<h1 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;text-align: justify;margin-top:20pt;margin-bottom:6pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1 Introduction&nbsp;</span></strong></h1> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Au cours des derni&egrave;res ann&eacute;es, les syst&egrave;mes d&rsquo;organisation de connaissances (SOCs) ont subi de nombreuses transformations et interrogations par rapport aux discours et aux risques li&eacute;s &agrave; l&rsquo;int&eacute;gration non critique d&rsquo;agendas, de pr&eacute;occupations, de sujets et de th&egrave;mes dans la circulation de la connaissance.</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Les SOCs, compris en tant que dispositifs d&#39;information et de connaissance, se structurent en tant que syst&egrave;mes conceptuels qui articulent les termes, les d&eacute;finitions, les relations et les propri&eacute;t&eacute;s des concepts dans un domaine. La mise en &oelig;uvre des SOCs est toujours li&eacute;e &agrave; des principes philosophiques sp&eacute;cifiques et &agrave; une dimension structurelle des diff&eacute;rents services d&rsquo;information.&nbsp;</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">L&#39;adoption de garanties canoniques (litt&eacute;raires, d&#39;usage et structurelles) en tant que marqueurs du dessin conceptuel des instruments d&#39;organisation de connaissance influenc&eacute; par cons&eacute;quent la visibilit&eacute; et la circulation de la connaissance produite dans tous les domaines de la vie. Compte tenu des risques signal&eacute;s, les approches d&#39;organisation de la connaissance qui exigent une vis&eacute;e critique&nbsp; &agrave; la base des dispositifs adopt&eacute;s ont &eacute;t&eacute; &eacute;tendues.</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">L&rsquo;indexation th&eacute;matique et les dispositifs de repr&eacute;sentation qui lui sont associ&eacute;s pr&eacute;supposent le d&eacute;veloppement et la proposition de marqueurs s&eacute;mantiques / s&eacute;miotiques&nbsp; qui arrivent &agrave; condenser et &agrave; rendre visibles les contenus informationnels dispos&eacute;s dans la myriade de documents produits quotidiennement.</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Toutefois, la foi perceptive associ&eacute;e de mani&egrave;re r&eacute;p&eacute;t&eacute;e aux dispositifs et m&eacute;thodes d&rsquo;indexation th&eacute;matique pr&ocirc;ne la possibilit&eacute; de neutralit&eacute; dans le geste de traduction. Cependant, dans le contexte des changements socio-techniques et des relations de pouvoir, les pr&eacute;occupations et la perception publique s&rsquo;augmentent du fait que les dispositifs d&#39;organisation du savoir peuvent &ecirc;tre utilis&eacute;s comme faisant partie de la colonialit&eacute; du savoir exprim&eacute;e par les syst&egrave;mes d&#39;organisation de la connaissance (Foskett, 1971; Berman, 1971; Olson, 2001; Seideman, 2004;&nbsp; Adler &amp; Tennis, 2013; Adler, 2016, 2017, Trivelato &amp; Moura, 2016; Trivelato &amp; Moura, 2017; Moura, 2005, 2018; Floegel &amp; Jackson,2019 ).</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Les Syst&egrave;mes d&#39;Organisation de la Connaissance, les SOCs, peuvent, par leurs logiques structurantes, produire des effacements et des &eacute;pist&eacute;micides dans la mesure o&ugrave; ils agissent comme un dispositif de racialit&eacute;, l&#39;h&eacute;t&eacute;ronormativit&eacute; et d&#39;oppression qui exclut, tout en organisant.&nbsp;</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 3.75pt 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">En ce sens,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(38, 81, 128); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">l&rsquo;inclusion dans les syst&egrave;mes de connaissances de circulation globale des th&egrave;mes li&eacute;s au genre, la sexualit&eacute;&nbsp; et &agrave; la race sont suivant contest&eacute;e en raison des id&eacute;es fausses et des pr&eacute;jug&eacute;s socio-historiques impliqu&eacute;s dans leur structuration.&nbsp;</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Le manque de compr&eacute;hension du caract&egrave;re situ&eacute; des connaissances repr&eacute;sent&eacute;es dans ces instruments risque d&#39;entra&icirc;ner des sch&eacute;mas de classification conservateurs, des langages d&rsquo;indexation et des taxonomies peu repr&eacute;sentatifs de la diversit&eacute; th&eacute;matique, des programmes de recherche et des pr&eacute;occupations sociales et scientifiques historiques et contemporaines.&nbsp;</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Dans son analyse de la r&eacute;alit&eacute; aux &Eacute;tats Unis et de ses syst&egrave;mes d&rsquo;organisation des connaissances, Adler (2017, p. 4 -5) rappelle&nbsp; que&nbsp;</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-left: 36pt;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">&ldquo;My findings are offered as support for a case for taxonomic reparations. I would like to suggest that similar processes are at work on library shelves, and in fact, that the lines that divide and distribute information are directly tied to economic and social policy. Indeed, the divisions inscribed in the late 19th century extend to the knowledge organization technologies of today. (...) My aim is to provide a window into how epistemic violence affects American consciousness about race by revealing some of the ways that our library classifications have been woven together by a group of men who cited and informed one another and ultimately, organized and universalized American history. These classifications are structured around assertions about timeless and fixed national values constructed out of progressive conceptualizations of the nation and its citizenry.&rdquo;&nbsp;</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Actuellement, les possibilit&eacute;s technologiques de surveillance des traces r&eacute;sultant d&rsquo;incursions s&eacute;mantico-s&eacute;miotiques dans des environnements num&eacute;riques introduisent de nouvelles possibilit&eacute;s pour l&rsquo;organisation de la connaissance telles que l&rsquo;identit&eacute; algorithmique, l&rsquo;interop&eacute;rabilit&eacute;, les calculs de proximit&eacute; s&eacute;mantique et la d&eacute;couverte de connaissances dans des milieux num&eacute;riques.</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Face &agrave; l&#39;&eacute;conomie des vestiges qui d&eacute;coulent de ce suivi, il continue d&rsquo;&ecirc;tre un d&eacute;fi le volume de donn&eacute;es &agrave; aligner, l&#39;h&eacute;t&eacute;rog&eacute;n&eacute;it&eacute; de la repr&eacute;sentation des concepts, les questions &eacute;thiques pour &eacute;quilibrer les repr&eacute;sentations sociales et la qualit&eacute; pour obtenir un alignement s&eacute;mantique entre les diff&eacute;rents SOCs disponibles.</span></p> <h1 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:20pt;margin-bottom:6pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">2 La colonisation du pouvoir, du savoir et de l&#39;&ecirc;tre</span></strong></h1> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">La colonialit&eacute; du pouvoir est bas&eacute; sur l&#39;hypoth&egrave;se d&rsquo;une diff&eacute;rence coloniale &eacute;pist&eacute;mique r&eacute;p&eacute;t&eacute;e et se structure comme une g&eacute;opolitique de la connaissance qui reproduit, dans le domaine du savoir, les arrangements historiques de l&#39;expropriation. Selon Mignolo apud Ballestrin (2013), la colonialit&eacute; du pouvoir contr&ocirc;le et agit sur diff&eacute;rents fronts, notamment l&#39;&eacute;conomie, l&#39;autorit&eacute;, la nature et les ressources naturelles, le genre et la sexualit&eacute;, la subjectivit&eacute; et le connaissance.</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">La postcolonialit&eacute; et la d&eacute;colonialit&eacute; constituent un cadre &eacute;pist&eacute;mique et politique qui interroge les logiques structurantes de la colonialit&eacute;.&nbsp; Les deux approches critiquent l&rsquo;effacement des probl&egrave;mes r&eacute;gionaux par l&rsquo;utilisation de concepts et de formes universalistes abstraits.</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Le concept de race c&#39;est un de ces universels qui, du point de vue de Mbembe (2018b, p. 21), fonctionne depuis la colonisation comme un dispositif &eacute;conomique.</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-left: 72pt;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">&ldquo; Loin de n&#39;&ecirc;tre qu&rsquo;un&nbsp; pur signifiant biologique, la race ainsi entendue renvoyait &agrave; un corps sans monde et hors sol, un corps d&rsquo;&eacute;nergie combustible, une sorte de double de la nature que l&rsquo;on pouvait, par travail, transformer en stock ou fonds disponible.</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-left: 72pt;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">La colonisation fonctionnait, quant &agrave; elle, &agrave; l&#39;excr&eacute;tion de ceux et celles qui, &agrave; plusieurs &eacute;gards, &eacute;taient jug&acute;s superflus, en exc&eacute;dent au sein des nations colonisatrices. C&#39;&eacute;tait le cas, en particulier, des pauvres &agrave; la charge de la soci&eacute;t&eacute; e des vagabonds et d&eacute;linquants dont on pensait qu&rsquo;ils nuisaient&nbsp; &agrave; la nation. &ldquo;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Le mot &laquo; genre &raquo; , comme concept sociologique, a commenc&eacute; &agrave; &ecirc;tre utilis&eacute; et reconnu dans les ann&eacute;es 1970. et s&#39;est &eacute;tendu aux domaines scientifiques dans les ann&eacute;es 1980 (MATOS, 2015, p.153). Le concept visait &agrave; rompre avec le marqueur biologique des corps sexu&eacute;s pour comprendre les &eacute;l&eacute;ments historiques, sociaux et politiques qui impliquent l&#39;apprentissage socioculturel du genre entre hommes et femmes. En ces termes, le concept r&eacute;v&egrave;le: une construction de caract&egrave;re relationnel, formes classiques d&rsquo;asym&eacute;trie et de subordination du pouvoir, mod&egrave;les de domination h&eacute;g&eacute;moniques.</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">L&#39;id&eacute;e du genre est impr&eacute;gn&eacute;e de clivages symboliques qui tendent &agrave; accentuer les in&eacute;galit&eacute;s. Selon Matos (2015), le genre est une invention des soci&eacute;t&eacute;s humaines qui peut conduire &agrave; la cr&eacute;ation de &quot;significations hi&eacute;rarchiques et asym&eacute;triques pour les femmes, c&#39;est-&agrave;-dire qu&#39;elles cr&eacute;ent des structures linguistiques qui fa&ccedil;onnent, disciplinent et hi&eacute;rarchisent notre imaginaire&quot;. Ces structures asym&eacute;triques sont &eacute;videntes dans le processus de socialisation des r&ocirc;les sexuels, la division du travail entre les sexes et le sens binaire des genres.</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">La performativit&eacute; se caract&eacute;rise par la cr&eacute;ation de certains ph&eacute;nom&egrave;nes parmi&nbsp; l&#39;&eacute;nonciation du langage. Butler(2017), souligne que dans le contexte de la performativit&eacute; du genre la construction normative de l&#39;humain agit&nbsp; les classant dans des sujets lisibles et illisibles.&nbsp;</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-left: 72pt;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Dans un langage masculiniste diffus, un langage phallocentrique, les femmes constituent l&#39;irrepr&eacute;sentable. En d&#39;autres termes, les femmes repr&eacute;sentent un sexe qui ne peut &ecirc;tre pens&eacute;, une absence linguistique et une opacit&eacute;. (Butler, 2017, p. 31)</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Dans le domaine des relations de pouvoir, Foucault (1995) identifie trois relations qui se soutiennent, qui sont imbriqu&eacute;es et fonctionnent comme des instruments. Ce sont: les relations de communication, les relations de pouvoir et les capacit&eacute;s objectives. L&#39;auteur souligne que cette relation n&#39;est ni uniforme ni constante, mais qu&#39;il existe &quot;des blocs&quot; dans lesquels l&#39;ajustement des capacit&eacute;s, les faisceaux de communication et les relations de pouvoir constituent des syst&egrave;mes r&eacute;gul&eacute;s et concordants. &quot; (Foucault 1995, 241).</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Foucault (1995) propose une nouvelle &eacute;conomie de relations de pouvoir ax&eacute;e sur la situation pr&eacute;sente et sur des relations plus &eacute;troites entre la th&eacute;orie et la pratique. Dans cet aspect, il devient n&eacute;cessaire de reconna&icirc;tre les formes de pouvoir en tant que technique qui provoque l&rsquo;assujettissement (contr&ocirc;le, d&eacute;pendance et limitation &agrave; la propre identit&eacute;) exerc&eacute; par l&rsquo;imposition d&rsquo;une loi de v&eacute;rit&eacute;.</span></p> <h1 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:20pt;margin-bottom:6pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">3 Probl&eacute;matique</span></strong></h1> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Les syst&egrave;mes d&#39;organisation des connaissances (SOCs) en circulation globale adoptent,&nbsp; dans leurs structures, des repr&eacute;sentations multidimensionnelles et critiques des th&eacute;matiques&nbsp; &quot;genre&quot; et &ldquo;race&rdquo; ?&nbsp;</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Comment les SOCs de circulation globale rendent possible l&#39;organisation et la circulation des connaissances sur les th&eacute;matiques &ldquo;genre&rdquo; et &ldquo;race&rdquo; dans une perspective d&eacute;colonial du pouvoir, savoir et de l&#39;&ecirc;tre?</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">La perspective de r&eacute;utiliser des structures existantes dans d&rsquo;autres vocabulaires contr&ocirc;l&eacute;s s&rsquo;ouvre-t-elle &agrave; l&rsquo;incorporation de nouveaux th&egrave;mes et programmes de recherche et &agrave; l&rsquo;inclusion et r&eacute;paration de termes n&eacute;glig&eacute;s dans le pass&eacute; ?&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h1 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:20pt;margin-bottom:6pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">4 M&eacute;thodologie, d&eacute;veloppement et discussion</span></strong></h1> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Dans ce travail, nous cherchons &agrave; probl&eacute;matiser les discours sur le genre et la race organis&eacute;s dans des SOCs de circulation globale (LCSH, Th&eacute;saurus de l&rsquo;Unesco, EU vocabulaires) analysant, du point de vue de leur structure, la circulation multidimensionnelle, probl&eacute;matis&eacute; et focalis&eacute;&nbsp; des connaissances.&nbsp;</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">&nbsp;Le choix des dispositifs d`organisation d&rsquo;information LCSH, Th&eacute;saurus de l&rsquo;Unesco et de l&rsquo;EU Vocabulaires s&rsquo;explique par le fait que les SOCs constituent la base de l&rsquo;organisation de l&rsquo;information en collections dispos&eacute;es dans diff&eacute;rentes unit&eacute;s d&rsquo;information de plusieurs pays du Nord et du Sud. L&#39;utilisation prescriptive des instruments dans de diff&eacute;rents contextes culturels peut introduire des biais r&eacute;ductionnistes et totalisantes des th&egrave;mes &agrave; travers les arguments ontologiques propos&eacute;s dans leurs sch&eacute;mas.</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pour cela, en termes m&eacute;thodiques, la triangulation des th&eacute;ories et des m&eacute;thodes a &eacute;t&eacute; utilis&eacute;e pour&nbsp; mettre en &eacute;vidence le dialogue entre th&eacute;orie et les donn&eacute;es empiriques en essayent d&rsquo;&eacute;tablir les articulations possibles entre SOCs,&nbsp; discours et la perspective th&eacute;orique d&eacute;coloniale. L&#39;effort a &eacute;t&eacute; de r&eacute;fl&eacute;chir sur des limites et possibilit&eacute;s de d&eacute;colonisation &eacute;pist&eacute;mologique dans des syst&egrave;mes d&#39;organisation de la connaissance.&nbsp;</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Dans la premi&egrave;re &eacute;tape, une analyse structurelle des SOC a &eacute;t&eacute; r&eacute;alis&eacute;e. La deuxi&egrave;me &eacute;tape comprenait l&#39;identification des projets d&#39;interop&eacute;rabilit&eacute; d&eacute;velopp&eacute;s par chacun des SOCs&nbsp; et l&#39;interaction propos&eacute;e avec le publique &agrave; fin am&eacute;liorer la repr&eacute;sentativit&eacute; des terms dans la structure et la mise &agrave; jour s&eacute;mantique. Dans la troisi&egrave;me &eacute;tape, a &eacute;t&eacute; effectu&eacute; des recherches&nbsp; dans l&rsquo;interface de langue anglaise des instruments avec les termes suivants: lesbian, feminism, race/racism, homosexuality, colonialism/decolonialism.&nbsp;</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">&Agrave; la derni&egrave;re &eacute;tape, a &eacute;t&eacute; r&eacute;alis&eacute;e une analyse horizontale des r&eacute;sultats &nbsp; obtenus pr&eacute;c&eacute;demment, pour chercher &agrave; comprendre les possibilit&eacute;s de repr&eacute;sentation et de circulation multidimensionnelle, critique et d&eacute;coloniale des th&eacute;matiques &ldquo; race&rdquo; et &ldquo;genre&rdquo; dans les instruments &eacute;tudi&eacute;s.</span></p> <h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:16pt;margin-bottom:4pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(67, 67, 67); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">4.1&nbsp; Le Library Congress of Subject Headings&nbsp; ( LCSH)</span></strong></h3> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">&nbsp;Le&nbsp; Library Congress of Subject Headings (LCSH) est un vocabulaire multidisciplinaire mis &agrave; jour par la Library of Congress , aux &Eacute;tats-Unis, depuis 1898. Le vocabulaire comprend de r&eacute;pertoire de vedettes-mati&egrave;re dans tous les domaines de la connaissance et est utilis&eacute; pour l&#39;indexation et la r&eacute;cup&eacute;ration d&#39;informations au sein de l&#39;institution. En raison de la long&eacute;vit&eacute; de cet instrument d&#39;indexation et de sa port&eacute;e th&eacute;matique, le LCSH a &eacute;t&eacute; syst&eacute;matiquement traduit et adopt&eacute; dans plusieurs pays. Le LCSH a actuellement 425 708&nbsp; vedettes-mati&egrave;res dans la langue anglaise.&nbsp;</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Figure 1 - Library of Congress Subject Headings</span></strong></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="border: 1pt solid #000000; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 602px; height: 379px"><img height="379" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/FvN8HDGL4AQ9rXAemAtRlYUf0sSJ7Jac6ZHbWG8OmM1SOULhBf5GuKDzDiHabuHQwJA5JheLpLsQEvRXem1iEEmXvSmZnHOkfl9Huaz5tA4mCE0yjl4GH1cKdpXtbzalu4LsLEtQuwdguQ" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="602" /></span></span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Source: </span><a href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects.html" style=""><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(17, 85, 204); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects.html</span></u></a></p> <h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:16pt;margin-bottom:4pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(67, 67, 67); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">4.2 Le Th&eacute;saurus de l&#39;Unesco</span></strong></h3> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Le Th&eacute;saurus de l&#39;Unesco est un vocabulaire contr&ocirc;l&eacute; organis&eacute; par l&#39;institution depuis 1977. Le Th&eacute;saurus compte 4418 termes dans les sept domaines des activit&eacute;s de l&#39;Unesco. Il est disponible en anglais, fran&ccedil;ais, espagnol et russe.</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Sur le plan structurel, l&rsquo;instrument est publi&eacute; conform&eacute;ment &agrave; la norme ISO 25964 et s&rsquo;appuie sur les principes de la base de donn&eacute;es Open Linked Data avec le but de r&eacute;aliser l&rsquo;interop&eacute;rabilit&eacute; s&eacute;mantique avec d&rsquo;autres instruments de m&ecirc;me vocation dans le&nbsp; contexte international.&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Figure 2 - The United Nations Terminology Database</span></strong></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="border: 1pt solid #000000; filter: opacity(0.94); display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 602px; height: 364px"><img height="364" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/QSqx1l9qJe28e-r9xjxxLFjFP_IxeI2yxpaxyN6egX-RQ8AhV1lfgIymB7T5Pyhy_45If4VdFKUOTZpGCM_rNyy8FQNzD_qm02iyI92Ciq3go_mlFF94ply_Rm4mBb4-gFUkJmKIbvvN9A" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="602" /></span></span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Source:</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> https://conferences2.unite.un.org/unterm/portal/welcome</span></p> <h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:16pt;margin-bottom:4pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(67, 67, 67); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">4.3 Le </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(67, 67, 67); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">IATE/EUROVOC</span></strong></h3> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">L&#39; IATE (Inter-Agency Terminology Exchange)&nbsp; est un centre interinstitutionnel cr&eacute;&eacute; en 1999 pour la collecte, la diffusion et la gestion partag&eacute;e de terminologies sp&eacute;cifiques adopt&eacute;es par des&nbsp; institutions de l&#39;Union europ&eacute;enne.</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Le centre est le responsable par&nbsp; la gestion des vocabulaires europ&eacute;ens et&nbsp; compte avec la participation de diff&eacute;rentes institutions.&nbsp; Actuellement le vocabulaire organis&eacute; par l&#39; IATE a 7 961 132 termes, distribu&eacute;s dans tous les domaines d&#39;activit&eacute; de l&#39;Union europ&eacute;enne.</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">L&#39; EU Vocabularies est le site de gestion de vocabulaires contr&ocirc;l&eacute;s utilis&eacute;s dans l&rsquo;UE, ax&eacute;s sur les sch&eacute;mas, les ontologies et les mod&egrave;les de donn&eacute;es. En outre, il cherche &agrave; &eacute;laborer des strat&eacute;gies pour traiter le caract&egrave;re multilingue de l&#39;UE tout en reconnaissant qu&#39;elles ne couvrent pas certains aspects nationaux de mani&egrave;re satisfaisante.</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Eurovoc est un th&eacute;saurus multidisciplinaire et multilingue dans les domaines d&#39;activit&eacute; de l&#39;Union europ&eacute;enne, organis&eacute; en 21 domaines et 121 microth&eacute;saurus. L&#39;&eacute;laboration de l&#39;instrument a commenc&eacute; en 1982 et est actuellement disponible en 23 langues.</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Figure 3 -&nbsp; l&rsquo;alignement de la terminologie Eurovoc avec d&rsquo; autres instruments&nbsp; connexes&nbsp;</span></strong></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="border: 1pt solid #000000; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 602px; height: 404px"><img height="404" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/d5pR-vMc7VLTbfXyoE7RUP7JcwD90EwrdON4saoi2nCzNVjgdciNYjdnhV3vPkyP-msDWtWX5W5JUKxeZTTB7svxvKTga5cFDZQHs-SlvUWEIRdf__LdBYte8KFjbplr_5tOIVCmJ71MdQ" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="602" /></span></span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Source: </span><a href="https://publications.europa.eu/fr/web/eu-vocabularies/th-dataset/-/resource/dataset/eurovoc" style=""><u><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(17, 85, 204); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">https://publications.europa.eu/fr/web/eu-vocabularies/th-dataset/-/resource/dataset/eurovoc</span></u></a></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Le th&eacute;saurus dispose d&rsquo;outils Web s&eacute;mantiques visant &agrave; promouvoir la mise &agrave; jour et l&rsquo;alignement de la terminologie adopt&eacute;e par rapport aux autres instruments&nbsp; connexes utilis&eacute;s dans le monde.</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:18pt;margin-bottom:6pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">4.4 Discussion</span></strong></h2> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Derrida (1996), cit&eacute; par Adler ( 2017, p. 23), sugg&egrave;re qu&#39;une &quot;science archivistique&quot; devrait inclure une th&eacute;orie de l&#39;institutionnalisation qui explique la mani&egrave;re dont l&#39;autorit&eacute; est produite et comment elle est inscrite et r&eacute;it&eacute;r&eacute;e. Dans ce sens, l&rsquo;analyse de la structuration conceptuelle, de la mise &agrave; jour technologique et de la maintenance des SOC &eacute;tudi&eacute;es a permis d&rsquo;identifier les avanc&eacute;es conceptuelles et discursives et de pr&eacute;voir les risques li&eacute;s &agrave; la&nbsp; focalisation technique excessiva &agrave; l&rsquo;interop&eacute;rabilit&eacute; des instruments et l&rsquo;op&eacute;rationnalisation du web s&eacute;mantique.&nbsp;</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Tableau 1&nbsp;</span></strong></p> <div align="left" dir="ltr" style="margin-left:47.25pt;"> <table style="border:none;border-collapse:collapse;"> <colgroup> <col width="118" /> <col width="114" /> <col width="132" /> <col width="130" /> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr style="height:0pt"> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Terme de recherche</span></strong></p> </td> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">LCSH</span></strong></p> </td> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">IATE/EUROVOC</span></strong></p> </td> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">UNESCO</span></strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:0pt"> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Lesbian</span></p> </td> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">151</span></p> </td> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">8</span></p> </td> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:0pt"> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Feminism</span></p> </td> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">3</span></p> </td> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">2</span></p> </td> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:0pt"> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">race</span></p> </td> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">183</span></p> </td> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">0</span></p> </td> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">2</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:0pt"> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Sexism</span></p> </td> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">25&nbsp;</span></p> </td> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1</span></p> </td> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:0pt"> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">homosexuality</span></p> </td> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">26</span></p> </td> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">4</span></p> </td> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:0pt"> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Racism</span></p> </td> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">21</span></p> </td> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">50</span></p> </td> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">2</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:0pt"> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Colonialism</span></p> </td> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">3</span></p> </td> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1</span></p> </td> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:0pt"> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Decolonization</span></p> </td> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1</span></p> </td> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">3</span></p> </td> <td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1</span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;text-align: center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Source: Donn&eacute;es de la&nbsp; recherche</span></strong></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Parmi les instruments analys&eacute;s, celui qui pr&eacute;sentait la performance la plus identifi&eacute;e aux &eacute;tudes et aux r&eacute;percussions de la colonialit&eacute;, du sexisme et du racisme dans la production et la circulation de la connaissance &eacute;tait le LCSH. Ceci est certainement d&ucirc; au long d&eacute;bat critique d&eacute;velopp&eacute; par la soci&eacute;t&eacute; civile et les chercheurs &agrave; propos de&nbsp; la vuln&eacute;rabilit&eacute; linguistique repr&eacute;sent&eacute;e par les termes cristallis&eacute;s, depuis plus d&#39;un si&egrave;cle, dans ce dispositif d&#39;organisation de l&#39;information.</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">En termes de terminologie adopt&eacute;e, Eurovoc concentre toujours son attention sur la politique internationale d&eacute;velopp&eacute;e par le bloc &eacute;conomique, bien qu&rsquo;il soit entour&eacute; de nombreux recueils sp&eacute;cialis&eacute;s de termes dans diff&eacute;rents domaines.</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">La pr&eacute;sence de termes faisant allusion aux questions abord&eacute;es dans cette &eacute;tude est encore rare, fragile et discutable. Un exemple est le terme colonialisme (tableau 1) qui n&rsquo;a qu&rsquo;une entr&eacute;e pour un th&eacute;saurus europ&eacute;en, un continent compl&egrave;tement impliqu&eacute; dans le processus de colonisation.</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Le th&eacute;saurus de l&rsquo;Unesco est &eacute;galement lacunaire en ce qui concerne les sujets trait&eacute;s (tableau 1), avec un nombre inexpressif de termes permettant d&rsquo;indexer et de soutenir la recherche d&rsquo;informations dans leur contexte. Cependant, l&#39;agence dispose de bureaux r&eacute;gionaux dans diff&eacute;rents pays et d&eacute;veloppe un travail important en liaison avec les th&egrave;mes abord&eacute;s dans cette &eacute;tude.</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">En ce qui concerne le premier aspect de notre probl&eacute;matisation, il a &eacute;t&eacute; observ&eacute; que les vocabulaires associ&eacute;s au genre et &agrave; la race sont encore diss&eacute;min&eacute;s de mani&egrave;re in&eacute;gale dans le cadre des SOC, dans des cat&eacute;gories et des domaines qui ne favorisent pas le d&eacute;bat critique concernant la production de connaissances.</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Compte tenu des avanc&eacute;es technologiques et de la capillarit&eacute; des &eacute;tudes critiques sur l&#39;indexation de l&#39;information, il a &eacute;t&eacute; constat&eacute; que la mise &agrave; jour de ces langues est encore lente et bas&eacute;e sur des garanties canoniques. Cependant, les r&eacute;sultats d&#39;&eacute;tudes dans le domaine des sciences de l&#39;information sur la vuln&eacute;rabilit&eacute; linguistique et le besoin de r&eacute;parations, ainsi que les possibilit&eacute;s d&#39;interop&eacute;rabilit&eacute; s&eacute;mantique avec des SOCs inclusivement et th&eacute;oriquement, montrent des possibilit&eacute;s d&#39;avancement. Un bon exemple est le Gender Equality Glossary and Thesaurus de l&rsquo; European Institute for Gender Equality. (EIGE&#39;s), sp&eacute;cialis&eacute; &agrave;&nbsp; la th&eacute;matique du genre dans ses particularit&eacute;s et agenda.</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h1 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:20pt;margin-bottom:6pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">5 Conclusion&nbsp;</span></strong></h1> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Les syst&egrave;mes d&#39;organisation de la connaissances&nbsp; (SOC) sont des instances dynamiques et multidimensionnelles qui&#39; aident &agrave; comprendre les relations de pouvoir dans la circulation de l&#39;information.</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Aujourd&#39;hui, gr&acirc;ce &agrave; des &eacute;tudes sp&eacute;cialis&eacute;es, des discussions sociales et des avanc&eacute;es technologiques, la neutralit&eacute; technique et la signification pure attribu&eacute;es &agrave; ces instruments ont &eacute;t&eacute; mises en doute car les SOC sont comprises dans une dimension discursive et susceptibles de interpellations performatives quant &agrave; l&rsquo;action des sujets dans les processus de production, d&rsquo;organisation et de circulation de l&rsquo;information.</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">En ce sens, les SOC repr&eacute;sentent une ar&egrave;ne de conflit entre discours dominants et les r&eacute;appropriations sociales o&ugrave; le vocabulaire d&#39;approche est un marqueur indispensable de l&#39;appartenance sociale et politique.</span></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Il semble&nbsp; &eacute;vident que les syst&egrave;mes d&#39;organisation des connaissances de la circulation globale&nbsp; devraient &eacute;tablir un engagement en mati&egrave;re de </span><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">accountability</span></em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> &nbsp; permettant aux segments sociaux repr&eacute;sent&eacute;s&nbsp; de pouvoir suivre en permanence leur port&eacute;e et d&rsquo;exiger des r&eacute;parations qui garantissent une repr&eacute;sentation &eacute;thique&nbsp; et &eacute;quilibr&eacute;e des questions sociales.</span></p>