<p>R&eacute;sum&eacute;</p> <p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:1cm"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="line-height:24px"><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">La valorisation de la&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">compétence plurilingue et pluriculturelle</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">&nbsp;(</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">Coste, Moore, Zarate</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">2009)&nbsp;</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">fait l&rsquo;objet de nombreuses recherches scientifiques dans le cadre de l&rsquo;enseignement-apprentissage des langues. Elle est pr&eacute;sent&eacute;e comme la base d&rsquo;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">une attitude positive</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">&nbsp;d&rsquo;ouverture &agrave; l&rsquo;alt&eacute;rit&eacute; et &agrave; la&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">d&eacute;couverte&nbsp;</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">des&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">autres cultures</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">. En effet, le d&eacute;veloppement de telle comp&eacute;tence permet aux</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">&nbsp;apprenants</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">&nbsp;de mobiliser</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">&nbsp;la connaissance de toutes les langues&nbsp;</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">rencontr&eacute;es au cours de leur vie, et plus ou moins maitris&eacute;es,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">pour soutenir le développement&nbsp;</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">de l&rsquo;apprentissage de la langue cible (CECRL,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT, serif">2001 :&nbsp;</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT, serif">105-</span><span style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT, serif">1</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT, serif">06</span><span style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT, serif">)</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">. Au c&oelig;ur de la soci&eacute;t&eacute; dans laquelle ils &eacute;voluent, ils deviennent des &laquo;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">locuteurs ou des médiateurs interculturels, capables de s&rsquo;engager dans un cadre complexe et un contexte</span>&nbsp;<span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">d&rsquo;identités multiples&nbsp;</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">&raquo;</span>&nbsp;<span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">(</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">Byram</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">s.d</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">.&nbsp;: 9).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:1cm"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="line-height:24px"><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">D</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">ans le cadre de cet article,&nbsp;</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">notre r&eacute;flexion porte sur la didactique du plurilinguisme dans le contexte des formations de fran&ccedil;ais pour les adultes allophones. Nous nous demandons dans quelle mesure une&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">d&eacute;marche p&eacute;dagogique t&eacute;moignant d&rsquo;une ouverture &agrave; l&rsquo;alt&eacute;rit&eacute; permet d&rsquo;ancrer les apprentissages dans une &eacute;thique de la reliance&nbsp;</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">? Et comment une telle d&eacute;marche est susceptible de&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">déclenche</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">r</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">&nbsp;des émotions positives&nbsp;</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">chez les apprenants, et, de ce fait, de faciliter leur apprentissage du fran&ccedil;ais&nbsp;?&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:1cm"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">Les&nbsp;</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">adultes allophones ont d&eacute;j&agrave; pour la plupart d&eacute;velopp&eacute; une</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">&nbsp;compétence plurilingue et pluriculturelle</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">&nbsp;de par leur parcours de vie et leur chemin migratoire. Ils o</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">nt&nbsp;</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">c&ocirc;toy&eacute;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">&nbsp;une ou plusieurs langues, maternelles ou étrangères</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">, et b&eacute;n&eacute;ficient d&rsquo;une exp&eacute;rience de contact avec au moins une culture diff&eacute;rente de la leur&nbsp;: tout ceci constitue leur</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">biographie langagière&nbsp;</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">et leur capital langagier et culturel&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">(Cuq, 2003 : 36-37&nbsp;</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">Coste, Moore, Zarate, 1997</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">&nbsp;:&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">12)</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">. Il nous parait primordial de valoriser un tel capital lors des apprentissages, de sorte que les apprenants aient la possibilit&eacute; de s&rsquo;appuyer sur leur(s)&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">langue</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">(</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">s</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">)</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">&nbsp;d&rsquo;origine pour&nbsp;</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">entrer en reliance</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">&nbsp;avec l</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">a langue qu&rsquo;ils vont apprendre, dans une posture de &laquo;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">&nbsp;compréhension entre personnes,<i>&nbsp;</i>entre cultures, entre nations</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">&nbsp;&raquo;</span><i>&nbsp;</i><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">(Morin, 2005 :&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">1</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">39)</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:1cm"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="line-height:24px"><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">En outre, l</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">a migration&nbsp;</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">v&eacute;cue par ces&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">plurilingues&nbsp;</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">constitue un moment de transition radical dans leur parcours, qui se r&eacute;v&egrave;le parfois traumatisant. Elle donne lieu &agrave; d&rsquo;importants changements dans leur vie, mais &eacute;galement&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">identit</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">aires, qui seront d&rsquo;autant plus faciles &agrave; g&eacute;rer et &agrave;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">accepte</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">r</span>&nbsp;<span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">s&rsquo;ils se sentent accueillis au sein de leur nouvelle soci&eacute;t&eacute;, ce qui sera facilit&eacute; par l&rsquo;acquisition&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">de&nbsp;</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">leur</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">&nbsp;nouvelle langue.</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">&nbsp;Or, il convient de rappeler le fait que les adultes en situation migratoire sont en situation d&rsquo;ins&eacute;curit&eacute; linguistique (Labov, 1966) et que cela est susceptible d&rsquo;engendrer chez eux une r&eacute;action &eacute;motionnelle n&eacute;gative, ou anxi&eacute;t&eacute; langagi&egrave;re (Horwitz, 2010), qui risque d&rsquo;entraver leur apprentissage. Par cons&eacute;quent, il leur sera plus facile d&rsquo;acqu&eacute;rir leur nouvelle langue s&rsquo;ils sont mis en confiance par les enseignants d&egrave;s le d&eacute;but de leur formation et tout au long du processus d&rsquo;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">acquisition</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">-apprentissage. Il nous semble donc primordial de prendre en compte les aspects &eacute;motionnels et sociaux dans nos approches p&eacute;dagogiques &agrave; destination des apprenants en situation migratoire (Payant &amp; Zuniga, 2022) et, en ce sens, nous pensons qu&rsquo;il est n&eacute;cessaire de mieux int&eacute;grer et valoriser l&rsquo;ensemble de leur ressources langagi&egrave;res, aux accents plurilingues et pluriculturels.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:1cm"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="line-height:24px"><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black">Notre&nbsp;</span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black">posture&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black">&eacute;pist&eacute;mologique&nbsp;</span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black">est celle du praticien-chercheur</span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black">&nbsp;(D</span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black">e Lavergne</span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black">, 2007)</span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black">,</span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black">&nbsp;en ce que</span></span>&nbsp;<span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black">notre&nbsp;</span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black">activit&eacute; professionnelle&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black">sur le terrain des formations de fran&ccedil;ais &agrave; destination d&rsquo;adultes allophones se veut r&eacute;flexive, dans l&rsquo;optique d&rsquo;une d&eacute;marche qualitative en faveur des apprenants. Nous souhaitons, en ce sens, interroger les approches p&eacute;dagogiques et les contenus didactiques qui nous semblent les plus pertinents pour faciliter leur apprentissage du fran&ccedil;ais.&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify; text-indent:1cm"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="line-height:24px"><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black">Tout comme Payant et Zuniga (2022&nbsp;: 3) nous postulons que les approches plurielles sont les plus &agrave; m&ecirc;mes de&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black">d&eacute;clencher les&nbsp;</span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black">émotions positives&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black">n&eacute;cessaires &agrave; optimiser les apprentissages, du fait de la valorisation de l&rsquo;</span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black">identité linguistique&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="color:black">qu&rsquo;elles induisent.&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="line-height:24px"><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">Concr&egrave;tement, l</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">ors</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">&nbsp;des situations d&rsquo;apprentissage initiales, telles que la pr&eacute;sentation personnelle</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">, il s&rsquo;agira&nbsp;</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">pour l&rsquo;enseignant&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">de v</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">alori</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">ser</span>&nbsp;<span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">le</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">&nbsp;r&eacute;pertoire langagier des apprenants allophones, afin de favoriser une ouverture &agrave; l&rsquo;alt&eacute;rit&eacute; et de cr&eacute;er un lien entre culture d&rsquo;origine et culture d&rsquo;accueil, dans l&rsquo;optique de l&rsquo;acquisition des comp&eacute;tences interculturelles de savoir-&ecirc;tre et savoir comprendre (Byram, 1997). Il conviendra, en effet, de&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">construit</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">re, au sein du groupe d&rsquo;apprenants,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">une compétence communicative&nbsp;</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">o&ugrave;</span>&nbsp;<span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">les exp&eacute;riences et les&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">connaissance</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">s</span>&nbsp;<span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">des langues&nbsp;</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">de chacun entrent&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">en corrélation</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">&nbsp;et&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">interagissent</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">, selon que le pr&eacute;conise une approche plurilingue (CECRL,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT, serif">2001 : 11)</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT, serif">&nbsp;&agrave; m&ecirc;me de valoriser les diff&eacute;rents</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">répertoire</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">s</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">&nbsp;verba</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">ux</span>&nbsp;<span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">(</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">Gumperz</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">1964).&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="line-height:24px"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">Bibliographie</span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:start; text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Byram, M.&nbsp;(s.d)&nbsp;&laquo;6908-dimension interculturelle&raquo;.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:start; text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Byram, M.&nbsp;(1997).&nbsp;&laquo;&nbsp;Teaching and Assessing Intercultural Communicative Competence&nbsp;&raquo;.&nbsp;<i>Clevedon: Multilingual Matters</i>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:start; text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Conseil de l&rsquo;europe&nbsp;(2001),&nbsp;<i>Cadre europ&eacute;en commun de r&eacute;f&eacute;rence pour les langues&nbsp;: apprendre, enseigner, &eacute;valuer</i>, Paris, Didier.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:start; text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none">Coste D., Moore D.&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;Zarate G. (1997),&nbsp;<i>Comp&eacute;tence plurilingue et pluri-culturelle</i>, Strasbourg, Conseil de l&rsquo;Europe. En ligne&nbsp;:&nbsp;https://rm.coe.int/168069d29c.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:start; text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">Coste D., Moore D.&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;Zarate G.&nbsp;</span><span lang="IT" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">(2009).&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">&laquo;</span>&nbsp;<span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">Comp&eacute;tence plurilingue et pluriculturelle. Vers un Cadre Europ&eacute;en Commun de r&eacute;f&eacute;rence pour l&rsquo;enseignement et l&rsquo;apprentissage des langues vivantes&raquo;. Consult</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">&eacute; le&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">1</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">0&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">mar</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">s</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">&nbsp;2023.&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:start; text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272353128_Competence_plurilingue_et_pluriculturelle_Vers_un_Cadre_Europeen_Commun_de_reference_pour_l%27enseignement_et_l%27apprentissage_des_langues_vivantes.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:start; text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:start; text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">Cuq, J.-P. (2003). Dictionnaire de didactique du fran&ccedil;ais langue &eacute;trang&egrave;re.&nbsp;CLE&nbsp;International.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:start; text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">De Lavergne,&nbsp;</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">C. (</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">2007</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">).&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">&laquo; La posture du praticien-chercheur : un analyseur de l&rsquo;&eacute;volution de la recherche qualitative &raquo;,&nbsp;<i>Recherches qualitatives.</i></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:start; text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">Gumperz J. J. (1964), &laquo;&nbsp;Linguistic and social interaction in two communities&nbsp;&raquo;,&nbsp;<i>American Anthropologist</i>&nbsp;66, p.&nbsp;137-53. En</span>&nbsp;<span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">ligne&nbsp;:&nbsp;https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1964.66.suppl_3.02a00100.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:start; text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">Horwitz, E. K. (2010). Foreign and second language anxiety.&nbsp;<i>Language Teaching</i>,&nbsp;<i>43</i>(2), 154-167.doi : https://doi.org/10.1017/S026144480999036X</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:start; text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">Morin, E</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">. (</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">2005</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">)</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">,&nbsp;</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">&laquo;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">La Méthode T VI</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">&nbsp;&raquo;</span><i><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">, Ethique</span></i><i><span lang="FR" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">.&nbsp;</span></i></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:start; text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="caret-color:#000000"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant-caps:normal"><span style="font-weight:400"><span style="letter-spacing:normal"><span style="orphans:auto"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="white-space:normal"><span style="widows:auto"><span style="word-spacing:0px"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:auto"><span style="text-decoration:none"><span style="line-height:24px"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif">Payant, C. &amp; Zuniga, M. (2022). Introduction : dimensions sociales, émotionnelles et cognitives dans l&rsquo;apprentissage des langues additionnelles.&nbsp;<i>La Revue de l&rsquo;AQEFLS</i>,&nbsp;<i>35</i>(1). https://doi.org/10.7202/1095058ar&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:start; text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:start; text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:start; text-indent:0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">&nbsp;</p>