<p class="COSSI-corpsdetexte" style="text-align:justify; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-indent:36pt"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">L&rsquo;intelligence artificielle est une expression fourre-tout, qui suscite autant d&rsquo;espoirs que de craintes. Cette expression est pr&eacute;sente dans les m&eacute;dias, les conf&eacute;rences, les conversations, mais aussi les appels &agrave; projets des institutions de recherche et de diverses associations. Les enjeux de la pr&eacute;sence de l&rsquo;IA dans nos diff&eacute;rentes activit&eacute;s (enseignement, production m&eacute;diatique, prise de d&eacute;cision, dans le domaine juridique ou bien m&eacute;dical) restent cependant &agrave; d&eacute;couvrir.&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="COSSI-corpsdetexte" style="text-align:justify; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-indent:36pt"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">La pol&eacute;mique autour de ChatGPT, l&#39;outil public d&eacute;velopp&eacute; par OpenAI, a fait &eacute;clater le d&eacute;bat autour de l&#39;utilisation, de mani&egrave;re g&eacute;n&eacute;rale, de l&#39;intelligence artificielle dans toutes les activit&eacute;s intellectuelles. ChatGPT a &eacute;t&eacute; salu&eacute; pour sa capacit&eacute; &agrave; comprendre le langage naturel et &agrave; g&eacute;n&eacute;rer des r&eacute;ponses de type humain, mais il a &eacute;galement soulev&eacute; des inqui&eacute;tudes. Ces pr&eacute;occupations pointent g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement les implications &eacute;thiques, la reproduction de contenus pr&eacute;judiciables, des violations de la vie priv&eacute;e, des donn&eacute;es de formation biais&eacute;es.&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="COSSI-corpsdetexte" style="text-align:justify; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-indent:36pt"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Dans l&#39;espace public roumain, le d&eacute;bat autour de ChatGPT a &eacute;t&eacute; principalement centr&eacute; sur ses capacit&eacute;s de divertissement ainsi que &agrave; propos des pr&eacute;occupations concernant son utilisation non &eacute;thique dans un contexte universitaire.<br /> En France, les d&eacute;bats r&eacute;cents concernant les derniers instruments en date de l&rsquo;Intelligence Artificielle, les algorithmes conversationnels de type ChatGPT, concernent &eacute;galement les questions &eacute;thiques et les enjeux de leurs applications dans le domaine de l&rsquo;enseignement et des m&eacute;dias. Sont &eacute;galement interrog&eacute;s les mod&egrave;les &ldquo;artificiels&rdquo; de construction du langage utilis&eacute;s par ces logiciels et, ainsi, leur rapport &agrave; l&rsquo;action et &agrave; la politique.&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="COSSI-corpsdetexte" style="text-align:justify; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-indent:36pt"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Les titres d&eacute;di&eacute;s par certaines revues scientifiques fran&ccedil;aises au ph&eacute;nom&egrave;ne en disent d&eacute;j&agrave; beaucoup sur la perception de l&rsquo;&eacute;mergence de l&rsquo;IA y compris dans le milieu scientifique : &laquo; Contr&ocirc;ler l&rsquo;intelligence artificielle? &raquo; (revue R&eacute;seaux, 2022), &laquo; Faut-il craindre l&rsquo;intelligence artificielle&nbsp;&raquo; (Alternatives &eacute;conomiques, 2021), &laquo; L&rsquo;Intelligence artificielle : raison et magie &raquo; (Quaderni, 2021/2022).<br /> En analysant comment le statut social de l&rsquo;IA est construit dans le d&eacute;bat public, Bran et al. (2023) identifient une vari&eacute;t&eacute; de positions discursives, de l&rsquo;IA comme coll&egrave;gue de travail comp&eacute;tent et cr&eacute;atif jusqu&rsquo;&agrave; l&rsquo;IA comme un outil qui recombine des informations d&rsquo;une mani&egrave;re qui n&rsquo;est pas intelligente ou m&ecirc;me comme un magicien cr&eacute;atif. Souvent, dans le discours des m&eacute;dias sur l&rsquo;IA il y a un vocabulaire contradictoire, on per&ccedil;oit l&rsquo;IA soit comme cr&eacute;atif, soit comme purement imitatif, parfois comp&eacute;tent, mais aussi souvent incomp&eacute;tent (Bran et al., 2023).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="COSSI-corpsdetexte" style="text-align:justify; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-indent:18pt"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Nous nous proposons d&rsquo;identifier la repr&eacute;sentation de l&rsquo;intelligence artificielle dans le discours des m&eacute;dias roumains et fran&ccedil;ais, en utilisant une grille d&rsquo;analyse qui identifie les cadrages dominants dans le discours public &agrave; propos de l&rsquo;IA qui sera appliqu&eacute;e sur un corpus d&rsquo;articles de presse des deux pays afin de r&eacute;aliser une approche comparative. Notre but c&rsquo;est d&rsquo;identifier les &eacute;l&eacute;ments des r&eacute;cits qui sont construits par les m&eacute;dias des deux pays pour parler de l&rsquo;IA. Notre corpus est constitu&eacute; d&rsquo;une s&eacute;lection d&rsquo;articles publi&eacute;s entre mars 2023 et f&eacute;vrier 2024 dans les m&eacute;dias des deux pays, en privil&eacute;giant les articles d&rsquo;opinion devant ceux purement informatifs. Nous avons pris comme point de rep&egrave;re mars 2023, soit le moment de la publication d&rsquo;une lettre ouverte par Elon Musk et une centaine d&rsquo;experts du secteur de l&rsquo;IA qui appelaient &agrave; une pause de six mois dans le d&eacute;veloppement de syst&egrave;mes d&rsquo;IA g&eacute;n&eacute;rative plus puissants que ChatGPT 4 qui venait d&rsquo;&ecirc;tre lanc&eacute; par OpenAI, citant les risques pour la soci&eacute;t&eacute; et l&rsquo;humanit&eacute;.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:0cm; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:0cm; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:0cm; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:0cm; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">R&eacute;f&eacute;rences (s&eacute;lection)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="reference" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:0cm; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">&nbsp;</p> <p class="EndNoteBibliography" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-36pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:9pt">Alexandre, L. (2017).&nbsp;<i>La Guerre des Intelligences &ndash; Intelligence Artificielle versus Intelligence Humaine</i>. Editions Jean-Claude Latt&egrave;s.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="EndNoteBibliography" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-36pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:9pt">Bran, E., Rughinis, C., Nadoleanu, G, Flaherty, M. (2023). The Emerging Social Status of Generative AI: Vocabularies of AI Competence in Public Discourse.&nbsp;<i>Conference paper</i>. 10.1109/CSCS59211.2023.00068.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="EndNoteBibliography" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-36pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:9pt">Brunet E., Lebart L., Vanni L. (2021). Litt&eacute;rature et intelligence artificielle. Dans D. Mayaffre, L. 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(2021). L&rsquo;intelligence artificielle. Dans Olivier Houd&eacute; &eacute;d.,&nbsp;<i>L&#39;intelligence</i>., pp. 91-118. Presses Universitaires de France.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="EndNoteBibliography" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-36pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:9pt">Julia, L. (2018).&nbsp;<i>L&rsquo;Intelligence artificielle n&rsquo;existe pas.</i>&nbsp;Editions First.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="EndNoteBibliography" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-36pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:9pt">Meneceur, Yannick (2020). L&#39;intelligence artificielle en proc&egrave;s: Plaidoyer pour une r&eacute;glementation internationale et europ&eacute;enne. 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L&rsquo;intelligence artificielle dans la soci&eacute;t&eacute;. &Eacute;ditions de l&#39;OCDE, 2019</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="EndNoteBibliography" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:0cm; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:9pt">P&eacute;lissier, D. (2020). La coconstruction ambigu&euml; de l&rsquo;intelligence artificielle (IA), analyse de la conception de l&rsquo;intervention d&rsquo;ouverture de chatbots de recrutement. Communication &amp; management, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 67-82.&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="EndNoteBibliography" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-36pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:9pt">Zouinar, M. (2020). &Eacute;volutions de l&rsquo;Intelligence Artificielle : quels enjeux pour l&rsquo;activit&eacute; humaine et la relation Humain Machine au travail ? &raquo;, Activit&eacute;s [En ligne], 17-1 | 2020, mis en ligne le 15 avril 2020, consult&eacute; le 30 mai 2023. URL :&nbsp;</span><a href="http://journals.openedition.org.bibelec.univ-lyon2.fr/activites/494" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif; color:#96607d; text-decoration:underline"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:9pt">http://journals.openedition.org.bibelec.univ-lyon2.fr/activites/494</span></a><span lang="FR" style="font-size:9pt">. DOI : https://doi-org.bibelec.univ-lyon2.fr/10.4000/activites.4941.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="EndNoteBibliography" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-36pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-left:48px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:11.35pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:11.35pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:11.35pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:11.35pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:11.35pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>