au sein d&#39;un nouvel &laquo;&nbsp;horizon d&#39;innovation&nbsp;&raquo;. Ces possibilit&eacute;s initialement insoup&ccedil;onn&eacute;es sont autant de d&eacute;couvertes permettant de stimuler la dynamique </font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">inventive r&eacute;g&eacute;n&eacute;rative</font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"> et de lutter contre l&#39;enfermement des acteurs dans une r&eacute;alit&eacute; </font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">statiqu</font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">e</font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"> logico-rationnelle au profit d&#39;une r&eacute;alit&eacute; cr&eacute;ative intrins&egrave;quement complexe. Le</font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"> d&eacute;fi est ici de </span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">pr&eacute;server &agrave; la fois l&rsquo;essence du message encod&eacute; ainsi que la libert&eacute; d&rsquo;interpr&eacute;tation et d&rsquo;expression des acteurs territoriaux concern&eacute;s afin de stimuler la cr&eacute;ativit&eacute; et l&rsquo;innovation </font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">sociale</font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"> </font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">des territoires.</font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"> En d&#39;autres termes, </font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">faciliter</font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"> l&#39;apprentissage et la progression permanente du territoire par le biais de la gestion efficace de l&#39;&laquo;&nbsp;&eacute;nergie </font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">cr&eacute;ative&nbsp;&raquo; </font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">en son sein,</font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"> constitu&eacute;e par les tensions organisationnelles de type imaginatives ou &laquo;&nbsp;tensions d&#39;opportunit&eacute;s cr&eacute;&eacute;es&nbsp;&raquo; (Lichtenstein,&nbsp;2009).</font></font></font></font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><em><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal">Nijs (p.198) souligne qu&#39;un &laquo;&nbsp;concept &eacute;lev&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo; doit &ecirc;tre con&ccedil;u afin de traduire ce processus d&#39;innovation au niveau de l&#39;organisation collective. Cet encodage narratif est destin&eacute; &agrave; </span></font></em><em><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal">mobiliser et puiser</span></font></em><em><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal"> dans la cr&eacute;ativit&eacute; du </span></font></em><em><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal">collecti</span></font></em><em><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal">f dans le but d&#39;e</span></font></em><em><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal">nrichir les </span></font></em><em><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal">r&eacute;cits</span></font></em><em><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal"> / interpr&eacute;tations d&eacute;riv&eacute;s des acteurs individuels, chacun dans leur contexte personnel (p.203). </span></font></em><em><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal">L</span></font></em><em><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal">&#39;objecti</span></font></em><em><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal">f est une participation du plus grand nombre d&#39;acteurs </span></font></em><em><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal">pour </span></font></em><em><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal">produire des </span></font></em><em><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal">r&eacute;cit</span></font></em><em><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal">s</span></font></em><em><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal"> d&eacute;riv&eacute;s ayant des effets synergiques sur l&#39;histoire </span></font></em><em><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal">globale. Puisque chaque acteur</span></font></em><em><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal"> poss&egrave;de un </span></font></em><em><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal">champ</span></font></em><em><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal"> exp&eacute;rientiel unique et </span></font></em><em><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal">pro</span></font></em><em><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal">duit </span></font></em><em><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal">une interaction singuli&egrave;re avec l&#39;environnement </span></font></em><em><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal">(</span></font></em><em><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal">en travaillant dans diff&eacute;rents secteurs au sein d&#39;une organisation cr&eacute;ative</span></font></em><em><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal">), la</span></font></em><em><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal"> source de la cr&eacute;ativit&eacute; et l&#39;application </span></font></em><em><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-style:normal">sera plus &eacute;tendue.</span></font></em></font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Serif, serif"><font size="3"><font style="font-size: 12pt"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">Cet objet artistique et cette construction narrative s&#39;accompagnent, dans le cadre de notre travail de recherche &ndash; action, d&#39;un ensemble d&#39;outils et </font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">d</font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">e </font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">processus permettant la poursuite &eacute;clair&eacute;e de cette direction eutopique collectivement d&eacute;sir&eacute;e.</font></font></font></font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">Consid&eacute;rer</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal"> la cr&eacute;ativit&eacute; en tant que </span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">processus syst&eacute;mique ou collectif mobilise </span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">don</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">c un</span></font><font color="#000000"> </font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">artefac</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">t </span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">pour stimuler et encadrer l&#39;imagination collectiv</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">e en &laquo;&nbsp;recalibrant la normalit&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo;.</span></font><font color="#000000"> </font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">Cet artefact</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal"> active et inspire </span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">ainsi</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal"> de tels processus</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal"> (</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">p.181</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">)&nbsp;: </span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">il e</span></font><strong><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">s</span></span></span></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">t </span></span></span></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">donc</span></span></span></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> essentiel dans la cr&eacute;ation de dialogue au sein de l&rsquo;organisation, </span></span></span></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">en jouant </span></span></span></font></strong><em><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">le r&ocirc;le de &laquo;&nbsp;</span></span></span></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">m</span></span></span></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">&eacute;canisme &eacute;volutionnaire&nbsp;&raquo; dans lequel est encod&eacute; une vision cr&eacute;ative souhaitable </span></span></span></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">et d&eacute;sirable</span></span></span></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">.</span></span></span></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font size="3"><font style="font-size: 12pt"> </font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">L&#39;acronyme MAGI </span></span></span></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">constitue l&#39;</span></span></span></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">artefac</span></span></span></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">t principal d</span></span></span></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">e notre mod&egrave;le de d&eacute;veloppement social ImagineerInt, </span></span></span></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">et par extension du processus de transformat</span></span></span></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">i</span></span></span></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">on sociale MAGIVOLUTION.</span></span></span></font></em></font></font></font></span></span></p> <h3 class="western"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><b>L&#39;artefact linguistique comme &laquo;&nbsp;moteur de tension adaptative&nbsp;&raquo; stimulant la dynamique &eacute;volutive de l&#39;organisation</b></font></font></h3> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">Dans l&#39;industrie du cin&eacute;ma, l&#39;artefact linguistique qui enflamme et inspire la cr&eacute;ativit&eacute; collective est appel&eacute; le &laquo;&nbsp;concept &eacute;lev&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo; <i>(high concept)</i>. Dans le langage de la complexit&eacute;, cette construction qui active et &eacute;voque les processus d&#39;&eacute;mergence est appel&eacute; le &laquo;&nbsp;moteur de tension adaptative&nbsp;&raquo;, r&eacute;v&eacute;lant la dynamique des structures dissipatives&nbsp;: fluctuation, recombinaison, r&eacute;troaction positive et stabilisation. C&#39;est, selon Nijs (p.321), ce moteur de tension adaptative qui peut induire l&#39;&laquo;&nbsp;effet papillon&nbsp;&raquo;, i.e., l&#39;effet d&#39;ondulation &agrave; travers un &eacute;cosyst&egrave;me, amplifi&eacute; par toutes les interpr&eacute;tations qui se construisent les unes sur les autres, faisant &eacute;merger quelque chose de &laquo;&nbsp;grand&nbsp;&raquo;. Ainsi, la question fondamentale concerne la mani&egrave;re de concevoir le moteur de tension adaptative afin d&#39;&eacute;voquer le processus de cr&eacute;ativit&eacute; collective, et ce qu&#39;elle nomme &laquo;&nbsp;l&#39;&eacute;mergence imaginative&nbsp;&raquo; (p.144). Il est &eacute;galement important, selon cette chercheuse, de se demander comment il est possible de maintenir ce processus de cr&eacute;ativit&eacute; collective durable sur le long terme.</font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><a name="result_box5"></a> <font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">Les sp&eacute;cialistes de la complexit&eacute; ont identifi&eacute; deux facteurs distincts d&#39;&eacute;mergence&nbsp;:</font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">-&nbsp;Une dynamique loin de l&#39;&eacute;quilibre qui d&eacute;clenche la cr&eacute;ation d&#39;ordre&nbsp;; et</font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">-&nbsp;La tension adaptative (McKelvey, 2004) qui peut pousser un syst&egrave;me vers l&#39;instabilit&eacute;, conduisant &agrave; l&#39;&eacute;mergence d&#39;un nouvel ordre.</font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">Nijs souligne que lorsque les deux sont li&eacute;s et que leur encadrement est fondamentalement diff&eacute;rent, ce qui donne une perspective diff&eacute;rente de la causalit&eacute;. L&#39;approche loin de l&#39;&eacute;quilibre se r&eacute;f&egrave;re &agrave; un &eacute;tat d&#39;&ecirc;tre, &agrave; une condition qui d&eacute;clenche le changement&nbsp;: un syst&egrave;me entier se d&eacute;place dans un r&eacute;gime qui est loin de l&#39;&eacute;quilibre. Ce d&eacute;placement conduit &agrave; des non-lin&eacute;arit&eacute;s, des tensions adaptatives, et finalement &agrave; des perturbations de nouveaut&eacute; qui conduisent &agrave; un nouvel ordre (Lichtenstein, 2009).</font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">Notre mod&egrave;le de d&eacute;veloppement territorial ImagineerInt int&egrave;gre pleinement les tensions adaptatives au c&oelig;ur de la dynamique &eacute;volutive des organisations territoriales. Celles-ci sont de deux natures (id.)&nbsp;:</font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">-&nbsp;Les tensions d&#39;opportunit&eacute;s reconnues&nbsp;; et</font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">-&nbsp;Les tensions imaginatives d&#39;opportunit&eacute;s cr&eacute;&eacute;es.</font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><a name="result_box4"></a> <font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">L&#39;approche de la tension adaptative sugg&egrave;re un ordre presque oppos&eacute;&nbsp;: c&#39;est l&#39;augmentation de la tension d&#39;adaptation qui entra&icirc;ne le syst&egrave;me loin de sa norme d&#39;&eacute;quilibre. C&#39;est, pour Nijs, une urgence ressentie internalement &agrave; agir qui conduit &agrave; l&#39;&eacute;mergence d&#39;un nouvel ordre.</font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><em><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">Lichtenstein sugg&egrave;re de parler de &laquo;&nbsp;tension d&#39;opportunit&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo; comme concept alternatif &agrave; &laquo;&nbsp;tension adaptative&nbsp;&raquo;, celui-ci captant &eacute;galement la passion entrepreneuriale inh&eacute;rente &agrave; la poursuite de la cr&eacute;ation d&#39;ordr</span></span></span></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">e </span></span></span></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">et </span></span></span></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">d&#39;&eacute;mergence</span></span></span></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">. C&#39;est cette tension d&#39;opportunit&eacute; ressentie en interne qui pousse un agent &agrave; agir.</span></span></span></font></em></font></font></font></span></span></p> <h3 class="western"><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><b>Pr&eacute;sentation de </b></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><b>l&#39;</b></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><b>&eacute;ducation populaire </b></span></span></font></font></font></font></em></h3> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">Le sociologue </span></span><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">Christian Maurel</span></span> <span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">(</span></span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">2010</span></span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">) d&eacute;finit l&#39;&eacute;ducation populaire comme le travail de la culture dans la transformation sociale </span></span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">et politique</span></span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> (</span></span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">p.</span></span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">7</span></span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">3)</span></span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">, </span></span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">favorisant l&#39;&eacute;mancipation et la capacit&eacute; d&#39;agir de chacun dans un cadre collecti</span></span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">f (p.</span></span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">158</span></span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">). </span></span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">Ce sociologue</span></span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> affirme (</span></span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">p.204-</span></span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">205</span></span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">) que l&#39;&eacute;ducation populaire est &agrave; la fois une intelligence collecti</span></span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">ve et un patrimoine d&#39;exp&eacute;riences, les deux &eacute;tant li&eacute;s. Elle constitue, en d&#39;autres termes, un ensemble d&#39;&ecirc;tre au monde et d&#39;agir sur lui&nbsp;: une praxis organis&eacute;e en processus et proc&eacute;dures, de mani&egrave;res de faire et de proc&eacute;d&eacute;s test&eacute;s, valid&eacute;s ou r&eacute;interrog&eacute;s par l&#39;exp&eacute;rience</span></span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">, </span></span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">transmis et mis en commun. La d&eacute;marche d&#39;&eacute;ducation populaire favorise, pour Maurel (p.182), l&#39;&eacute;closion et la formalisation de savoirs sur un sujet que, jusque l&agrave;, les individus ne se sentaient pas autoris&eacute;s &agrave; traiter, &agrave; la fois en tant qu&#39;individu et en tant qu&#39;acteur social. L&#39;analyse de la diversit&eacute; des exp&eacute;riences met en &eacute;vidence que tout acte est, peu ou prou, culturel, toujours marqu&eacute; par des repr&eacute;sentations esth&eacute;tiques qui viennent travailler les relations aux autres, les consciences de soi, la vie collective et la place que nous sommes appel&eacute;s &agrave; y occuper.</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">L&#39;&eacute;ducation nourrit, selon Maurel </span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">(p</span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">.12-13), cette vision prospective comme le mouvement ouvrier a pu nourrir le socialisme utopique et scientifique du 19&egrave;me si&egrave;cle. C&#39;est, selon lui, en ce sens qu&#39;elle peut contribuer, &agrave; condition d&#39;en r&eacute;actualiser la r&eacute;flexion et les pratiques, &agrave; augmenter la puissance de penser et d&#39;agir du peuple et de ses intellectuels. Elle tient cette capacit&eacute; de sa nature m&ecirc;me et de son mode d&#39;&eacute;mergence et de construction historique&nbsp;: elle est &agrave; la fois </span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">praxis de transformation et pens&eacute;e de cette transformation, du monde comme de la sienne propre. Pierre Rosanvallon (2006) a soulign&eacute;, dans le cadre d&#39;une r&eacute;flexion collective </span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">(nomm&eacute;e &laquo;&nbsp;nouvelle critique sociale&nbsp;&raquo;)</span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"> associant chercheurs et acteurs sociaux, la &laquo;&nbsp;volont&eacute; de faire de la politique autrement en articulant information, formation et projet&nbsp;&raquo;. Pour lui, &laquo;&nbsp;cette dimension d&#39;&eacute;ducation populaire&nbsp;&raquo; porteuse d&#39;une &laquo;&nbsp;d&eacute;mocratie d&#39;interaction&nbsp;&raquo; et d&#39;&laquo;&nbsp;interpellation&nbsp;&raquo; permet de s&#39;engager dans une &laquo;&nbsp;construction d&eacute;mocratique des conflits&nbsp;&raquo; et d&#39;incarner une &laquo;&nbsp;culture de la d&eacute;lib&eacute;ration&nbsp;&raquo;, ce que les partis politiques sont incapables de faire. Les sciences humaines travaillent, </span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">d&#39;apr&egrave;</span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">s</span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"> Maurel (</span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">p.</span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">36), &agrave; l&#39;&eacute;lucidation des rapports et des transformations de la soci&eacute;t&eacute;. Une nouvelle figure de l&#39;intellectuel &eacute;merge alors, un &laquo;&nbsp;intellectuel impliqu&eacute;, chercheur associ&eacute; &agrave; la soci&eacute;t&eacute; civile, (&hellip;) qui </span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">produit &agrave; la fois la critique et l&#39;outil&nbsp;&raquo;.</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">Selon ce sociologue, l&#39;&eacute;ducation populaire part d&#39;un postulat&nbsp;: le monde et les rapports sociaux ne peuvent rester en l&#39;&eacute;tat et les transformations de soci&eacute;t&eacute; en cours ne peuvent &agrave; elles seules produire les changements n&eacute;cessaires<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="#sdfootnote9sym" name="sdfootnote9anc"><sup>9</sup></a>. Maurel d&eacute;fend que la transformation sociale d&eacute;signe la posture d&#39;acteurs engag&eacute;s dans la transformation r&eacute;fl&eacute;chie de la soci&eacute;t&eacute; et dans la production d&#39;autres rapports sociaux et politiques entre les hommes. Dans la transformation sociale, nous avons ainsi &agrave; faire &agrave; des postures d&#39;acteurs qui entendent configurer autrement le monde et prendre en main leur destin&eacute;e. Il rajoute (p.41) que l&#39;on rencontre la culture &agrave; tous les &eacute;tages de l&#39;organisation sociale.</font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><strong><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">Pour Maurel, l&#39;&eacute;ducation</span></span></span></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> populaire connote le saisissement et le ressaisissement du peuple par lui-m&ecirc;me, lui permettant de s&#39;extraire des transformations de soci&eacute;t&eacute; qu&#39;il subit et de s&#39;engager dans une transformation sociale qu&#39;il a la force de conduire et qui </span></span></span></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">lui donne sa conscience subjective et sa structuration objective. Elle constitue, selon lui, un </span></span></span></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">ensemble de pratiques trans-</span></span></span></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">c</span></span></span></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">hamps. </span></span></span></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">Il souligne</span></span></span></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> (p.82) que &laquo;&nbsp;</span></span></span></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">Parce qu&rsquo;elle</span></span></span></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> transforme le n&eacute;gatif en positif, l&#39;&eacute;ducation populaire n&#39;est en aucun cas l&#39;inculcation du m&ecirc;me, mais au contrai</span></span></span></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">re, </span></span></span></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">construction d&#39;un autrement et d&#39;un ailleurs, d&eacute;sir, plaisir et joie, passion gai</span></span></span></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">e et, au-del&agrave;, quand les cha&icirc;nes des contraintes se </span></span></span></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">desserrent</span></span></span></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">, le bonheur d&#39;agir et de cr&eacute;er&nbsp;&raquo;.</span></span></span></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"> </font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">L&#39;&eacute;ducation populaire est &agrave; </span></span></span></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">l&rsquo;&oelig;uvre</span></span></span></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> dans la tension entre les d&eacute;terminismes qui contraignent les individus et les aspirations qui font d&#39;eux des acteurs. Elle y est ainsi &agrave; </span></span></span></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">l&rsquo;&oelig;uvre</span></span></span></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> dans un travail de reconfiguration du monde, qui est de nature culturelle. Celui-ci transforme les choses et les rapports que les hommes entretiennent avec elles. Comme dans toute praxis, compr&eacute;hension et transformation y sont intimement li&eacute;es, dans un processus complexe de m&eacute;thodes et d&#39;exp&eacute;riences porteuses d&#39;&eacute;mancipation individuelle et collective et de nouvelles capacit&eacute;s d&eacute;mocratiques d&#39;agir.</span></span></span></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> Il rajoute que ce processus et ces m&eacute;thodes travaillent et s&#39;&eacute;prouvent dans des situations concr&egrave;tes, complexes, contradictoires, et n&eacute;cessairement conflictuelles.</span></span></span></font></strong></font></font></font></span></span></p> <h2 class="western"><strong><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><b>Analyse de la m&eacute;thodologie MAGIVOLUTION</b></span></span></font></strong></h2> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">La m&eacute;thodologie MAGIVOLUTION est con&ccedil;ue <i><span style="text-decoration:none">par design </span></i>pour faciliter le processus de transformation sociale sur la base d&#39;une augmentation constante d&#39;ordre cr&eacute;atif capacitant. Elle permet ainsi de lutter contre les ph&eacute;nom&egrave;nes d&#39;entropie sociale et psychique (que nous d&eacute;finissons de mani&egrave;re synth&eacute;tique comme une dispersion cognitive affaiblissant les capacit&eacute;s d&#39;un groupe social &agrave; se transformer dans la complexit&eacute;).</font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">La MAGIVOLUTION connote, en r&eacute;sum&eacute;, un processus &laquo;&nbsp;</span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">plurivers</span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">alisant</span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="#sdfootnote10sym" name="sdfootnote10anc"><sup>10</sup></a></span></span></font></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">&raquo; </span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">de transformation continue de communaut&eacute;s locales cr&eacute;atives et r&eacute;g&eacute;n&eacute;ratives (nomm&eacute;es Magitopies<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="#sdfootnote11sym" name="sdfootnote11anc"><sup>11</sup></a>). </span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">Ce processus vise</span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> &agrave; renforcer la r&eacute;silience et &agrave; augmenter la r&eacute;g&eacute;n&eacute;ration &eacute;cologique et sociale de ces syst&egrave;mes &eacute;co-sociologiques dans la complexit&eacute; croissante.</span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"> </font><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">La MAGIVOLUTION</span></span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"> </font><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">est ainsi une m&eacute;thodologie culturelle con&ccedil;ue pour</span></span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> d&eacute;velopper, prot&eacute;ger et promouvoir des territoires cr&eacute;atifs, contributifs, apprenants et adaptatifs &eacute;voluant en continu sur la base de tensions organisationnelles d&#39;opportunit&eacute;s&nbsp;:</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="line-height:150%"><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">-&nbsp;</span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">R</span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">econnues (transformer des menaces en opportunit&eacute;s)&nbsp;; </span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">et</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="line-height:150%"><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">-&nbsp;C</span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">r&eacute;&eacute;</span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">es </span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">(imaginer, </span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">&eacute;laborer et exp&eacute;rimenter collectivement la poursuite de nouveaux sc&eacute;narios d&#39;&eacute;volution pour cet espace communautaire afin d&#39;enrichir sa culture singuli&egrave;re r&eacute;g&eacute;n&eacute;rative</span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">).</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">E</span></span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">n r&eacute;sum&eacute;,</span></span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> la MAGIVOLUTION</span></span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> vise &agrave; stimuler, renforcer et valoriser la strat&eacute;gie de singularisation culturelle </span></span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">de communaut&eacute;s Magitopiques</span></span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">, dans une perspective de diversification culturelle consid&eacute;r&eacute;e comme aussi importante que la biodiversit&eacute; </span></span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">pour la r&eacute;silience sociale</span></span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"> </font><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">(</span></span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">Giraud, 2016).</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">L</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">a </span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">MAGIVOLUTION</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">, con&ccedil;ue pour faciliter la</span></font> transformation sociale (au niveau communautaire local) repose sur deux matrices fondamentales qui constituent la dimension &laquo;&nbsp;recherche &ndash; action&nbsp;&raquo; de notre mod&egrave;le de d&eacute;veloppement social ImagineerInt&nbsp;:</font></font></font></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">-&nbsp;La matrice de raisonnement &laquo;&nbsp;MAGIVERSEL&nbsp;&raquo;&nbsp;: facilite l&#39;&eacute;laboration dynamique de raisonnements cr&eacute;atifs, scientifiques et &eacute;volutifs afin d&#39;appr&eacute;hender des objets d&#39;&eacute;tude&nbsp;:</font></font></font></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Serif, serif"><font size="3"><font style="font-size: 12pt"><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">Dans leur nature </span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">et ancrage contex</span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">tuel</span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"> (recherche du </span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">&laquo;&nbsp;</span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">qui&nbsp;?&nbsp;&raquo;, </span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">du </span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">&laquo;&nbsp;quoi&nbsp;?</span></font></font></font></font><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">&nbsp;</font></font></font></font></em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">&raquo;, </span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">du</span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"> &laquo;&nbsp;</span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">o&ugrave;&nbsp;?</span></font></font></font></font><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">&nbsp;</font></font></font></font></em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">&raquo;, </span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">du</span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"> &laquo;&nbsp;quand&nbsp;?&nbsp;&raquo;</span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"> </font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">du</span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"> </font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">&laquo;&nbsp;comment&nbsp;?</span></font></font></font></font><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">&nbsp;</font></font></font></font></em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">&raquo;,</span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"> du</span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"> &laquo;&nbsp;pourquoi&nbsp;?&nbsp;</span></font></font></font></font><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">&raquo;&nbsp;</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">et de l</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">&#39;</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">&laquo;&nbsp;en quoi&nbsp;?&nbsp;&raquo;&nbsp;</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">; </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">et</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em></font></font></font></span></span></p> </li> <li> <p class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif">Dans leur possible &eacute;volution future (exploration de l&#39;&eacute;nonc&eacute; &laquo;&nbsp;Pourquoi pas&nbsp;?</font><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif">&nbsp;</font></font></em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><span style="font-weight:normal">&raquo;</span></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"> et de ses implications &laquo;&nbsp;croyables<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="#sdfootnote12sym" name="sdfootnote12anc"><sup>12</sup></a>&raquo;) ancr&eacute;es dans une direction &eacute;cologique et sociale durable et d&eacute;sirable par les acteurs de communaut&eacute;s Magitopiques&nbsp;;</font></font></font></font></span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">-&nbsp;Le mod&egrave;le SOLARIS&nbsp;: permet d&#39;&eacute;laborer du savoir hybride dans une perspective d&#39;&eacute;mergence d&#39;id&eacute;es cr&eacute;atives pour la co-construction de savoir scientifique complexe. Un ing&eacute;nieur que nous avons form&eacute; &agrave; notre travail et avec qui nous &oelig;uvrons actuellement dans le cadre de notre recherche - action a exp&eacute;riment&eacute; ce mod&egrave;le dans un contexte probl&eacute;matique au sein d&#39;une multinationale de l&#39;automobile. L&#39;un des r&eacute;sultats a &eacute;t&eacute; la r&eacute;organisation syst&eacute;mique de plusieurs laboratoires de recherche &ndash; d&eacute;veloppement, qui sont pass&eacute;s d&#39;une structure et culture du cloisonnement et de la centralisation &agrave; une structure et culture de l&#39;ouverture et de l&#39;&eacute;change syst&eacute;matique d&#39;informations et de connaissances. Cet ing&eacute;nieur a, par la suite, r&eacute;dig&eacute; un savoir personnel issu de son exp&eacute;rience professionnelle &agrave; partir de ce mod&egrave;le SOLARIS, intitul&eacute; &laquo;&nbsp;L&#39;importance d&#39;un langage commun, d&#39;une empathie mutuelle et d&#39;une structure &eacute;quitable pour l&#39;intelligence collective&nbsp;&raquo;. Nous nous sommes inspir&eacute;s, afin de construire ce mod&egrave;le documentaire, sur&nbsp;:</font></font></font></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Serif, serif"><font size="3"><font style="font-size: 12pt"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">Le concept de &laquo;&nbsp;r&eacute;seaux d&#39;&eacute;changes r&eacute;ciproques de savoirs&nbsp;&raquo; d&eacute;velopp&eacute; et mis en pratique par Claire et Marc H&eacute;ber-Suffrin (1992, 2010, 2012) permettant de &laquo;&nbsp;penser, </font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">d&#39;</font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">apprendre et </font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">d&#39;</font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">agir en r&eacute;seau&nbsp;&raquo; (2012)&nbsp;; et</font></font></font></font></font></font></span></span></p> </li> <li> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">Les travaux empiriques du th&eacute;oricien et praticien de l&#39;&eacute;ducation populaire Franck Lepage concernant l&#39;hybridation de savoirs &laquo;&nbsp;chauds&nbsp;&raquo; (exp&eacute;rientiels de vie) et &laquo;&nbsp;froids&nbsp;&raquo; (acad&eacute;miques) afin de faciliter le processus d&eacute;modynamique de transformation sociale.</font></font></font></span></span></p> </li> </ul> <h3 class="western"><b><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">L</font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">es phases du processus de MAGIVOLUTIO</font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">N</font></font></font></b></h3> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><font color="#000000">Les phases de </font><font color="#000000">la MAGIVOLUTION</font><font color="#000000"> sont les suivantes</font><font color="#000000">&nbsp;</font><font color="#000000">:</font></font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">-&nbsp;Un ou plusieurs membres d&#39;une communaut&eacute; Magitopique formulent un d&eacute;sir d&#39;&eacute;volution par rapport &agrave; un pr&eacute;sent qu&#39;ils jugent probl&eacute;matique (en lien avec une souffrance / insatisfaction personnelle / collective ou &agrave; un probl&egrave;me complexe mena&ccedil;ant la p&eacute;rennit&eacute; ou le bon fonctionnement de la communaut&eacute;, et qui n&eacute;cessite une &eacute;volution de celle-ci pour &ecirc;tre appr&eacute;hend&eacute;e)&nbsp;;</font></font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">-&nbsp;Ces membres imaginent un nouvel horizon social<b><a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="#sdfootnote13sym" name="sdfootnote13anc"><sup>13</sup></a></b> (comme &laquo;&nbsp;nouvel ordre social&nbsp;&raquo; ou nouvelle mani&egrave;re de s&#39;auto-organiser pour r&eacute;aliser une nouvelle configuration sociale en puissance) en prenant en compte ce(s) probl&egrave;me(s) identifi&eacute;(s). Ils encodent cette vision cr&eacute;ative dans un &laquo;&nbsp;artefact&nbsp;&raquo; (construction linguistique po&eacute;tique con&ccedil;ue sel<span style="font-weight:normal">on le mode de pens&eacute;e narratif<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="#sdfootnote14sym" name="sdfootnote14anc"><sup>14</sup></a></span> stimulant l&#39;inspiration gr&acirc;ce &agrave; sa nature artistique &laquo;&nbsp;recalibrant la normalit&eacute;<em><font size="3"><font style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"><a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="#sdfootnote15sym" name="sdfootnote15anc"><sup>15</sup></a></span></span></span></font></font></em>&raquo; via une nouvelle vision cr&eacute;ative). Ils pr&eacute;sentent cet artefact a<span style="font-weight:normal">ux autres membres de leur communaut&eacute; afin de susciter des interactions sociales &laquo;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-weight:normal">co</span><span style="font-weight:normal">-constructionnist</span><span style="font-weight:normal">es</span><b><a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="#sdfootnote16sym" name="sdfootnote16anc"><sup>16</sup></a></b><span style="font-weight:normal">&raquo;&nbsp;;</span></font></font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">-&nbsp;Les acteurs Magitopiques inspir&eacute;s par cette vision cr&eacute;ative d&eacute;finissent un objectif principal qui permet de poursuivre cette vision de mani&egrave;re id&eacute;aliste pragmatique<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="#sdfootnote17sym" name="sdfootnote17anc"><sup>17</sup></a>. Ils imaginent une &oelig;uvre culturelle n&eacute;cessitant une transcendance de savoir pour sa r&eacute;alisation (comme d&eacute;fi cr&eacute;atif). Ils s&#39;engagent alors dans un processus d&#39;intelligence strat&eacute;gique pour faciliter sa r&eacute;alisation (consultation et mobilisation de la m&eacute;moire et du r&eacute;seau interne et externe de l&#39;organisation)&nbsp;;</font></font></font></font></span></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">-&nbsp;Ces acteurs mettent en &oelig;uvre le design (comme dessin, projet et conception) de cette &oelig;uvre collaborative commune, &agrave; travers des pratiques collaboratives bas&eacute;es sur l&#39;&eacute;laboration, le partage, l&#39;hybridation et la valorisation de savoir (par le biais du mod&egrave;le SOLARIS con&ccedil;u &agrave; cet effet)&nbsp;;</font></font></font></font></span></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">-&nbsp;Ces acteurs testent leur &oelig;uvre aupr&egrave;s d&#39;un public-cible. Ils int&egrave;grent et &eacute;valuent les retours du public-cible pour enrichir la m&eacute;moire de l&#39;organisation et d&eacute;tecter de potentiels probl&egrave;mes &agrave; r&eacute;soudre ou appr&eacute;hender&nbsp;;</font></font></font></font></span></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">-&nbsp;Une fois l&rsquo;&oelig;uvre culturelle achev&eacute;e et les nouveaux savoirs hybrides n&eacute;cessaires &agrave; sa r&eacute;alisation ma&icirc;tris&eacute;s, ces acteurs diffusent ces ressources au sein et &agrave; l&#39;ext&eacute;rieur de leur communaut&eacute; afin de faciliter l&#39;&eacute;volution de ce syst&egrave;me, qui int&egrave;gre d&eacute;sormais dans son fonctionnement et sa maintenance ces nouveaux savoirs. L&#39;&eacute;laboration, la valorisation et la diffusion de ces ressources permettent de r&eacute;g&eacute;n&eacute;rer ce syst&egrave;me en &laquo;&nbsp;r&eacute;actualisant sa normalit&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo; (g&eacute;n&eacute;ration d&#39;un nouvel ordre plus &eacute;volu&eacute;).</font></font></font></font></span></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">Dans ce processus culturel socio-transformationnel, l&#39;art met la technologie au d&eacute;fi tandis que la technologie inspire l&#39;art<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="#sdfootnote18sym" name="sdfootnote18anc"><sup>18</sup></a>.</span></font></font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">Enfin, </span><span style="font-weight:normal">l</span><span style="font-weight:normal">a </span>m&eacute;thodologie MAGIVOLUTION n&eacute;cessite, pour &ecirc;tre pleinement appr&eacute;hend&eacute;e et ma&icirc;tris&eacute;e, l&#39;utilisation d&#39;un langage commun que nous avons construit strat&eacute;giquement pour faciliter les &eacute;changes et l&#39;hybridation de savoir, et plus globalement les interactions cr&eacute;atives et inventives au sein de communaut&eacute;s &eacute;pist&eacute;miques et de pratique (Wenger, 1998). Ce langage est &agrave; la fois documentaire (via la structure normative de matrices issues du mod&egrave;le SOLARIS sus-cit&eacute;<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="#sdfootnote19sym" name="sdfootnote19anc"><sup>19</sup></a>) et lexical, via un glossaire que nous avons &eacute;labor&eacute;. Ce dernier est constitu&eacute; de concepts fondamentaux supportant th&eacute;oriquement notre m&eacute;thodologie pratique. Ces concepts (Magitopie, MAGILAB, MAGITECH<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="#sdfootnote20sym" name="sdfootnote20anc"><sup>20</sup></a>,...) gravitent tous autour d&#39;un acronyme fondamental qu&#39;est la MAGI, pour &laquo;&nbsp;Mastering the Art of Glocagenitive Intelligence&nbsp;&raquo; (Ma&icirc;trise de l&#39;Art de l&#39;Intelligence Glocag&eacute;nitive). <sup>La MAGI renvoie </sup>&agrave; un savoir-faire individuel et collectif permettant de faire &eacute;merger, via le mod&egrave;le de d&eacute;veloppement social ImagineerInt, une intelligence collective universelle (L&eacute;vy, 1997) au service du Commun (Bollier, 2007&nbsp;: 2012). Elle vise &agrave; r&eacute;g&eacute;n&eacute;rer les capacit&eacute;s humaines de d&eacute;veloppement et de transcendance du savoir, afin de renforcer la r&eacute;silience sociale dans la complexit&eacute; croissante. La MAGI connote ainsi un savoir-faire permettant de d&eacute;velopper une intelligence collective r&eacute;g&eacute;n&eacute;rant la nature et l&#39;intelligence humaine, qui est aliment&eacute;e par des cultures locales s&#39;enrichissant mutuellement les unes les autres pour construire un monde digne, int&egrave;gre et p&eacute;renne pour le vivant sur Terre. L&#39;intelligence glocag&eacute;nitive est donc une intelligence collective &laquo; glocale &raquo; (globale aliment&eacute;e par des intelligences locales) aliment&eacute;e par des communaut&eacute;s territoriales nomm&eacute;es Magitopies. Ces communaut&eacute;s locales &oelig;uvrent en synergie<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="#sdfootnote21sym" name="sdfootnote21anc"><sup>21</sup></a> pour r&eacute;g&eacute;n&eacute;rer la sant&eacute; et le sens des territoires (leur capacit&eacute; &agrave; s&#39;autod&eacute;terminer et &agrave; &eacute;voluer continuellement en augmentant leur intelligibilit&eacute; et leur sensibilit&eacute; pour progresser vers un id&eacute;al pragmatique d&#39;&eacute;volution p&eacute;renne du vivant) &ndash; dans ses dimensions sociales (culturelles) et &eacute;cosyst&eacute;mique (biotope) &ndash; afin d&#39;appr&eacute;hender un monde de plus en plus complexe.</font></font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">Les premiers retours exp&eacute;rimentaux issus de notre recherche &ndash; action montrent un r&eacute;el effet synergique dans nos &eacute;changes et interactions avec d&#39;autres professionnels de la science (recherche et ing&eacute;nierie) gr&acirc;ce &agrave; ce langage commun gravitant autour du concept de MAGI. Le fait que nous ma&icirc;trisions et employions tous ces concepts fondamentaux dans le cadre de nos travaux collaboratifs nous aide ainsi clairement &agrave; mieux penser (conceptualiser), ressentir (via des visions collectives partag&eacute;es issues du sens sp&eacute;cifique de ces concepts) et orienter nos actions, via un &eacute;cosyst&egrave;me conceptuel transposable &agrave; de multiples situations. P<span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">ar exemple, l&#39;ing&eacute;nieur en m&eacute;canique</span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> q</span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">ui a exp&eacute;riment&eacute; p</span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">our la </span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">premi&egrave;re fois le mod&egrave;le SOLARIS dans un contexte </span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">probl&eacute;matique</span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> a</span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">u </span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">sein d</span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">&#39;une multinationale </span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">a</span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">, pour ce faire, raisonn&eacute; &agrave; partir de nos concepts fondamentaux &laquo;&nbsp;MAGI&nbsp;&raquo; et les a t</span></span>r<span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">anspos</span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">&eacute;</span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">s </span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">&agrave;</span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> sa structure professionnelle pour r&eacute;ussir, in</span></span><i><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> fine, &agrave;</span></span></i><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> op&eacute;rer une transformation m&eacute;thodologique en </span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">son</span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> </span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">s</span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">ei</span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">n. Ainsi, des</span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> laboratoires qui ne communiquaient jamais ont, suite &agrave; son exp&eacute;rimentation, entam&eacute; une r&eacute;elle coop&eacute;ration sur la base d&#39;un &eacute;change syst&eacute;matique d&#39;</span></span><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">inf</span></span></span><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">orma</span></span></span><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">tions, </span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">de connaissances et de savoirs scientifiques et techniques.</span></span></font></font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Serif, serif"><font size="3"><font style="font-size: 12pt"><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">Nous avons, en tant que chercheur &ndash; designer, fait d&egrave;s le d&eacute;part le choix de concevoir des matrices m&eacute;thodologiques sous forme de questionnaires, afin de stimuler et faciliter la r&eacute;flexion et le raisonnement ainsi que l&#39;imagination cr&eacute;ative des acteur</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">s</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> les utilisant. </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">Ces matrices sous forme de questionnaires visent &agrave; faciliter l&#39;int&eacute;gration d</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">&#39;habitus</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> concernant l&#39;&eacute;laboration, la formalisation et l&#39;hybridation de savoir dans une perspective de transformation sociale.</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em></font></font></font></span></span></p> <p class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">Notre paradigme &eacute;pist&eacute;mologique se nomme le</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal"> &laquo;&nbsp;co-constructionnisme </span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">critique&nbsp;&raquo;. </span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">Il </span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">renvoie &agrave; un </span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">&laquo;&nbsp;intersubjectivisme&nbsp;&raquo; </span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">g&eacute;n&eacute;r&eacute;</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal"> &agrave; partir d&#39;interactions sociales </span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">capacitantes (bas&eacute;es sur une logique de capacitation subjectivante</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">)</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal"> et ontologisantes (qui enjoignent &agrave; l&#39;enrichissement et &agrave; la transformation du r&eacute;el via une posture imaginieriale </span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">et &eacute;ducative populai</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">re</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">). </span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">Il hybride le sens des paradigmes co-constructivism</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">e,</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal"> constructivisme critique et constructionnis</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">m</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">e social<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="#sdfootnote22sym" name="sdfootnote22anc"><sup>22</sup></a>.</span></font></font></font></font></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Serif, serif"><font size="3"><font style="font-size: 12pt"><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">Notre travail de design s&#39;ancre dans une approche syst&eacute;mique de la cr&eacute;ativit&eacute; collective. </span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">Hargadon et Bechky (2006) appellent &laquo;&nbsp;cr&eacute;ativit&eacute; collective&nbsp;&raquo; la cr&eacute;ativit&eacute; qui &eacute;merge d&#39;id&eacute;es interactives de diff&eacute;rentes personnes plut&ocirc;t que de l&#39;esprit d&#39;un seul individu (Marion, 2012). Dans la cr&eacute;ativit&eacute; collective, aucune id&eacute;e en elle-m&ecirc;me n&#39;est responsable de la r&eacute;solution du probl&egrave;me, mais le probl&egrave;me est r&eacute;solu de mani&egrave;re unique et &eacute;mergente. </span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">Dia</span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">ne </span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">Nijs </span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">(2019, </span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">p.64) ajoute que le concept de cr&eacute;ativit&eacute; collective converge avec les id&eacute;es de l&#39;approche syst&eacute;mique de la cr&eacute;ativit&eacute;. Le </span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><i><span style="font-weight:normal">D</span></i></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><i><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">ictionnaire de la cr&eacute;ativit&eacute; </span></span></i></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">(</span></span></span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">Gorny, 2007) d&eacute;finit l&#39;approche syst&eacute;mique de la cr&eacute;ativit</span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">&eacute; comme &eacute;tant</span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"> &agrave; l&#39;intersection de facteurs individuels, sociaux et culturels (Amabile, 1983, 19</span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">9</span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">6&nbsp;; Csikszentmihalyi, 1996, 1999, Simonton, </span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">1988&nbsp;;</span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"> Woodman et Schoenfeld, 1989).</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></span></span></p> <h1 class="western"><b>Contexte organisationnel<span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"> au sein duquel est </span></span><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">exp&eacute;riment&eacute;</span></span> <span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">la MAGIVOLUTION</span></span><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">,</span></span><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"> premiers retours exp&eacute;rimentau</span></span><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">x et </span></span><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">proposition de </span></span><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none">voies d&#39;&eacute;volution</span></span></b></h1> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Serif, serif"><font size="3"><font style="font-size: 12pt"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">Nous avons form&eacute; des acteurs </span></span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">aux profils vari&eacute;s (chercheurs, ing&eacute;nieurs, artistes, enseignants, </span></span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">th&eacute;rapeutes, </span></span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">journalistes,</span></span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">&hellip;) &agrave; notre mod&egrave;le ImagineerInt. </span></span></span></span></font></font></font><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">Les premiers retours exp&eacute;riment</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">aux issus de notre </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">recherche &ndash; action nous permettent de constater que ce choix est judicieux.</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"> </font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">Cette d&eacute;marche &laquo;&nbsp;&eacute;pist&eacute;magnoto-prax&eacute;ologique&nbsp;&raquo;</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"><a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="#sdfootnote23sym" name="sdfootnote23anc"><sup>23</sup></a></span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> nous permet </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">ainsi</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> de renforcer l&#39;ac</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">c</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">essibilit&eacute; de notre mod&egrave;le, en facilitant sa vulgarisation par le biais d&#39;une &laquo;&nbsp;simplexification&nbsp;&raquo; des questions (</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">transposition dans u</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">n</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> langage compr&eacute;hensible par tout un chacun, tout en conservant la complexit&eacute; encod&eacute;e en leur sein pour ne pas appauvrir leur sens).</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"> </font></font></font><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">L&#39;ensemble des acteurs que nous avons </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">form&eacute;s</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> on</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">t</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"> </font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">tr&egrave;s rapidement int&eacute;gr&eacute; </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">nos matrices et leur structure sous-jacent</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">e</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">,</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"> </font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">e</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">t </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">ont t&eacute;moign&eacute; un r&eacute;el int&eacute;r&ecirc;t et enthousiasme pour cette m&eacute;thode </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">de facilitation de l&#39;auto-&eacute;mergence d&#39;intelligence collective cr&eacute;ative. </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">Ces acteurs nous ont &eacute;galement</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"> </font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"> </font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">spontan&eacute;ment </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">propos</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">&eacute; </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">de nous aider &agrave; vulgariser ces matrice</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">s, </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">afin de les rendre encore plus intelligibles et accessibles par le grand public.</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em></font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Serif, serif"><font size="3"><font style="font-size: 12pt"><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">N</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">ous av</span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">ons </span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">mobilis&eacute;, pour construire notre m&eacute;thodologie de transformation sociale, des th&eacute;ories issues des champs de la narration et du game design </span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">afin de renforcer la nature ludique et interactive de notre m&eacute;thodologie. Ces th&eacute;ories</span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> support</span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">ent, dans le cadre de la m&eacute;thodologi</span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">e MAGIVOLUTION</span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">, </span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">le d&eacute;veloppement </span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">d&rsquo;&oelig;uvres</span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> culturelles justifiant </span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">et enjoignant &agrave; </span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">la transcendance de savoir </span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">au sein des</span></span></span></font></font></font> <font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">communaut&eacute;s Magitopiques </span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">en vue d&#39;effectuer une transformation syst&eacute;miqu</span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">e</span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">. Ainsi, le fait </span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">d&#39;utiliser et d&#39;amener nos acteurs &agrave; concevo</span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">ir et partage</span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">r</span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> des histoires et de</span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">s jeu</span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">x</span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> encodant des visions cr&eacute;atives du futur nous permet, au vu de ce que nous observons sur le terrain, de mieux toucher notre public en faisant appel &agrave; </span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">son</span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> imagination, et en </span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">l</span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">&#39;</span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">amenant &agrave; interagir avec nos concepts </span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">ainsi qu&#39;</span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">avec</span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"> </font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">les </span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">visions cr&eacute;atives </span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">qui les supportent</span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">.</span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"> </font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">L&#39;approche ethnographique que nous utilisons (qui facilite l&#39;ins</span></span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">pi</span></span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">ration cr&eacute;ative selon Wang, 2013), via un travail sur les r&eacute;cits de vie de ces acteurs traduisant leurs savoirs &laquo;&nbsp;chauds&nbsp;&raquo; </span></span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">exp&eacute;rientiels de vie</span></span></span></span></font></font></font><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> nous semble parfaitement appropri&eacute; &agrave; cette d&eacute;marche exp&eacute;rimentale.</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">Les actions attendues de notre exp&eacute;rimentation sont centr&eacute;es sur l&#39;&eacute;laboration, la connexion, l&#39;hybridation, la transcendance et la valorisation de savoir au sein des communaut&eacute;s exp&eacute;rimentales engag&eacute;es dans notre recherche &ndash; action, sur la base des outils m&eacute;thodologiques sus-cit&eacute;s constituant le mod&egrave;le ImagineerInt.</font></font></font></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">Les finalit&eacute;s attendues sont la pleine capacitation et autonomisation de ces acteurs et de ces collectifs &agrave; notre mod&egrave;le, afin qu&#39;ils puissent &agrave; terme mobiliser nos outils de mani&egrave;re intuitive et spontan&eacute;e pour renforcer leur capacit&eacute; d&#39;autod&eacute;termination par le biais d&#39;un processus d&#39;hybridation et de transcendance de savoir syst&eacute;matis&eacute; ancr&eacute; dans leurs &laquo;&nbsp;routines existantes&nbsp;&raquo;. Notre objectif est, en d&#39;autres termes, de d&eacute;velopper un <i>habitus </i>(comme mani&egrave;re d&#39;&ecirc;tre et de penser) chez ces acteurs &agrave; l&#39;&eacute;gard de notre mod&egrave;le ImagineerInt et des diff&eacute;rents outils d&#39;intelligence collective le constituant.</font></font></font></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">Nous ciblons, avec notre mod&egrave;le, un public le plus large possible, compte tenu du fait que notre d&eacute;marche s&#39;ancre dans une posture de chercheur citoyen &oelig;uvrant selon une perspective scientifique d&#39;&eacute;ducation populaire qui vise &agrave; appr&eacute;hender une probl&eacute;matique glocale complexe qu&#39;est l&#39;effondrement &eacute;cologique.</font></font></font></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Serif, serif"><font size="3"><font style="font-size: 12pt"><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">Les premiers retours exp&eacute;rimentaux issus de notre recherche &ndash; action</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"> </font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">proviennent du territoire de la r&eacute;gion Bigorre (Hautes-Pyr&eacute;n</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">&eacute;es). </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">Notre exp&eacute;rimentation (centr&eacute;e sur la capacitation d&#39;individus d&eacute;sirant s&#39;auto-organiser sur une base communautaire &eacute;pist&eacute;miqu</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">e et de pratiq</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">ue</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">) a fait &eacute;merger des &eacute;volutions de savoir&nbsp;:</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em></font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Serif, serif"><font size="3"><font style="font-size: 12pt"><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">-&nbsp;</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">D&#39;une</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> approche </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">purement </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">empirique (bas&eacute;e sur l&#39;exp&eacute;rience sensible)&nbsp;; </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">&agrave;</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em></font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Serif, serif"><font size="3"><font style="font-size: 12pt"><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">-&nbsp;Un</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="background:#ffffff">e</span></span></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> approche faisant dialoguer empirisme (savoir &laquo;&nbsp;chaud&nbsp;&raquo;</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">)</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> et savoir th&eacute;orique scientifique (savoir &laquo;&nbsp;froid&nbsp;&raquo;) selon le principe fondamental de l&#39;&eacute;ducation populaire tel que d&eacute;fini par le th&eacute;oricien </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">e</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">t</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> praticien Franck Lepage (</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">2012, </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">2015, 2016</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">). </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">Un exemple clair </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">issu de notre recherche &ndash; </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">action </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">est la transformation d&#39;un group</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">e d&#39;enseignants (de niveau primaire et secondair</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">e</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">)</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> en communaut&eacute; </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">d&#39;int&eacute;r&ecirc;t (&eacute;pist&eacute;mique et de pratiqu</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">e). Les membr</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">es de cett</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">e</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> communaut&eacute;, </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">sensibilis&eacute;s aux p&eacute;dagogies Freinet </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">et aux th&eacute;ories Bourdieusiennes sur l&#39;&eacute;</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">col</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">e</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">, </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">mobilis</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">en</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">t</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"> </font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">actuellement </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">no</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">s</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> outils d&#39;intelligence collectiv</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">e pour te</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">nter d&#39;</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">&eacute;laborer des raisonnements scientifiques visant </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">&agrave; </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">d&eacute;crire et </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><strike><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">e</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></strike></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">xplique</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">r r</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">igoureusement </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">la mani&egrave;re dont ils</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> transmettent leurs connaissances et savoirs &agrave; des &eacute;l&egrave;ves qui ne sont pas r&eacute;ellement adapt&eacute;s au cadre de l&#39;&eacute;ducation national</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">e, en amenant ces derniers &agrave; devenir </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">le</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">s</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> acteurs </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">d&#39;u</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">n </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">processus de co-construction d&#39;intelligence collaborat</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">ive </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">cr&eacute;ative</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">.</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> C</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">es</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> raisonnements pourraient alor</span></span></span></font></font></font></span></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">s </span></span></span></font></font></font></span></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><strike><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">f</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></strike></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">aciliter la r&eacute;plication de ce processus </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">&eacute;ducatif interactif p</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">ar d&#39;autres </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">enseignants et &eacute;ducateurs </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">p</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">our teste</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">r (</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">sur une base ouverte </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">e</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">t </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">distribu&eacute;e de pair-&agrave;-pair) leurs techniques &eacute;labor&eacute;es et affin&eacute;es de mani&egrave;re empirique. N</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">ous soulignons que ce sont ces personnes qui nous ont initialement sollicit&eacute;</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">s</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> pour les former au raisonnement scientifique par le biais de notre mod&egrave;le, car d&eacute;sirant partager leurs savoirs empiriques et les ancrer dans une d&eacute;marche d&#39;e</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">xp&eacute;rimentation scientifique</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> (</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">reposant sur </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">le</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> principe fondament</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">a</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">l </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">de r&eacute;plicabilit&eacute;). </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">C</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">e </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">group</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">e</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"> </font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">aura donc op&eacute;r&eacute;, par le biais de nos </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">matrice</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">s</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> e</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">t sur la base de ce d&eacute;sir collectif d&#39;&eacute;volution a</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">ncr&eacute; dans le paradigme de la complexit&eacute;,</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> une transformation sociale vers un nouvel &eacute;tat. C</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">e nouvel &eacute;tat est, d</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">ans le cadre de </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">notre exemple de terrain</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">,</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> u</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">n</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">e auto-organisation facilitant l&#39;autonomisation de ses membres (sur la base d&#39;un partage syst&eacute;matique de leurs savoirs a</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">u sein et &agrave; l&#39;ext&eacute;rieur de leur groupe)</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> p</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">our</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"> </font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">renforcer leur capacit&eacute; &agrave; transposer leurs pratique</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">s </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">p&eacute;dagogiqu</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">es</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> dans le champ scientifique.</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em></font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">Nous travaillons actuellement avec d&#39;autres acteurs au d&eacute;veloppement d&#39;une communaut&eacute; exp&eacute;rimentale visant &agrave; approfondir l&#39;exp&eacute;rimentation de nos outils et m&eacute;thodologies, dans lequel nous nous engagerons quotidiennement en tant que chercheur &ndash; praticien.</font></font></font></span></span></p> <h1>Discussions</h1> <p><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Serif, serif"><font size="3"><font style="font-size: 12pt"><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">Nous souhaitons que notre m&eacute;thodologie fasse l&#39;objet&nbsp;:</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em></font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Serif, serif"><font size="3"><font style="font-size: 12pt"><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">-&nbsp;</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">D&#39;</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">une vulgarisation (afin de faciliter sa ma&icirc;trise par des communaut&eacute;s locales souhaitant </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">&oelig;uvrer</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> collectivement pour le Commun par le biais de l&#39;hybridation et de la transcendance de leurs savoirs syst&eacute;matiquement formalis&eacute;s et partag&eacute;s)&nbsp;; </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">et</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em></font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Serif, serif"><font size="3"><font style="font-size: 12pt"><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">-&nbsp;D</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">e traductions, afin de faciliter sa diffusion &agrave; l&#39;&eacute;chelle plan&eacute;taire, et s</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">on impl&eacute;mentatio</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">n</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> dans de multiples contextes territoriaux.</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em></font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Serif, serif"><font size="3"><font style="font-size: 12pt"><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">Nous d&eacute;sirons </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">ainsi</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> voir d&#39;autres exp&eacute;riences men&eacute;es sur des terrains vari&eacute;s afin de tester la viabilit&eacute; de notre m&eacute;thode de transformation sociale. </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">Nous formons actuellement des chercheurs &ndash; praticiens en ce sens pour alimenter cette dynamique exp&eacute;rimentale.</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em></font></font></font></span></span></p> <h1>Conclusion</h1> <p><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Serif, serif"><font size="3"><font style="font-size: 12pt"><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">La capacit&eacute; de communaut&eacute;s locales &agrave; s&#39;auto-organiser et &agrave; se transformer pour s&#39;auto-d&eacute;termine</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">r </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">constitue une condition </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><i><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">sine qua non</span></span></i></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> de leur p&eacute;ren</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">ni</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">t&eacute; &eacute;volutive dans la complexit&eacute; croissante. </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">Partir des affects (d&eacute;sirs, souffrances </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">et</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> frustrations) par rapport &agrave; un pr&eacute;sent probl&eacute;matique nous semble u</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">n moyen </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">pertinen</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">t </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">pour inspirer une d&eacute;marche de mutation culturelle sur la base d&#39;u</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">ne </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">imaginatio</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">n </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">cr&eacute;atrice facilitant la r&eacute;alisation </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">collaborativ</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">e </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">de cultures r&eacute;g&eacute;n&eacute;ratives </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">sociotransformationnell</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">e</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">s.</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"> </font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">Il</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> est</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> cependant n&eacute;cessaire, afin de faciliter et renfor</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">c</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">er ce processus dynamique, de </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">ca</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">paciter</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> les indi</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">vidus </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">et les groupe</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">s</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"> </font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">(dans le cadre de notre m&eacute;thodologie, par le biais de questionnaires con&ccedil;us &agrave; cet effet)</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> afin de r</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">&eacute;habiliter l&#39;intelligence collective via le partage et l&#39;hybridation de savoirs n&eacute;cessaires pour l&#39;&eacute;mancipation sociale. </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">En ce sens, la transformation d</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">e communaut&eacute;s locales culturellement </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">diversifi&eacute;es</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> n&eacute;cessit</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">e</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> fondamentalement une approche d&#39;&eacute;ducation populaire pour conf&eacute;rer aux territoires la possibilit&eacute; cognitive et </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">techni</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">que</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> d&#39;une r&eacute;elle ma&icirc;trise de leur destin&eacute;e. </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">En</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> d&#39;autres termes, pour renforcer leur souverainet&eacute; </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">cr&eacute;ative</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"> </font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">dans un monde en </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">pr</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">o</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">f</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">ond changement</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">.</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em></font></font></font></span></span></p> <h1>R&eacute;f&eacute;rences</h1> <p><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">Besson, B., &amp; Possin, J. (2001). Du renseignement à l&#39;intelligence économique. Paris: Dunod.</font></font></font></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><a name="js-reference-string-022"></a> <font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">Besson, B., &amp; Uhl, R. (2012). <i>Intelligence inventive</i>. Lulu.com.</font></font></font></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">Bollier, D. (2007).&nbsp;</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><i>The rise of collective intelligence</i></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">. Washington, DC: Aspen Institute Communications and Society Program.</span></span></span></font></font></font></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">Bollier, D. &amp; Helfrich, S. (2012). </span></span></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><i>The wealth of the commons</i></span></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press.</span></span></span></font></font></font></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><a name="js-reference-string-0"></a> <font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">Boullier, D. (2015). Les sciences sociales face aux traces du big data. <i>Revue Fran&ccedil;aise De Science Politique</i>, <i>65</i>(5), 805. doi: 10.3917/rfsp.655.0805</font></font></font></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">Bourdieu, P., &amp; Passeron, J. (1964). <i>Les </i><i>&eacute;</i><i>tudiants et leurs </i><i>&eacute;</i><i>tudes</i>. Paris: Mouton.</font></font></font></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:100%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><a name="js-reference-string-1"></a> <font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><font color="#000000">Bourdieu, P. (1970). </font><font color="#000000"><i>La reproduction : &Eacute;l&eacute;ments d&rsquo;une th&eacute;orie du syst&egrave;me d&rsquo;enseignement</i></font><font color="#000000">. Paris: Les </font><font color="#000000">&Eacute;ditions</font><font color="#000000"> de Minuit.</font></font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western">&nbsp;</p> <p align="justify" class="western"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow. New York, NY: HarperPerennial.</font></font></font></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2015).&nbsp;</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><i>Creativity</i></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">. New York, NY: Harper Perennial Modern Classics.</span></span></span></font></font></font></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">Deledalle, G. (1990). Lire Peirce aujourd&#39;hui. Bruxelles: Éd. Univ. u.a.</font></font></font></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">Emery, F. &amp; Trist, E. (1972).<i> Towards a social ecology: contextual appreciation of the future in the present.</i> London: Plenum Press.</font></font></font></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal">F</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal">erdig</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal">, M., &amp; L</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal">udema</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal">, J. (2002). </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal">Transformative Interactions&nbsp;: Relational Principles to Guide Self-Organizing Change. </span></span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><i><span style="font-weight:normal">Academy Of Management Proceedings</span></i></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal">,&nbsp;</span></span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><i><span style="font-weight:normal">2002</span></i></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal">(1), D1-D6. doi: 10.5465/apbpp.2002.7517603</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">F</span></span></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">erdig</span></span></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">, M., &amp; L</span></span></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">udema</span></span></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">, J. (2005). Transformative interactions : Qualities of conversation that heighten the vitality of self-organizing change.&nbsp;</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><i>Research In Organizational Change And Development</i></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">, </span></span></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><font color="#000000"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal">Vol</span></span></span></font></span> <span style="letter-spacing:normal"><i>15</i></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">, </span></span></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">p. </span></span></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">171-207.</span></span></span></font></font></font></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><a name="js-reference-string-5"></a> <font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><font color="#000000">Freinet, C. (1980). </font><font color="#000000"><i>Pour l&#39;école du peuple</i></font><font color="#000000">. Paris: F. Maspero.</font></font></font></font></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><a name="js-reference-string-6"></a> <font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><font color="#000000">Freinet, C. (1982). </font><font color="#000000"><i>Les techniques Freinet de l&#39;</i></font><font color="#000000"><i>&eacute;</i></font><font color="#000000"><i>cole moderne</i></font><font color="#000000">. Paris: A. Colin.</font></font></font></font></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">Gergen, K. (1994</span></span></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">a</span></span></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">).&nbsp;</span></span></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><i>Realities and relationships</i></span></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.</span></span></span></font></font></font></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">Gergen, K. (1994</span></span></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">b</span></span></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">).&nbsp;</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><i>Toward transformation in social knowledge</i></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">. London: Sage.</span></span></span></font></font></font></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="font-variant:normal"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">Giraud, G. (2016). Les communs, un concept-cl&eacute; pour l&rsquo;avenir du d&eacute;veloppement. Consult&eacute; le 15 </span></span></font></font></font></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">septembre</span></span></font></font></font></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"> 201</span></span></font></font></font></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">9</span></span></font></font></font></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">, &agrave; l&#39;adresse&nbsp;: </span></span></font></font></font></span><font color="#000080"><u><a class="western" href="https://ideas4development.org/communs-developpement/"><span style="font-variant:normal"><font color="#000000"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">https://ideas4development.org/communs-developpement/</span></span></font></font></font></font></span></a></u></font></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="font-variant:normal"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">Gorny, E. (2007). A Dictionary of Creativity by Eugene Gorny (Ed.). </span></span></font></font></font></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">Consult&eacute; le</span></span></font></font></font></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"> </font></font></font></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">15</span></span></font></font></font></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"> Septemb</span></span></font></font></font></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">re</span></span></font></font></font></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"> 2019, </span></span></font></font></font></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">&agrave; l&#39;adresse:</span></span></font></font></font></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"> </font></font></font></span><a class="western" href="https://creativity.netslova.ru/"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">https://creativity.netslova.ru/</font></font></font></a></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="font-variant:normal"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">Halperin, J. 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Postnormal Artefacts. </span></span></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><i>World Futures Review</i></span></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">, </span></span></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><font color="#000000"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal">Vol</span></span></span></font></span> <span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><i>7</i></span></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">(4), 342-350. doi: 10.1177/1946756715627370</span></span></span></font></font></font></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">Sardar, Z. (2015). Postnormal times revisited. <i>Futures</i>, <span style="font-variant:normal"><font color="#000000"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal">Vol</span></span></span></font></span> <i>67</i>, p.26-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2015.02.003</font></font></font></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">Serra, J., &amp; Sardar, Z. (2017). Intelligence in Postnormal Times. </span></span></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><i>World Futures Review</i></span></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">, </span></span></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><font color="#000000"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal">Vol</span></span></span></font></span> <span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><i>9</i></span></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">(3), </span></span></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">p.</span></span></span><span style="font-variant:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">159-179. doi: 10.1177/1946756717709277</span></span></span></font></font></font></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">Servigne, P., &amp; Stevens, R. (2015). Comment tout peut s&#39;effondrer. Paris: Éditions du Seuil.</font></font></font></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">Simonton, D.</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">K.</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal"> (1988). </span></font><font color="#000000"><i><span style="font-weight:normal">Scientific genius</span></i></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">. Cambridge u.a.: Cambridge Univ. Pr.</span></font></font></font></font></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">Wahl, D. (2016). <i>Designing regenerative cultures</i>. Triarchy Press Ltd.</font></font></font></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><font color="#000080"><font color="#000000"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="background:#ffffff">Wang, T. (2016). </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></font><font color="#000080"><font color="#000000"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><i><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="background:#ffffff">Big Data Needs Thick Data</span></span></i></font></font></font></font></font><font color="#000080"><font color="#000000"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="background:#ffffff">. </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></font><font color="#000080"><font color="#000000"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><i><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="background:#ffffff">Ethnography Matters</span></span></i></font></font></font></font></font><font color="#000080"><font color="#000000"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="background:#ffffff">. Consult&eacute; le 15 </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></font><font color="#000080"><font color="#000000"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="background:#ffffff">septembre </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></font><font color="#000080"><font color="#000000"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="background:#ffffff">201</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></font><font color="#000080"><font color="#000000"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="background:#ffffff">9</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></font><font color="#000080"><font color="#000000"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="background:#ffffff">, &agrave; l&#39;adress</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></font><font color="#000080"><font color="#000000"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="background:#ffffff">e&nbsp;</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></font><font color="#000080"><font color="#000000"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="background:#ffffff">: </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></font><font color="#000080"><u><a class="western" href="http://ethnographymatters.net/blog/2013/05/13/big-data-needs-thick-data/"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">http://ethnographymatters.net/blog/2013/05/13/big-data-needs-thick-data/</span></span></font></font></font></a></u></font></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-variant:normal"><font color="#000000"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal">Wenger, E. (1998).&nbsp;</span></span></span></font></span><font color="#000000"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><i><span style="font-weight:normal">Communities of practice</span></i></span></font><span style="font-variant:normal"><font color="#000000"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal">. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</span></span></span></font></span></font></font></font></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">Taylor, P. (1998) Constructivism: Value added, In: B. Fraser &amp; K. Tobin (Eds), The International handbook of science education, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic</font></font></font></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt">Woodman, R. W., &amp; Schoenfeld, L. F. (1989). Individual differences in creativity: An interactionist perspective. In J. A. Glover, R. R. Ronning, &amp; C. R. Reynolds (Eds.), Handbook of creativity (pp. 77-91). New York: Plenum Press.</font></font></font></p> <div id="sdfootnote1"> <p align="justify" class="sdfootnote" style="text-indent:0cm"><span style="page-break-before:always"><a class="sdfootnotesym" href="#sdfootnote1anc" name="sdfootnote1sym">1</a><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp;&laquo;&nbsp;Eutopie&nbsp;&raquo; vient de l&rsquo;anglais &laquo;&nbsp;eutopia&nbsp;&raquo;, mot invent&eacute; en 1516 par Thomas More, qui connote un lieu imaginaire con&ccedil;u dans son ouvrage </span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt">Utopia</font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal">. Celui-ci signifie litt&eacute;ralement &laquo;&nbsp;lieu du bon&nbsp;&raquo; ou &laquo;&nbsp;lieu de la bienveillance&nbsp;&raquo;.</span></font></font></font></font></em></span></p> </div> <div id="sdfootnote2"> <p align="justify" class="sdfootnote" style="text-indent:0cm"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="line-height:100%"><span style="text-decoration:none"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><a class="sdfootnotesym" href="#sdfootnote2anc" name="sdfootnote2sym">2</a>&nbsp;Le sens est ici entendu dans ses dimensions&nbsp;:</font></font></span></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="sdfootnote" style="text-indent:0cm"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="line-height:100%"><span style="text-decoration:none"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">-&nbsp;I</span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">ntelligib</span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">ilit&eacute;</span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">&nbsp;: F</span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">aire sens, conceptualise</span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">r,</span></span></span> <span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">relier </span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">et </span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">reliancer</span></span></span> <span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">(au sens de la reliance au c&oelig;ur du paradigme de la complexit&eacute;).</span></span></span></font></font></font></span></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="line-height:100%"><span style="text-decoration:none"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">-&nbsp;S</span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">ensib</span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">ilit&eacute;&nbsp;</span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">: </span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">Mobiliser / stimuler / t</span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">oucher les sens / </span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">sensation</span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">s / </span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">s</span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">entiment</span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">s (perceptualiser)</span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">&nbsp;; </span></span></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">et</span></span></span></font></font></font></span></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="line-height:100%"><span style="text-decoration:none"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">-&nbsp;Di</span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">rectionnel</span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">le&nbsp;</span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">: </span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">Se</span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> proj</span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">ete</span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">r </span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">vers un aveni</span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">r (re-pr&eacute;sentation) </span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">durable </span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">et </span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">poursuivre</span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> cette vision </span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">souhaitable,</span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> d&eacute;sirable et inspirante </span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">par le biais d&#39;une d&eacute;march</span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">e scientifique cr&eacute;ative et collaborative synergique.</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="sdfootnote3"> <p align="justify" class="sdfootnote" style="text-indent:0cm"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><a class="sdfootnotesym" href="#sdfootnote3anc" name="sdfootnote3sym">3</a>&nbsp;L&#39;&eacute;pist&eacute;mologie de l&#39;invention (selon l&#39;expression de Deledalle) consid&egrave;re le mode de recherche et d&#39;obtention de connaissances nouvelles comme un processus de conception, avec des allers et retours en confrontation entre le projet de concevoir et sa r&eacute;alisation alimentant ce processus. La science n&#39;est donc plus l&#39;analyse et l&#39;anatomie de ce qui existe positivement et donc n&eacute;cessairement car, de m&ecirc;me que l&#39;art et la technique, elle invente de nouvelles r&eacute;alit&eacute;s. Source&nbsp;: <a class="western" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abduction_(logique">https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abduction_(logique</a>) (consult&eacute; 10 septembre&nbsp;2019).</font></font></p> </div> <div id="sdfootnote4"> <p align="justify" class="sdfootnote" style="text-indent:0cm"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><a class="sdfootnotesym" href="#sdfootnote4anc" name="sdfootnote4sym">4</a><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">&nbsp;Jennie Ro</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">se Halperin</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal"> (2016) d&eacute;finit la science citoyenne comme &laquo;&nbsp;</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">l</span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight:normal">&#39;id&eacute;e puissante que les communaut&eacute;s devraient &ecirc;tre habilit&eacute;es &agrave; participer au processus d&#39;investigation scientifique, enqu&ecirc;ter sur le monde qui les entoure et cr&eacute;er un changement soci&eacute;tal dans le processus&nbsp;&raquo;.</span></font></font></font></p> </div> <div id="sdfootnote5"> <p align="justify" class="sdfootnote" style="text-indent:0cm"><span style="font-weight:normal"><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><a class="sdfootnotesym" href="#sdfootnote5anc" name="sdfootnote5sym">5</a>&nbsp;La r&eacute;g&eacute;n&eacute;ration renvoie ici aux analyses de Daniel Christian Wahl dans son ouvrage <i>Designing Regenerative Cultures </i>(2016) et &agrave; celles de Mang et Haggard dans <i>Regenerative </i><i>D</i><i>evelopment and </i><i>D</i><i>esign </i><span style="font-style:normal">(2016). </span>Selon Wahl, <span style="letter-spacing:normal">&laquo;&nbsp;Le 21&egrave;me si&egrave;cle sera le si&egrave;cle de la r&eacute;g&eacute;n&eacute;ration de l&#39;&eacute;cosyst&egrave;me et de la Terre, sinon le 22&egrave;me si&egrave;cle pourrait voir une plan&egrave;te grandement appauvrie sans nous. Nous avons besoin de solutions vari&eacute;es, intersectionnelles, globales et audacieuses, &eacute;manant de personnes diff&eacute;rentes provenant de tous les horizons et de toutes les origines et s&#39;alignant sur les syst&egrave;mes terrestres naturels.&nbsp;&raquo;</span></font></font></font></span></p> </div> <div id="sdfootnote6"> <p align="justify" class="sdfootnote" style="text-indent:0cm"><span style="page-break-before:always"><a class="sdfootnotesym" href="#sdfootnote6anc" name="sdfootnote6sym">6</a><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;L&#39;hyperobjet renvoie, pour le philosophe Timothy Morton, &agrave; une entit&eacute; d&rsquo;une &eacute;tendue spatio-temporelle telle qu&#39;elle &laquo;&nbsp;met en faillite l&#39;id&eacute;e m&ecirc;me que nous nous faisons d&#39;un objet, que l&rsquo;on s&rsquo;imagine habituellement pouvoir toucher ou tenir dans la main&nbsp;&raquo; (source&nbsp;: </font></font></font><font color="#000080"><u><a class="western" href="https://www.lesinrocks.com/2015/11/21/arts/les-hyperobjets-le-superconcept-qui-revolutionne-la-pensee-ecologique-11785368/"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt">https://www.lesinrocks.com/2015/11/21/arts/les-hyperobjets-le-superconcept-qui-revolutionne-la-pensee-ecologique-11785368/</font></font></font></a></u></font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;; consult&eacute; le </font></font></font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt">15</font></font></font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"> septembr</font></font></font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt">e</font></font></font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"> 201</font></font></font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt">9</font></font></font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt">).</font></font></font></span></p> </div> <div id="sdfootnote7"> <p align="justify" class="sdfootnote" style="text-indent:0cm"><span style="font-weight:normal"><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><a class="sdfootnotesym" href="#sdfootnote7anc" name="sdfootnote7sym">7</a>&nbsp;L&#39;hybridation renvoie &agrave; la fusion s&eacute;mantiquement coh&eacute;rente de deux savoirs issus de champs disciplinaires ou exp&eacute;rientiels diff&eacute;rents (e.g., biologie et informatique) dans une vis&eacute;e synergique pour augmenter et enrichir leur sens respectif. Le mot tr<span style="letter-spacing:normal">anscender e</span><span style="letter-spacing:normal">st un n&eacute;</span><span style="letter-spacing:normal">ologisme introduit pas He</span><span style="letter-spacing:normal">nri B</span><span style="letter-spacing:normal">ergson,</span><span style="letter-spacing:normal"> et signifie &laquo;</span> <span style="letter-spacing:normal">s</span><span style="letter-spacing:normal">&rsquo;&eacute;lever au-dessus d&rsquo;une r&eacute;gion de la connaissance ou de la pens&eacute;e apr&egrave;s l&rsquo;avoir travers&eacute;e et p&eacute;n&eacute;trer dans une r&eacute;gion sup&eacute;rieure.&nbsp;&raquo; (</span><span style="letter-spacing:normal">H</span><span style="letter-spacing:normal">. Bergson, dans A. Lalande, V</span><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><i>ocabulaire technique et critique de la philosophie,</i></span><span style="letter-spacing:normal"> Paris, puf, 2010, p.112)</span><span style="letter-spacing:normal">.</span><span style="letter-spacing:normal"> E</span><span style="letter-spacing:normal">nfin, nous d&eacute;finissons la ma&icirc;trise c</span><span style="letter-spacing:normal">omme la pleine capacit&eacute; et mesure &agrave; exercer sa souverainet&eacute; cr&eacute;ative sur un savoir ou une technique</span><font face="Liberation Serif, serif"><span style="letter-spacing:normal">.</span></font></font></font></font></span></p> </div> <div id="sdfootnote8"> <p align="justify" class="sdfootnote" style="text-indent:0cm"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><a class="sdfootnotesym" href="#sdfootnote8anc" name="sdfootnote8sym">8</a>&nbsp;Le concept d&#39;hologrammie signifie selon Edgar Morin que dans un syst&egrave;me, dans un monde complexe, non seulement une partie se trouve dans le tout (par exemple, nous &ecirc;tres humains, nous sommes dans le cosmos), mais le tout se trouve &eacute;galement dans la partie. Le principe hologrammatique constitue l&#39;une des dimensions conceptuelles fondamentales du paradigme de la complexit&eacute;.</font></span></span></p> </div> <div id="sdfootnote9"> <p class="sdfootnote" style="text-indent:0cm"><span style="line-height:100%"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><a class="sdfootnotesym" href="#sdfootnote9anc" name="sdfootnote9sym">9</a>&nbsp;Maurel distingue la transformation soci&eacute;tale de la transformation sociale. Ainsi&nbsp;:</font></font></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:100%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt">-&nbsp;La transformation soci&eacute;tale (expression employ&eacute;e au pluriel) renvoie aux processus technologiques et socio-&eacute;conomiques existants en &eacute;volution permanente&nbsp;; et</font></font></font></span></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="line-height:100%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt">-&nbsp;La transformation sociale (employ&eacute;e au singulier) d&eacute;signe la posture d&#39;acteurs engag&eacute;s dans la transformation r&eacute;fl&eacute;chie de la soci&eacute;t&eacute; et dans la production d&#39;autres rapports sociaux et politiques entre les hommes.</font></font></font></span></span></p> </div> <div id="sdfootnote10"> <p align="justify" class="sdfootnote" style="text-indent:0cm"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><a class="sdfootnotesym" href="#sdfootnote10anc" name="sdfootnote10sym">10</a>&nbsp;Le pluriverse est un concept d&eacute;fini par l&#39;anthropologue Arturo Escobar dans son ouvrage <i><span style="text-decoration:none">Design for the Pluriverse</span></i><i> </i>(2018, p.4). ll renvoie &agrave; des configurations socionaturelles issues de la r&eacute;-imagination et de la construction de &laquo;&nbsp;mondes locaux&nbsp;&raquo;.</font></p> </div> <div id="sdfootnote11"> <p align="justify" class="sdfootnote" style="text-indent:0cm"><a class="sdfootnotesym" href="#sdfootnote11anc" name="sdfootnote11sym">11</a><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif">&nbsp;</font><font color="#000000"><span style="text-decoration:none"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">La Magitopie est une c</span></span></span></font></font></font></span></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">ommunaut&eacute; territoriale auto-suffisante et auto-organis&eacute;e dont les membre</span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">s</span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"> d&eacute;veloppent, prot&egrave;gent et promeuvent une culture locale singuli&egrave;r</span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">e </span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">ancr&eacute;e dans </span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">le paradigme &eacute;</span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">conomique des</span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"> communs </span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">(Ostrom, 1990</span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">)</span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">. Ils poursuivent, ce faisant, un id&eacute;al</span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"> pragma</span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">tique</span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"> de soci&eacute;t&eacute; plan&eacute;taire &laquo;&nbsp;glocale&nbsp;&raquo;</span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"> &eacute;voluant &eacute;cologiquement et socialement vers </span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">une</span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"> </font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">vision de </span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">progr&egrave;s </span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">symbolis&eacute;e</span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"> par </span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">la</span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"> ma&icirc;trise de l&#39;art de faciliter l&#39;auto-&eacute;mergence d&#39;une intelligence glocale inventive et r&eacute;g&eacute;n&eacute;rat</span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">ive </span></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">que nous nommons &laquo;&nbsp;glocag&eacute;nitive&nbsp;&raquo;. </span></font></font></font></font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif">Nous renvoyons, pour une analyse </font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif">d&eacute;taill&eacute;</font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif">e du </font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif">concept de</font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"> Magitopie, </font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif">&agrave; un article</font> <font face="FreeSans, sans-serif">publi&eacute; dans la revue </font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif">scientifique</font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"> COSSI&nbsp;:&nbsp;<a class="western" href="https://revue-cossi.info/numeros/n-4-2018-big-data-thick-data/701-1-2018-revue-bonnecarrere">https://revue-cossi.info/numeros/n-4-2018-big-data-thick-data/701-1-2018-revue-bonnecarrere</a> (consult&eacute; le </font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif">15 </font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif">septembre</font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"> 2019).</font></p> </div> <div id="sdfootnote12"> <p align="justify" class="sdfootnote" style="text-indent:0cm"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><a class="sdfootnotesym" href="#sdfootnote12anc" name="sdfootnote12sym">12</a>&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:normal">La croyabilit&eacute; est un te</span><span style="font-weight:normal">rme </span><span style="font-weight:normal">utilis&eacute; par </span><span style="font-weight:normal">Minvielle et al., </span><span style="font-weight:normal">dans </span><span style="font-weight:normal">l</span><span style="font-weight:normal">&#39;</span><span style="font-weight:normal">ouvrage </span><i><span style="font-weight:normal">Jouer avec les futurs</span></i> <span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal">(2016</span></span><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal">)</span></span><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal">. </span></span><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal">Il </span></span><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal">prov</span></span><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal">ient d</span></span><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal">u mot anglais </span></span><i><span style="font-weight:normal">believability</span></i><span style="font-weight:normal">, qui int&egrave;gre le concept de plausibilit&eacute; tout en renfor&ccedil;ant sa nature intrins&egrave;que d&#39;objet de croyance (ce qui est per&ccedil;u comme &laquo;&nbsp;raisonnable&nbsp;&raquo;, en excluant les &eacute;v&eacute;nements &laquo;&nbsp;sauvages&nbsp;&raquo; situ&eacute;s hors de ce champ). Dans l&#39;acception que les auteurs souhaitent mettre en avant, cette notion recouvre tout ce qui va permettre &agrave; un spectateur de croire &agrave; ce qu&#39;il est en train de vivre, quelle que soit la probabilit&eacute; d&#39;occurrence ou la possibilit&eacute; scientifique de l&#39;&eacute;v&eacute;nement. </span><span style="font-weight:normal">Minvielle et al.</span><i> </i><span style="font-weight:normal">u</span><span style="font-weight:normal">tilisent donc ce term</span><span style="font-weight:normal">e l</span><span style="font-weight:normal">orsqu&#39;il s&#39;agit de rendre vraisemblable et immersif un futur possible. </span><span style="font-weight:normal">Ces auteurs d&eacute;fendent l&#39;id&eacute;e (p.83) que &laquo;&nbsp;Pour comprendre demain, il faut d&eacute;passer les approches usuelles et se demander dans quelles mesures les imaginaires peuvent remettre en question ou &ecirc;tre &agrave; l&#39;origine de changements dans la vie r&eacute;elle&nbsp;&raquo;. </span><span style="font-weight:normal">Toujours selon eux </span><span style="font-weight:normal">(p.218)</span><span style="font-weight:normal">, </span><em><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">&laquo;&nbsp;</span></span></span></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">Pr&eacute;dire certains pans du futur lib&egrave;re l&#39;imagination sur les autres aspects&nbsp;&raquo;.</span></span></span></font></em></font></font></p> </div> <div id="sdfootnote13"> <p align="justify" class="sdfootnote" style="text-indent:0cm"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><a class="sdfootnotesym" href="#sdfootnote13anc" name="sdfootnote13sym">13</a>&nbsp;Nous basons notre analyse sur celles de Dominic Barter (2018) concernant le design de syst&egrave;mes dialogiques pour l&#39;autod&eacute;termination collective&nbsp;:</font></p> <p align="justify" class="sdfootnote" style="margin-left:19px; text-indent:0cm"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif">En p&eacute;riode de tensions collectives intenses, nous sommes encourag&eacute;s &agrave; trouver de nouvelles r&eacute;ponses syst&eacute;miques aux besoins communs permanents. Le design (&agrave; la fois dessin et dessein) et le fonctionnement de ces nouveaux syst&egrave;mes sociaux, nous appellent &agrave; une cr&eacute;ativit&eacute; sinc&egrave;re, courageuse et ludique. Ce domaine est nouveau et toutes les exp&eacute;riences que nous ferons sont bas&eacute;es sur notre mani&egrave;re de prendre soin de la vie. Ces exp&eacute;riences donneront donc des r&eacute;ponses aux diff&eacute;rents moments que nous vivons dans un monde qui change rapidement. Elles n&#39;offrent pas un plan d&#39;action unique, mais une &eacute;coute active et continue des collectivit&eacute;s en transition. Structurellement et &agrave; chaque instant, elles s&#39;enracinent dans le dialogue. La non-violence donne des principes de base &agrave; l&#39;architecture de ce travail et des lignes directrices pour son d&eacute;roulement. Le maillage de la recherche et de la pratique de Marshall Rosenberg nous rappelle que la non-violence nous invite &agrave; chaque &eacute;tape &agrave; nous aligner en nous, avec les autres et socialement &mdash; comme en un mouvement d&#39;unit&eacute;. Mais c&#39;est dans l&#39;exp&eacute;rience directe de ces nouveaux syst&egrave;mes sociaux dialogiques, en une sorte de relation de questionnement permanent, en explorant l&#39;incertitude qui est leur nature, que nous commen&ccedil;ons &agrave; int&eacute;grer leurs voies, et &agrave; r&eacute;aliser qu&#39;ils favorisent la coh&eacute;sion, l&#39;auto-gu&eacute;rison, le soutien mutuel et l&#39;autod&eacute;termination collective.</font></span></p> <p align="justify" class="sdfootnote" style="text-indent:0cm"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif">Source&nbsp;: <a class="western" href="https://strasbourg.carpe-diem.events/calendar/9069933-introduction-au-design-de-syst-me-dialogique-avec-dominic-barter-at-bordeaux-france/">https://strasbourg.carpe-diem.events/calendar/9069933-introduction-au-design-de-syst-me-dialogique-avec-dominic-barter-at-bordeaux-france/</a> (consu</font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif">lt&eacute; le 15 </font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif">septembr</font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif">e</font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"> 2019).</font></p> </div> <div id="sdfootnote14"> <p align="justify" class="sdfootnote" style="text-indent:0cm"><span style="line-height:100%"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><a class="sdfootnotesym" href="#sdfootnote14anc" name="sdfootnote14sym">14</a>&nbsp;<font color="#000000"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">Le psychologue cognitif Jerome Bruner (1986, p.11) affirme </span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">q</span></span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">ue les &ecirc;tres humains ont deux modes de fonctionnement cognitif, deux modes de pens&eacute;e, chacun offrant des moyens distinctifs pour commander des exp&eacute;riences et construire la r&eacute;alit&eacute;&nbsp;:</span></span></span></font></font></font></span></p> <p align="justify" class="western"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="line-height:100%"><span style="page-break-before:auto"><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt">-&nbsp;Le mode paradigmatique ou logico-scientifique, que nous utilisons pour construire un argument&nbsp;; et</font></font></font></font></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="sdfootnote" style="text-indent:0cm"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="line-height:100%"><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt">-&nbsp;Le mode narratif, que nous utilisons pour raconter une histoire.</font></font></font></font></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="sdfootnote15"> <p class="sdfootnote" style="text-indent:0cm"><span style="page-break-before:always"><font face="Liberation Sans, sans-serif"><a class="sdfootnotesym" href="#sdfootnote15anc" name="sdfootnote15sym">15</a><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;Selon l&#39;expression de l&#39;imagineer Will Hastings </font></font><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt">dans l&#39;ouvrage </font></font><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><i>The Imagineering Way </i></font></font><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt">(</font></font><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt">2003, p.67).</font></font></font></span></p> </div> <div id="sdfootnote16"> <p class="sdfootnote" style="text-indent:0cm"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><a class="sdfootnotesym" href="#sdfootnote16anc" name="sdfootnote16sym">16</a>&nbsp;Ces interactions facilitant la transformation sociale par un recalibrage de la normalit&eacute; sociale s&#39;ancrent, dans notre m&eacute;thodologie, dans les paradigmes du &laquo;&nbsp;co-constructivisme&nbsp;&raquo; et du constructionnisme social.</font></p> </div> <div id="sdfootnote17"> <p align="justify" class="sdfootnote" style="text-indent:0cm"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><a class="sdfootnotesym" href="#sdfootnote17anc" name="sdfootnote17sym">17</a>&nbsp;Richard Stallman (2002) d&eacute;finit l&#39;id&eacute;alisme pragmatique en ces termes&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;Si vous voulez accomplir quelque chose dans le monde, l&#39;id&eacute;alisme ne suffit pas&nbsp;; le choix d&#39;une m&eacute;thode qui m&egrave;ne &agrave; l&#39;accomplissement de ce but est n&eacute;cessaire. En d&#39;autres termes, vous devez &ecirc;tre pragmatique&nbsp;&raquo;.</font></p> </div> <div id="sdfootnote18"> <p align="justify" class="sdfootnote" style="text-indent:0cm"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><a class="sdfootnotesym" href="#sdfootnote18anc" name="sdfootnote18sym">18</a>&nbsp;L&#39;art est ici d&eacute;fini comme une technique sensible qui s&#39;affine avec le travail et l&#39;&eacute;volution induite par cette pratique. Le travail renvoie &agrave; toute activit&eacute; qui mobilise des savoirs (&ecirc;tre, vivre, ressentir, penser, raisonner et faire) et garantit un degr&eacute; d&#39;autonomie concernant la mani&egrave;re de la pratiquer. La technologie renvoie, quant &agrave; elle, &agrave; l&#39;&eacute;tude et au discours sur la technique, ainsi qu&#39;&agrave; la r&eacute;g&eacute;n&eacute;ration de celle-ci par le biais d&#39;une posture &eacute;pist&eacute;mologique &laquo;&nbsp;r&eacute;soactive&nbsp;&raquo; qui invente de nouvelles r&eacute;alit&eacute;s. La r&eacute;soaction renvoie &agrave; une d&eacute;marche de r&ecirc;ve, de raisonnement et d&#39;action en r&eacute;seau ouvert et distribu&eacute; de pair-&agrave;-pair visant &agrave; r&eacute;g&eacute;n&eacute;rer l&#39;&eacute;cosyst&egrave;me naturel ainsi que des cultures locales diversifi&eacute;es.</font></p> </div> <div id="sdfootnote19"> <p align="justify" class="sdfootnote" style="text-indent:0cm"><a class="sdfootnotesym" href="#sdfootnote19anc" name="sdfootnote19sym">19</a><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif">&nbsp;</font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif">Pour une compr&eacute;hension globale de la constitution et du fonctionnement de </font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif">ce</font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"> mod&egrave;le, nous renvoyons &agrave; notre article publi&eacute; dans la revue COSSI&nbsp;: <a class="western" href="https://revue-cossi.info/numeros/n-5-2018-processus-normalisation-durabilite-information/1059-notes-de-recherche/735-5-2018-bonnecarrere">https://revue-cossi.info/numeros/n-5-2018-processus-normalisation-durabilite-information/1059-notes-de-recherche/735-5-2018-bonnecarrere</a> (consult&eacute; le </font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif">15 septembre</font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"> 2019).</font></p> </div> <div id="sdfootnote20"> <p align="justify" class="sdfootnote" style="text-indent:0cm"><a class="sdfootnotesym" href="#sdfootnote20anc" name="sdfootnote20sym">20</a><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif">&nbsp;</font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif">Voir, en guise d&#39;exempl</font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif">e, un </font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif">a</font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif">rticle concernant les MAGITECH, tir&eacute; de notre communication au colloque scientifique international ITRA (International Toy Research Association)&nbsp;:</font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"> <a class="western" href="https://hal-univ-paris13.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02090895">https://hal-univ-paris13.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02090895</a> (consult&eacute; le </font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif">1</font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif">5</font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"> septembre 2019).</font></p> </div> <div id="sdfootnote21"> <p align="justify" class="sdfootnote" style="text-indent:0cm"><a class="sdfootnotesym" href="#sdfootnote21anc" name="sdfootnote21sym">21</a><em><font color="#111111"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#111111"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">La synergie renvoie &agrave; la mise en commun de moyens qui se renforcent entre eux afin d&#39;aboutir &agrave; un m&ecirc;me but. Dans le cadre </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#111111"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">de notre</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#111111"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> mod&egrave;le </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#111111"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">ImagineerInt</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#111111"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">, ce but est de d&eacute;velopper, prot&eacute;ger et valoriser des savoirs </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#111111"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">hybrides</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#111111"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"> issus d&#39;intelligences multiples et diversifi&eacute;es ancr&eacute;es dans des cultures locales singuli&egrave;res savoureuses </span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#111111"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal">s&#39;enrichissant mutuellement dans une logique de m&eacute;tissage.</span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em></p> </div> <div id="sdfootnote22"> <p align="justify" class="sdfootnote" style="text-indent:0cm"><a class="sdfootnotesym" href="#sdfootnote22anc" name="sdfootnote22sym">22</a><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</font></font></font><em><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">Le co-cons</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">tructivisme renvoie, selon Morin, &agrave; </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">la </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">&laquo; collaboration du monde ext&eacute;rieur et de notre esprit pour construire&nbsp;la&nbsp;r&eacute;alit&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo; </span></span></font></font></font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">(source&nbsp;:</span></span></font></font></font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"> </font></font></font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"><a class="western" href="https://www.nonfiction.fr/article-960-entretien_avec_edgar_morin__2__science_et_philosophie.htm">https://www.nonfiction.fr/article-960-entretien_avec_edgar_morin__2__science_et_philosophie.htm</a>). </span></span></font></font></font><em><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">Le</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> constructivisme critique</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> regarde le </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">constructivisme (qui stipule que l&#39;esprit construit la r&eacute;alit&eacute;)</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> dans un environnement culturel et social, </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">tout en rajoutant </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">une dimension critique ayant pour but de reformer ces environnements afin d&#39;am&eacute;liorer le succ&egrave;s du constructivisme appliqu&eacute; &agrave; un r&eacute;f&eacute;rent. Taylor (199</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">8</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">)</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> d&eacute;crit le constructivisme critique comme une &eacute;pist&eacute;mologie sociale qui adresse le contexte socio-culturel de la construction de la connaissance et s&#39;en sert comme r&eacute;f&eacute;rence pour une r&eacute;forme culturelle. </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">E</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">nf</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">i</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">n, l</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">e paradigme</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> du constructionnisme socia</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><em><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">l </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></em><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><span style="background:#ffffff">impose la dynamique de communication comme </span></font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><span style="background:#ffffff">g&eacute;n&eacute;rateur </span></font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><span style="background:#ffffff">principal de changemen</span></font><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><span style="background:#ffffff">t</span></font><strong><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"> </font></font></font></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">(Nijs, </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">2014, p.144</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">). </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">C</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">e paradigme s</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">ugg&egrave;re que</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> &laquo;&nbsp;les changements dans la fa&ccedil;on dont les gens se parlent (normes et processus de conversation, contenu conversationnel, </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">piste narrative</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">, et</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">c</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">) cr&eacute;ent des changements dans la mani&egrave;re dont les gens agissen</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">t&nbsp;&raquo; </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">(Gergen,&nbsp;1994</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">a, </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">1994</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">b</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff"> et Shotter,&nbsp;1993 chez Ferdig et Ludema, 2005, </span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">p.</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">173</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></strong><strong><font color="#000000"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="background:#ffffff">).</span></span></span></span></font></font></font></font></strong></p> </div> <div id="sdfootnote23"> <p align="justify" class="sdfootnote" style="text-indent:0cm"><font face="FreeSans, sans-serif"><font size="2"><a class="sdfootnotesym" href="#sdfootnote23anc" name="sdfootnote23sym">23</a>&nbsp;Qui fait dialoguer l&#39;&eacute;tude et la construction de la connaissance (&eacute;pist&eacute;mologie), de l&#39;ignorance (agnotologie selon Proctor et <span style="font-variant:normal"><font face="Arial, sans-serif"><font size="2"><font style="font-size: 11pt"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="font-style:normal">Schiebinger</span></span></font></font></font></span>, 2008) et de l&#39;action (prax&eacute;ologie).</font></font></p> </div>