<p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:35.45pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-bottom:8px"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Le document brevet se pr&ecirc;te à nombre d&rsquo;analyses, par d&eacute;duction, induction ou abduction, pour la production d&rsquo;informations de niveaux tr&egrave;s diff&eacute;rents. Les m&eacute;tadonn&eacute;es issues des documents brevets offrent pl&eacute;thore d&rsquo;informations utilisables dans des contextes tr&egrave;s vari&eacute;s (Jakobiak,1994). L&rsquo;appr&eacute;hension de la documentation brevet s&rsquo;articule sur deux plans : l&rsquo;information directe extraite des documents ou de leur description, et l&rsquo;information indirecte tir&eacute;e de l&rsquo;analyse statistique&nbsp;(Reymond, 2017).&nbsp;Dans le domaine acad&eacute;mique, de nombreuses &eacute;tudes statistiques ont &eacute;t&eacute; r&eacute;alis&eacute;es au moyen des bases de donn&eacute;es de brevets au cours de ces derni&egrave;res ann&eacute;es, initialement afin d&rsquo;en extraire divers indicateurs macro-&eacute;conomiques mesurant l&rsquo;activit&eacute; inventive (Hall, 2004).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:35.45pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-bottom:8px"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Nous proposons dans notre article d&rsquo;analyser la puissance innovatrice de la Chine. Nous nous interrogeons si ce pays, qui est devenu en quelques ann&eacute;es le premier demandeur de brevets dans le monde, rel&egrave;ve d&rsquo;un r&eacute;el r&eacute;servoir d&rsquo;invention effectif ou d&rsquo;une strat&eacute;gie de sharp power. En d&rsquo;autres termes, est-ce que la Chine, qualifi&eacute;e jadis d&rsquo;&laquo; usine du monde &raquo; (Ma, Lee et Chen, 2009), est devenue un v&eacute;ritable &laquo;&nbsp;moteur de la R&amp;D mondiale&nbsp;&raquo; (Dou, Juillet et Clerc, 2018) ? Cette &eacute;tude exploratoire vise &agrave; apporter des &eacute;l&eacute;ments de r&eacute;ponse &agrave; la probl&eacute;matique suivante&nbsp;: Peut-on d&eacute;celer une strat&eacute;gie de sharp power &agrave; travers l&rsquo;analyse de l&rsquo;information brevet&nbsp;?</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:35.45pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-bottom:8px"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="color:black">Dans les &eacute;conomies contemporaines, la politique industrielle (strat&eacute;gie pour encourager le d&eacute;veloppement des secteurs &eacute;conomiques) se traduit souvent sous forme de soutien &agrave; l&rsquo;innovation et &agrave; la R&amp;D (Lundvall, 1992). Les politiques visant &agrave; dynamiser l&rsquo;innovation en Chine sont nombreuses</span>.<span style="color:black">&nbsp;La mise en place d&rsquo;une politique de propri&eacute;t&eacute; intellectuelle, visant &agrave; valoriser l&rsquo;innovation et &agrave; am&eacute;liorer la comp&eacute;titivit&eacute; nationale, notamment&nbsp;</span>en subventionnant les co&ucirc;ts d&rsquo;obtention de brevets (taxes), en constitue l&rsquo;un des &eacute;l&eacute;ments fondamentaux (Dang et Motohashi, 2015).&nbsp;<span style="color:black">L&rsquo;objectif de cette strat&eacute;gie est de doter les entreprises chinoises d&rsquo;un portefeuille de brevets &eacute;quivalents &agrave; leurs concurrents &eacute;trangers et de devenir&nbsp;</span>un pays leader en mati&egrave;re d&rsquo;innovation<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a>. Cette politique a engendr&eacute; un nombre croissant de demandes de brevets dans le pays, atteignant le seuil de 1,2 million de demandes en 2016 (Dutta et al., 2017).&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:35.45pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-bottom:8px"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Cette hausse significative des demandes a suscit&eacute; la curiosit&eacute; scientifique des chercheurs. Naturellement, une augmentation de la quantit&eacute; de brevets soul&egrave;ve des questions quant &agrave; la valeur d&#39;un brevet (Ding et Chen, 2017). Hall et Harhoff (2004) indiquent que la d&eacute;livrance de brevets de qualit&eacute; m&eacute;diocre est susceptible d&#39;entra&icirc;ner une augmentation importante du nombre de demandes de brevets. Les chercheurs se sont interrog&eacute; si cette &eacute;volution est un indicateur fiable de la croissance des capacit&eacute;s d&rsquo;innovation dans les industries chinoises. Autrement dit, quelle est la valeur ou la qualit&eacute; des brevets chinois&nbsp;?&nbsp;&nbsp;Dans la premi&egrave;re partie de notre article nous allons essayer d&rsquo;apporter des &eacute;l&eacute;ments de r&eacute;ponses &agrave; ce questionnement.&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:35.45pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-bottom:8px"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">&Eacute;tant donn&eacute; que la transformation de la &laquo;&nbsp;Chine en une &eacute;conomie fond&eacute;e sur la connaissance est l&rsquo;une des questions de recherche les plus d&eacute;battues&nbsp;&raquo;<a href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a>&nbsp;(Scherngell, Borowiecki et Hu, 2014, p.82), nous allons dans la deuxi&egrave;me partie de notre article s&rsquo;int&eacute;resser &agrave; trois principales th&eacute;matiques qui vont nous aider &agrave; mieux appr&eacute;hender cette transformation, &agrave; savoir&nbsp;:&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="margin-left:17px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">l&rsquo;analyse de l&rsquo;&eacute;volution de la technologie (Zheng et al., 2011&nbsp;; Wong et Wang, 2015&nbsp;; Trappey et al., 2011&nbsp;; Nepelski et de Prato, 2015).</span></span></span></li> <li style="margin-left:17px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">l&rsquo;&eacute;tude de l&rsquo;impact du syst&egrave;me de propri&eacute;t&eacute; intellectuelle sur le d&eacute;veloppement de l&rsquo;innovation (Sun, 2003&nbsp;; Frietsch et Wang, 2007&nbsp;; Yueh, 2009&nbsp;; Liang et Xue, 2010)&nbsp;;</span></span></span></li> <li style="margin-left:17px; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:8px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">l&rsquo;&eacute;valuation des capacit&eacute;s d&rsquo;innovation des entreprises (Fisch, Block et Sander, 2018&nbsp;; Pan et al., 2017&nbsp;; Liu, 2014b).</span></span></span></li> </ul> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:35.45pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-bottom:8px"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Les travaux scientifiques abord&eacute;s dans ces th&egrave;mes ont tous un point en commun&nbsp;: l&rsquo;examen de l&rsquo;innovation chinoise &agrave; travers l&rsquo;analyse des donn&eacute;es relatives aux brevets. Par le biais de ces travaux, nous avons un double objectif. Le premier est d&rsquo;ordre m&eacute;thodologique en tentant de comprendre comment l&rsquo;information brevet est exploit&eacute;e par les chercheurs. Le deuxi&egrave;me concerne les r&eacute;sultats obtenus. Il s&rsquo;agit de savoir quelle est la proportion des innovations &agrave; valeur ajout&eacute;e dans l&#39;&nbsp;&laquo;&nbsp;explosion artificielle du nombre de brevets chinois&nbsp;&raquo; (Fisch, Sander et Regner, 2017).&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="Bibliographieperso" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:0cm; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-bottom:8px"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><b>Bibliographie</b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="Bibliographieperso" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-49.65pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-bottom:8px; margin-left:66px"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">DANG J., MOTOHASHI K., &laquo;&nbsp;Patent statistics: A good indicator for innovation in China ? Patent subsidy program impacts on patent quality&nbsp;&raquo;, China Economic Review, Vol.35, pp. 137-155, 2015.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="Bibliographieperso" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-49.65pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-bottom:8px; margin-left:66px"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">DING L., CHEN Z., &laquo; A Review of the Research on Patent Quality in China &raquo;, International Conference on Arts and Design, Education and Social Sciences (ADESS), 2017.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-49.65pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-bottom:8px; margin-left:66px"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">DOU H., JUILLET A., CLERC P., L&rsquo;intelligence &eacute;conomique du futur 2&nbsp;: Une nouvelle approche de la fonction information, ISTE &Eacute;ditions, Londres, 2018.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-49.65pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-bottom:8px; margin-left:66px"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="background-position:initial initial"><span style="background-repeat:initial initial">DUTTA S</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="background-position:initial initial"><span style="background-repeat:initial initial">.</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="background-position:initial initial"><span style="background-repeat:initial initial">, LANVIN</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="background-position:initial initial"><span style="background-repeat:initial initial">&nbsp;B.</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="background-position:initial initial"><span style="background-repeat:initial initial">, WUNSCH-VINCENT S</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="background-position:initial initial"><span style="background-repeat:initial initial">.,&nbsp;</span></span></span></span>The global innovation index 2017: Innovation feeding the world<span lang="EN-US" style="color:black"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="background-position:initial initial"><span style="background-repeat:initial initial">,&nbsp;</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="background-position:initial initial"><span style="background-repeat:initial initial">Cornell University,</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="background-position:initial initial"><span style="background-repeat:initial initial">&nbsp;INSEAD, WIP, Ithaca, Fontainebleau, Gen&egrave;ve, 2017.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="Bibliographieperso" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-49.65pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-bottom:8px; margin-left:66px"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">FISCH C., BLOCK J., SANDNER P., &laquo; The impact of acquisitions on Chinese acquirers&rsquo; innovation performance: an empirical investigation of 1545 Chinese acquisitions &raquo;, Journal of Business Economics, JEL-M16-O33-O34-P30, pp. 1-29, 2018.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="Bibliographieperso" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-49.65pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-bottom:8px; margin-left:66px"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">FISCH, C., SANDNER, P., REGNER, L., &laquo;&nbsp;The value of Chinese patents: An empirical investigation of citation lags&nbsp;&raquo;, China Economic Review, Vol.45, pp. 22-34, 2017.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="Bibliographieperso" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-49.65pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-bottom:8px; margin-left:66px"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">FRIETSCH R., WANG J., &laquo;&nbsp;Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation Activities in China: Evidence from Patents and Publications&nbsp;&raquo;, Fraunhofer ISI discussion papers innovation systems and policy analysis, N&deg;13, pp. 1-26, 2007.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="Bibliographieperso" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-49.65pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-bottom:8px; margin-left:66px"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">HALL B.H., &laquo; Patent data as indicators &raquo;, WIPO-Patents as Indicators, Presentation to WIPO, 2004.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="Bibliographieperso" style="text-align:justify; text-indent:-49.65pt; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; margin-bottom:8px; margin-left:66px"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">HALL B.H., HARHOFF, D.,&nbsp;&laquo;&nbsp;Post-Grant Reviews in the US Patent System-Design Choices and Expected Impact&nbsp;&raquo;, Berkeley Tech. 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