<p>R&eacute;sum&eacute;</p> <p class="p1a" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">L&rsquo;intelligence artificielle est une expression fourre-tout, qui suscite autant d&rsquo;espoirs que de craintes. Cette expression est pr&eacute;sente dans les m&eacute;dias, les conf&eacute;rences, les conversations, mais aussi les appels &agrave; projets des institutions de recherche et de diverses associations. Les enjeux de la pr&eacute;sence de l&rsquo;IA dans nos diff&eacute;rentes activit&eacute;s (enseignement, production m&eacute;diatique, prise de d&eacute;cision, dans le domaine juridique ou bien m&eacute;dical) restent cependant &agrave; d&eacute;couvrir.&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:0cm; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">La pol&eacute;mique autour de ChatGPT, l&#39;outil public d&eacute;velopp&eacute; par OpenAI, a fait &eacute;clater le d&eacute;bat autour de l&#39;utilisation, de mani&egrave;re g&eacute;n&eacute;rale, de l&#39;intelligence artificielle dans toutes les activit&eacute;s intellectuelles. ChatGPT a &eacute;t&eacute; salu&eacute; pour sa capacit&eacute; &agrave; comprendre le langage naturel et &agrave; g&eacute;n&eacute;rer des r&eacute;ponses de type humain, mais il a &eacute;galement soulev&eacute; des inqui&eacute;tudes. Ces pr&eacute;occupations pointent g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement les implications &eacute;thiques, la reproduction de contenus pr&eacute;judiciables, des violations de la vie priv&eacute;e, des donn&eacute;es de formation biais&eacute;es.&nbsp;<br /> Dans l&#39;espace public roumain, le d&eacute;bat autour de ChatGPT a &eacute;t&eacute; principalement centr&eacute; sur ses capacit&eacute;s de divertissement ainsi que &agrave; propos des pr&eacute;occupations concernant son utilisation non &eacute;thique dans un contexte universitaire.<br /> En France, les d&eacute;bats r&eacute;cents concernant les derniers instruments en date de l&rsquo;Intelligence Artificielle, les algorithmes conversationnels de type ChatGPT, concernent &eacute;galement les questions &eacute;thiques et les enjeux de leurs applications dans le domaine de l&rsquo;enseignement et des m&eacute;dias. Sont &eacute;galement interrog&eacute;s les mod&egrave;les &ldquo;artificiels&rdquo; de construction du langage utilis&eacute;s par ces logiciels et, ainsi, leur rapport &agrave; l&rsquo;action et &agrave; la politique.&nbsp;<br /> Le terme &laquo; intelligence artificielle &raquo; (IA) date de 1956, mais il a connu un vrai essor de nos jours. Certaines d&eacute;finitions de l&#39;IA la d&eacute;crivent comme &quot;la capacit&eacute; des machines &agrave; effectuer des t&acirc;ches qui n&eacute;cessitent g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement une compr&eacute;hension de type humain&quot; (Knowledge &amp; Wharton, 2018) ou &quot;une application sophistiqu&eacute;e de la technologie par laquelle une machine d&eacute;montre des fonctions cognitives humaines telles que l&#39;apprentissage, l&#39;analyse et la r&eacute;solution de probl&egrave;mes&quot; (Valin, 2018).&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:0cm; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Les titres d&eacute;di&eacute;s par certaines revues scientifiques fran&ccedil;aises au ph&eacute;nom&egrave;ne en disent d&eacute;j&agrave; beaucoup sur la perception de l&rsquo;&eacute;mergence de l&rsquo;IA y compris dans le milieu scientifique : &laquo; Contr&ocirc;ler l&rsquo;intelligence artificielle? &raquo; (revue R&eacute;seaux, 2022), &laquo; Faut-il craindre l&rsquo;intelligence artificielle (Alternatives &eacute;conomiques, 2021), &laquo; L&rsquo;Intelligence artificielle : raison et magie &raquo; (Quaderni, 2021/2022).<br /> En analysant comment le statut social de l&rsquo;IA est construit dans le d&eacute;bat public, Bran et al. (2023) identifient une vari&eacute;t&eacute; de positions discursives, de l&rsquo;IA comme coll&egrave;gue de travail comp&eacute;tent et cr&eacute;atif jusqu&rsquo;&agrave; l&rsquo;IA comme un outil qui re-combine des informations d&rsquo;une mani&egrave;re qui n&rsquo;est pas intelligente ou m&ecirc;me comme un magicien cr&eacute;atif. Souvent, dans le discours des m&eacute;dias sur l&rsquo;IA il y a un vocabulaire contradictoire, on per&ccedil;oit l&rsquo;IA soit comme cr&eacute;atif, soit comme purement imitatif, parfois comp&eacute;tent, mais aussi souvent incomp&eacute;tent (Bran et al., 2023).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <ol> <li class="heading1" style="margin-left:8px; text-align:justify; margin-top:35px; margin-bottom:19px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="font-weight:bold">Objectifs et m&eacute;thodologie</span></span></span></li> </ol> <p class="MsoBodyText" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:0cm; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-bottom:8px"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="line-height:12.666666px"><span lang="FR" style="color:black">Nous nous proposons d&rsquo;identifier la repr&eacute;sentation de l&rsquo;intelligence artificielle dans les m&eacute;dias roumains et fran&ccedil;ais, en utilisant une grille d&rsquo;analyse de discours qui identifie les cadrages dominants dans le discours public &agrave; propos de l&rsquo;IA qui sera appliqu&eacute;e sur un corpus d&rsquo;articles de presse des deux pays afin de r&eacute;aliser une approche comparative. Nous suivrons&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="heading1" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-top:35px; margin-bottom:19px"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="break-after:avoid"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">4. R&eacute;sultats et discussion</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="heading2" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-top:29px; margin-bottom:15px"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="break-after:avoid"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="FR" style="font-weight:normal">Nous pourrons &eacute;galement d&eacute;terminer les caract&eacute;ristiques du discours public d&eacute;velopp&eacute; dans les deux pays autour de l&rsquo;IA dans le domaine acad&eacute;mique.&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:11.35pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:0cm; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><b>Remerciements.</b>&nbsp;Le projet de recherche&nbsp;L&rsquo;impact de l&rsquo;intelligence artificielle (IA) sur les pratiques professionnelles dans l&rsquo;enseignement universitaire de communication et m&eacute;dias (IACOM)<br /> b&eacute;n&eacute;ficie du soutien financier de l&rsquo;Agence universitare de la Francophonie dans le cadre de l&rsquo;&ldquo;Appel &agrave; projets 2023 - Soutien aux Equipes de recherche en Europe Centrale et Orientale &ndash; SER-ECO&rdquo;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:0cm; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:0cm; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">R&eacute;f&eacute;rences</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="reference" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:0cm; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">&nbsp;</p> <p class="EndNoteBibliography" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-36pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:9pt">Alexandre, L. (2017).&nbsp;<i>La Guerre des Intelligences &ndash; Intelligence Artificielle versus Intelligence Humaine</i>. Editions Jean-Claude Latt&egrave;s.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="EndNoteBibliography" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-36pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:9pt">Bran, E., Rughinis, C., Nadoleanu, G, Flaherty, M. (2023). 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Artificial intelligence in education: A review.&nbsp;<i>Ieee Access</i>, 8, 75264-75278.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="EndNoteBibliography" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-36pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:9pt">Gendron, Y., Andrew, J., &amp; Cooper, C. (2022). The perils of artificial intelligence in academic publishing.&nbsp;<i>Critical Perspectives on Accounting</i>, 87, 102411.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="EndNoteBibliography" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-36pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:9pt">Golan, R., Reddy, R., Muthigi, A., &amp; Ramasamy, R. (2023). Artificial intelligence in academic writing: a paradigm-shifting technological advance.&nbsp;<i>Nature Reviews Urology</i>, 1-2.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="EndNoteBibliography" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-36pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:9pt">Zmijewski, P., &amp; Saad, H. B. (2023). From human writing to artificial intelligence generated text: examining the prospects and potential threats of ChatGPT in academic writing.&nbsp;<i>Biology of Sport</i>, 40(2), 615-622.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="EndNoteBibliography" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-36pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:9pt">Houd&eacute;, O. (2021). L&rsquo;intelligence artificielle. Dans Olivier Houd&eacute; &eacute;d.,&nbsp;<i>L&#39;intelligence</i>., pp. 91-118. Presses Universitaires de France.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="EndNoteBibliography" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-36pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-left:48px"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Times"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:9pt">Julia, L. 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