&lt;p&gt;Depuis 1990, de nouvelles orientations de l&amp;rsquo;&amp;Eacute;ducation nationale port&amp;eacute;es par les slogans &amp;laquo;&amp;nbsp;l&amp;rsquo;&amp;Eacute;cole de la confiance&amp;nbsp;&amp;raquo;, &amp;laquo;&amp;nbsp;l&amp;rsquo;&amp;Eacute;cole de la bienveillance&amp;nbsp;&amp;raquo;, ou encore &amp;laquo;&amp;nbsp;la Refondation de l&amp;rsquo;&amp;Eacute;cole&amp;nbsp;&amp;raquo; int&amp;egrave;grent des pratiques manag&amp;eacute;riales issues de l&amp;rsquo;entreprise. L&amp;rsquo;&amp;Eacute;ducation nationale s&amp;rsquo;ouvre en effet aux m&amp;eacute;thodes de management du priv&amp;eacute;, fait appel &amp;agrave; des cabinets de conseils en communication&lt;a href=&quot;#_ftn1&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref1&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt; et importe un discours ax&amp;eacute; sur la &amp;laquo;&amp;nbsp;performance&amp;nbsp;&amp;raquo;, &amp;laquo;&amp;nbsp;l&amp;rsquo;excellence&amp;nbsp;&amp;raquo; de l&amp;rsquo;action publique&lt;a href=&quot;#_ftn2&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref2&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt; et soumet ses acteurs &amp;agrave; une logique de rentabilit&amp;eacute;. La nouvelle gouvernance complexifie en outre les discours qui circulent au sein de l&amp;rsquo;&amp;Eacute;cole, tout en rapprochant cette derni&amp;egrave;re du March&amp;eacute;. L&amp;rsquo;enqu&amp;ecirc;te de terrain men&amp;eacute;e aupr&amp;egrave;s de dix inspecteurs de l&amp;rsquo;&amp;Eacute;ducation nationale et de dix enseignants du premier degr&amp;eacute; dans l&amp;rsquo;acad&amp;eacute;mie de Montpellier entre 2015 et 2017, dans le cadre de ma recherche de doctorat, r&amp;eacute;v&amp;egrave;le comment la transition d&amp;rsquo;un mod&amp;egrave;le de gouvernement r&amp;eacute;publicain vers un mod&amp;egrave;le de gouvernance bas&amp;eacute; sur des normes europ&amp;eacute;ennes modifie leurs pratiques professionnelles et g&amp;eacute;n&amp;egrave;re chez la plupart d&amp;rsquo;entre eux de la souffrance au travail&lt;a href=&quot;#_ftn3&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref3&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;. L&amp;rsquo;analyse &amp;laquo;&amp;nbsp;des caract&amp;eacute;ristiques linguistiques et discursives&amp;nbsp;&amp;raquo; du discours manag&amp;eacute;rial met en &amp;eacute;vidence le glissement d&amp;rsquo;une organisation scolaire r&amp;eacute;gie par la loi vers une gouvernance &amp;eacute;difi&amp;eacute;e sur des normes et des protocoles bien souvent &amp;eacute;trangers aux pratiques professionnelles des enseignants et des inspecteurs, attach&amp;eacute;s jusqu&amp;rsquo;alors au service public et &amp;agrave; une mission de transmission du savoir.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;div id=&quot;ftn1&quot;&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span calibri=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#_ftnref1&quot; name=&quot;_ftn1&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot; style=&quot;position:relative&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;top:0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align:super&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FR&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot; style=&quot;position:relative&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;top:0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align:super&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:107%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FR&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; Mc Kinsey, agence de conseil am&amp;eacute;ricaine, produit des rapports enjoignant &amp;agrave; l&amp;rsquo;&amp;Eacute;ducation nationale de former les &amp;eacute;l&amp;egrave;ves aux comp&amp;eacute;tences attendues par les entreprises. Les termes d&amp;rsquo;&amp;laquo;&amp;nbsp;excellence&amp;nbsp;&amp;raquo;, de &amp;laquo;&amp;nbsp;comp&amp;eacute;tence&amp;nbsp;&amp;raquo;, de &amp;laquo;&amp;nbsp;d&amp;eacute;crocheurs&amp;nbsp;&amp;raquo; sont pr&amp;eacute;sents dans leurs rapports.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span calibri=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#_ftnref2&quot; name=&quot;_ftn2&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot; style=&quot;position:relative&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;top:0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align:super&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FR&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot; style=&quot;position:relative&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;top:0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align:super&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:107%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FR&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; Je mets entre guillemets les formules fig&amp;eacute;es et slogans du discours manag&amp;eacute;rial. Ils sont introduits dans les rapports officiels, le portail de l&amp;rsquo;EN et v&amp;eacute;hicul&amp;eacute;s par les discours des inspecteurs, dont la mission essentielle est ax&amp;eacute;e sur la mise en place des r&amp;eacute;formes. Les cadres de l&amp;rsquo;EN sont contraints d&amp;rsquo;adopter ce discours.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span calibri=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#_ftnref3&quot; name=&quot;_ftn3&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot; style=&quot;position:relative&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;top:0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align:super&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FR&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot; style=&quot;position:relative&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;top:0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align:super&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:107%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FR&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; J&amp;rsquo;ai rencontr&amp;eacute; des inspecteurs et des enseignants de l&amp;rsquo;&amp;Eacute;ducation nationale dans le cadre de mes recherches en doctorat sous la direction de J.-M. Prieur ainsi que lors d&amp;rsquo;une pr&amp;eacute;paration au concours des m&amp;eacute;tiers de l&amp;rsquo;encadrement. Les extraits cit&amp;eacute;s dans cet article figurent dans C. Romera, &lt;i&gt;&amp;Eacute;cole et gouvernementalit&amp;eacute;&amp;nbsp;: les politiques &amp;eacute;ducatives &amp;agrave; l&amp;rsquo;&amp;oelig;uvre dans le contexte de l&amp;rsquo;enseignement primaire en France&lt;/i&gt;, Universit&amp;eacute; Montpellier 3, 2020.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Abstract&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Since 1990 new orientations of the Education nationale, illustrated by the slogans &amp;laquo;&amp;nbsp;l&amp;#39;Ecole de la confiance&amp;nbsp;&amp;raquo; (&amp;quot;the Education System of Trust&amp;quot;), &amp;laquo;&amp;nbsp;l&amp;#39;Ecole de la bienveillance&amp;nbsp;&amp;raquo; (&amp;quot;the Education System of Benevolence&amp;quot;), or &amp;laquo;&amp;nbsp;la Refondation de l&amp;#39;Ecole&amp;nbsp;&amp;raquo; (&amp;quot;the Refoundation of the Education System&amp;quot;) have integrated managerial practices stemming from business. The Education nationale has opened up to the management methods of the private sector, turned to communications consultants&lt;a href=&quot;#_ftn1&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref1&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt; and adopted a position centred on the &amp;quot;performance&amp;quot;, the &amp;quot;excellence&amp;quot; of public action&lt;a href=&quot;#_ftn2&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref2&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt; and subjected its actors to the logic of profitability. Moreover, the new governance complicates the views circulating within the Education System while bringing the latter closer to the Market. The field study conducted among ten schools inspectors and ten primary teachers in the acad&amp;eacute;mie of Montpellier between 2015 and 2017 within the framework of my doctoral research shows how the transition from the model of republican government to the model of governance based on European norms has modified their professional practices and generated occupational stress&lt;a href=&quot;#_ftn3&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref3&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt; in most of them. The analysis of &amp;quot;the linguistic and discursive features&amp;quot; of the managerial discourse reveals the move of the school organisation governed by the law to the governance built on norms and protocols often unfamiliar to the professional practices of the teachers and inspectors, who until then had been attached to public service and the mission to transmit knowledge.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key words:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;educational policy, governance, managerial discourse&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span calibri=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#_ftnref1&quot; name=&quot;_ftn1&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot; style=&quot;position:relative&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;top:0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align:super&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot; style=&quot;position:relative&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;top:0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align:super&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:107%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; McKinsey, an American consultancy firm, produces reports enjoining the &lt;i&gt;Education nationale&lt;/i&gt; to train the pupils in the skills expected by companies. The terms &amp;quot;excellence&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;skill&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;dropouts&amp;quot; are present in their reports.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div id=&quot;ftn2&quot;&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span calibri=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#_ftnref2&quot; name=&quot;_ftn2&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot; style=&quot;position:relative&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;top:0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align:super&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot; style=&quot;position:relative&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;top:0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align:super&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:107%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; I have put in inverted commas the set phrases and slogans of the managerial discourse. They have been introduced in official reports and the &lt;i&gt;Education nationale&lt;/i&gt; portal and are carried by the discourse of inspectors, whose essential mission is centred on the putting in place of reforms. The executives in the &lt;i&gt;Education nationale&lt;/i&gt; are compelled to adopt this discourse.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div id=&quot;ftn3&quot;&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span calibri=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#_ftnref3&quot; name=&quot;_ftn3&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot; style=&quot;position:relative&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;top:0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align:super&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot; style=&quot;position:relative&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;top:0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align:super&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:107%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; I have met inspectors and teachers of the &lt;i&gt;Education nationale&lt;/i&gt; within the framework of my doctoral research supervised by J.-M. Prieur as well as during the preparation for the competitive examination to become a member of the managerial staff. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;The extracts quoted in this article come from C. Romera, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FR&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Ecole et gouvernementalit&amp;eacute; : les politiques &amp;eacute;ducatives &amp;agrave; l&amp;#39;oeuvre dans le contexte de l&amp;#39;enseignement primaire en France&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FR&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;, Universit&amp;eacute; Montpellier 3, 2020&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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